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Application of E-learning Tools in Adult Education
No full textPrimjena alata e-učenja u nastavi vrlo je aktualna tema. Ono što je čini posebno relevantnom za obrazovanje odraslih jesu specifična obilježja odraslih polaznika, čime se prvenstveno referiramo na ograničeno slobodno vrijeme i opterećenost osobnim i profesionalnim obvezama. Analizom dostupne znanstvene literature i pregledom provedenih istraživanja ovaj rad iznosi pronalaske o obilježjima obrazovanja odraslih te kako se digitalizacija odražava na predavače, polaznike i kvalitetu same nastave obrazovanja odraslih. Na osnovu provedenih intervjua s nastavnicima iz pet različitih ustanova za obrazovanje odraslih, iznose se njihova mišljenja i iskustva o primjeni alata eučenja u nastavi obrazovanja odraslih. Naročita pozornost pridana je primjeni alata eučenja u sljedećim aspektima: izvođenje nastave i vrednovanje postignuća polaznika, samoprocjena kompetentnosti nastavnika, načini podrške, prednosti i nedostatci, kao i prijedlozi za unaprjeđenje primjene alata e-učenja u nastavi. Rezultati ukazuju na to kako se digitalizacija nastave odražava na svojevrsnu evoluciju nastavne prakse te kako utječe na nastavne strategije, uključenost i motivaciju polaznika, kao i na cjelokupnu učinkovitost nastave. Dobiveni rezultati se interpretiraju te zatim analiziraju i uspoređuju s teorijskim saznanjima i pronalascima iz drugih relevantnih istraživanja kako bi se omogućilo bolje razumijevanje ove teme. U konačnici, ovaj rad nastoji ukazati na razvoj obrazovanja odraslih te ulogu koju e-učenje ima u poboljšanju kvalitete nastave i zadovoljavanju potreba odraslih polaznika u suvremenom, digitalnom dobu.The application of e-learning in education is a very current topic. The unique characteristics of adult learners, such as limited free time and the balancing of personal and professional responsibilities, is what makes this subject especially relevant for adult education. By analyzing available scientific literature and reviewing existing research, this thesis presents findings on the characteristics of adult education and the impact of digitalization on teachers, students and the overall quality of instruction in adult education. Insights are drawn from interviews with teachers from five different adult education institutions, presenting their opinions and experiences with e-learning tools. This thesis pays special attention to the following aspects: classroom conducts, student achievement evaluation, teacher self-assessment of competence, support methods, advantages and disadvantages, along with suggestions for enhancing the use of e-learning tools in teaching. The findings reveal how digitalization reflects on teaching practices and how it affects teaching strategies, participant engagement and motivation, as well as the overall teaching effectiveness. The results are interpreted, analyzed and compared with theoretical knowledge and findings from other relevant studies to provide a better understanding of this topic. Ultimately, this thesis aims to highlight the development of adult education and the role that e-learning has in enhancing teaching quality and meeting the needs of adult students in the modern, digital age
Incorrect postures of 4th and 8th grade elementary school students
No full textJedan od značajnih problema suvremenog društva je nepravilno držanje tijela kod djece, adolescenata i odraslih. Sjedilački način života, koji je postao sastavni dio modernog doba okruženog tehnologijom, često uključuje sate provedene pogrbljeni ispred računala, uz minimalnu ili nikakvu fizičku aktivnost. Nepravilno držanje često se zanemaruje, pa je ključno kod djece na vrijeme razviti svijest o pravilnom držanju i uvesti odgovarajuće vježbe za jačanje oslabljenih mišića. Ako se ne poduzmu odgovarajući koraci, nepravilno držanje može dovesti do trajnih degenerativnih promjena na kralježnici. Sjedeći način života više nije karakterističan samo za odrasle, već i djeca sve više vremena provode za pisaćim stolovima, s očima uprtim u ekrane. Nedostatak tjelesne aktivnosti, nepravilna prehrana, sve teže školske torbe i loše sjedenje u školskim klupama glavni su čimbenici koji doprinose razvoju nepravilnog tjelesnog držanja kod djece. Sve veći broj djece u ranoj dobi počinje se žaliti na bolove u leđima, a istraživanja pokazuju da svako drugo dijete u školi pati od nekog oblika lošeg držanja. Dijagnoze poput skoliotičnog, lordotičnog i kifotičnog držanja postale su uobičajene u ordinacijama školskih liječnika i ortopeda. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi učestalost pojave različitih čimbenika koji mogu utjecati na razvoj nepravilnog držanja kod učenika. Sekundarni cilj bio je ustanoviti razlike u pojavnosti nepravilnog držanja s obzirom na dob i spol učenika. Također , cilj je bio identificirati specifične razlike među učenicima različitih dobnih skupina i između spolova, kako bi se dobio bolji uvid u faktore koji najviše doprinose razvoju ovih problema te kako bi se mogli usmjeriti preventivni programi i mjere prilagođene različitim grupama. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 79 učenika 4. i 8. Razreda jedne zadarske škole. Od ukupnog uzorka ispitanika 39 je učenika 4. razreda (od toga je 19 učenika i 20 učenica), a 40 je učenika 8. razreda (od toga je 15 učenika i 25 učenica). Istraživanje je provedeno anonimnim anketnim upitnikom. Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali kako ne postoje razlike u nepravilnim držanjima učenika s obzirom na dob. Učenici 4. i 8. razreda su imali podjednaka držanja. Također, istraživanje je pokazalo kako se učenici i učenice ne razlikuju u nepravilnim držanjima. Učenici i učenice razlikuju samo u varijabli koja ukazuje na način sjedenja tijekom razgovora s prijateljima, dok u ostalim varijablama nije bilo značajnih razlika. Rezultati su pokazali da učenici koji se bave sportom imaju pravilnija držanja. Učitelji imaju značajan utjecaj na formiranje pravilnog ili nepravilnog držanja. Učitelji bi trebali i mogli kroz svakodnevnu aktivnost, organizaciju nastave, tjelesnu aktivnost te samim primjerom doprinijeti poboljšanju posturalnih navika kod djece.One of the significant problems of modern society is poor posture among children, adolescents, and adults. A sedentary lifestyle, which has become a part of modern times surrounded by technology, often involves hours spent hunched over in front of computers, with minimal or no physical activity. Poor posture is often overlooked, making it crucial to raise awareness of proper posture in children early on and introduce appropriate exercises to strengthen weakened muscles. If proper steps are not taken, poor posture can lead to permanent degenerative changes in the spine. A sedentary lifestyle is no longer characteristic only of adults, as children increasingly spend time at desks with their eyes glued to screens. Lack of physical activity, poor nutrition, increasingly heavier school bags, and improper seating in school desks are the main factors contributing to the development of poor posture in children. An increasing number of children at an early age begin to complain of back pain, and research shows that every second child in school suffers from some form of poor posture. Diagnoses such as scoliotic, lordotic, and kyphotic postures have become common in school doctors' and orthopedic clinics. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of various factors that may influence the development of poor posture in students. The secondary aim was to identify differences in the occurrence of poor posture with respect to the age and gender of the students. Additionally, the goal was to identify specific differences among students of different age groups and between genders, in order to gain better insight into the factors that contribute the most to the development of these problems, and to guide preventive programs and measures tailored to different groups. The study involved 79 students from the 4th and 8th grades of a school in Zadar. Of the total sample, 39 were 4th-grade students (19 boys and 20 girls), and 40 were 8th-grade students (15 boys and 25 girls). The research was conducted using an anonymous survey questionnaire. The results of the research showed that there are no differences in poor posture between students in terms of age. Both 4th and 8thgrade students exhibited similar postures. Additionally, the research showed that there were no differences in poor posture between male and female students. The only variable where students differed was in how they sat while talking to friends, while there were no significant differences in other variables. The results showed that students involved in sports have better posture. Teachers have a significant influence on the formation of proper or improper posture. Teachers should and could, through daily activities, the organization of lessons, physical activity, and by setting a good example, contribute to improving children's postural habit
The relationship between friendship quality and psychological well-being in adulthood
No full textKaže se da nijedan čovjek nije otok sasvim sam za sebe te su mu potrebne bliske veze s drugima. Prijateljstvo predstavlja značajan oblik podrške i temelji se na zajedničkim aktivnostima, međusobnoj pomoći, emocionalnoj podršci i bliskosti osoba. Prijateljski odnosi su važni tijekom cijelog života, a istraživanja desetljećima unazad ukazuju na značajne pozitivne doprinose kvalitetnih prijateljskih odnosa na psihološku dobrobit pojedinca u svim životnim razdobljima. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati odnose kvalitete prijateljstva, samootkrivanja, socijalne usamljenosti i psihološke dobrobiti (razine zadovoljstva životom, sreće i depresivnosti) odraslih osoba te koristeći kvalitativan pristup ispitati neke značajke odnosa s najboljim prijateljem. U ovom istraživanju je sudjelovalo 197 osoba odrasle dobi iznad 25 godina, prosječne dobi 37 godina (M = 37.03 godina, SD = 12.41). Dobiveni rezultati ukazuju kako žene izvještavaju o višoj kvaliteti prijateljstva, a stariji pojedinci iskazuju više razine socijalne usamljenosti. Pojedinci koji procjenjuju višu kvalitetu prijateljstva navode da su zadovoljniji životom i doživljavaju više razine sreće, dok je više samootkrivanje osobe povezano s višim zadovoljstvom životom i doživljavanjem sreće te nižim doživljavanjem depresivnosti. Socijalno usamljeniji pojedinci doživljavaju niže razine sreće i više razine depresivnosti. Provjerom relativnih doprinosa kvalitete prijateljstva, samootkrivanja i socijalne usamljenosti u objašnjenju psihološke dobrobiti odraslih osoba, pokazalo se da kvaliteta prijateljstva značajno pozitivno doprinosi u objašnjenju zadovoljstva životom, samootkrivanje u objašnjenju sreće, a objašnjenju depresivnosti značajno negativno doprinosi samootkrivanje i pozitivno socijalna usamljenost. Nadalje, kvalitativnim istraživačkim pristupom utvrđeno je kako su odrasle osobe najboljeg prijatelja najčešće upoznale u školi i tijekom zajedničkog odrastanja, a razlozi za održavanjem odnosa su iskrenost, sličnost i povjerenje. Prijateljstvo u odrasloj dobi se održava ispijanjem zajedničke kave, druženjima bez konkretne aktivnosti ili kroz zajedničke šetnje. Potencijalni razlozi nesuglasica ili razilaženja su različitosti u mišljenju ili karakteru te gubitak povjerenja u osobu. Rezultati kvalitativne analize u skladu su s ranije izučavanim konstruktima u istraživanjima prijateljstva odraslih.There is an expression that no one is an island, entirely of himself, therefore close relationships with others are essential. Friendship represents a significant form of support and is based on shared activities, mutual help, emotional support, and intimacy. Relatiosnhips with friends are important throughout life, and decades of research have shown the significant positive contributions of high-quality friendships to the psychological well-being of individuals at all stages of life. The aim of this research was to examine the relationships between friendship quality, self-disclosure, social loneliness, and psychological wellbeing (life satisfaction, levels of happiness and levels of depression) in adults and, using a qualitative approach, to examine some features of relationships with a best friend. This study included 197 adults over the age of 25, with an average age of 37 years (M = 37.03, SD = 12.41). The results show that women report higher friendship quality, and older individuals report higher levels of social loneliness. Individuals who perceive higher friendship quality report higher life satisfaction and happiness, while higher self-disclosure is associated with higher life satisfaction and happiness and lower levels of depression. Socially lonely individuals experience lower levels of happiness and higher levels of depression. By examining the separate relative contributions of friendship quality, self-disclosure, and social loneliness in explaining the psychological well-being of adults, it was shown that friendship quality significantly positively contributes to explaining life satisfaction, self-disclosure to explaining happiness, and self-disclosure significantly negatively contributes to explaining depression, while social loneliness contributes positively. Furthermore, a qualitative research approach revealed that adults most often met their best friends in school and during their childhood, and the reasons for maintaining relationships are sincerity, similarity, and trust. Friendship in adulthood is maintained by drinking coffee together, socializing without a specific activity, or taking walks together. Potential reasons for disagreements or differences are differences in opinion or character and loss of trust in a person. The results of the qualitative analysis are consistent with previously studied constructs in research on adult friendship
Thematic Complex in the Novels of Maja Brajko - Livaković
No full textDiplomski rad donosi interpretacije tematskog kompleksa suvremenih dječjih i adolescentskih romana Maje Brajko-Livaković. Uvodni dio rada obuhvaća definiranje dječjeg/ adolescentskog suvremenog romana s naglaskom na suvremenu tematiku te pozicioniranje Maje Brajko- Livaković u suvremenoj hrvatskoj književnosti. Glavni dio rada obuhvaća književno-teorijsku interpretaciju fantastičnog i realističkog romanesknog opusa. U središte tematsko-motivske analize stavljene su narativne figure: psihemska, sociemska i ontemska (Peleš, 1999). Većina književnih junaka realističkog opusa smješteni su u suvremene disfunkcionalne obitelji, izloženi porocima suvremenog društvenog konteksta (osamljenost, nerazumijevanje, ovisnost, nasilje). U fantastičnom romanesknom opusu, oblikovanom dinamičnim, avanturističkim pripovjednim modelom, prisutni su junaci iz svijeta prirode, koji na ontemskoj razini promiču vrijednosti suživota prirode i civilizacije, spretno balansirajući između dobra i zla. Sukreirajući poetiku suvremenog hrvatskog dječjeg i adolescentskog romana, tematski kompleks romana Maje Brajko-Livaković usmjeren je kritici društva, narušenih obiteljskih, otuđenih društvenih i poremećenih prirodnih odnosa. Optimizam, pouzdanost u istinske vrijednosti, kao što su prijateljstvo, odanost, ljubav, empatija, vjera u pravednije društvo i sklad odnosa u prirodi jesu odrednice pozitivnih, afirmativnih književnih junaka koje mogu pomoći mladim recipijentima u osjetljivom razdoblju njihova sazrijevanja.The diploma thesis presents interpretations of the thematic complex of contemporary children's and adolescent novels by Maja Brajko-Livaković. The introductory part of the paper includes the definition of a contemporary children's/adolescent novel with an emphasis on contemporary themes and the positioning of Maja Brajko-Livaković in contemporary Croatian literature. The main part of the work includes a literary-theoretical interpretation of a fantastic and realistic novel. Narrative figures are placed in the center of the thematic-motive analysis: psychic, social and onthemic (Peleš, 1999). Most of the literary heroes of the realist oeuvre are placed in contemporary dysfunctional families, exposed to the vices of the contemporary social context (loneliness, misunderstanding, addiction, violence). In the fantastic novel, shaped by a dynamic, adventurous narrative model, there are heroes from the world of nature, who promote the values of the coexistence of nature and civilization on an ontem level, deftly balancing between good and evil. Co-creating the poetics of contemporary Croatian children's and adolescent novels, the thematic complex of Maja Brajko-Livaković's novel is aimed at criticizing society, broken family, alienated social and disturbed natural relationships. Optimism, reliability in true values, such as friendship, loyalty, love, empathy, faith in a fairer society and harmony of relationships in nature are the determinants of positive, affirmative literary heroes who can help young recipients in the sensitive period of their maturation
Prevođenje kulture: Tri duše spisateljice Janie Chang
No full textTranslation Studies is a very complex field and the translation of cultural elements from one culture to the other is one of its most crucial elements. This thesis is concerned with this aspect of translation studies as well as the successful implementation of various strategies used in the translation of cultural elements. This was done through the analysis of the translation of an excerpt of the novel Three Souls by Janie Chang. The translation of Chinese cultural elements into a Croatian cultural context is challenging due to the sheer differences in the two cultures. A particular focus was put on the translation of names, titles and culture-specific items through which one possible approach to the translation of cultural elements was shown. Furthermore, this thesis confirmed that the translation from one culture to another is a complex issue with many possible solutions depending on the translator’s goal.Traduktologija je vrlo složeno područje i prevođenje kulturnih elemenata iz jedne kulture u drugu jedan je od njezinih najvažnijih elemenata. Ovaj diplomski rad bavi se upravo tim aspektom prevodilaštva kao i uspješnom implementacijom različitih strategija koje se koriste u prevođenju kulturnih elemenata kroz analizu prijevoda ulomka iz romana Tri duše. Prijevod kineskih kulturnih elemenata u hrvatski kulturni kontekst izazovan je zbog samih razlika u dvjema kulturama. Poseban fokus stavljen je na prijevod imena, titula i kulturnospecifičnih stavki kroz koji je prikazan jedan od mogućih pristupa prijevodu kulturnih elemenata. Nadalje, ovaj je rad potvrdio da je prijevod između kultura složeno pitanje s mnogo mogućih rješenja koja ovise o cilju prevoditelj
Yugoslav Crisis in the 1980s
No full textU diplomskom radu je na nepristran način prikazana sinteza događaja koji su tijekom 80-ih godina 20. stoljeća najavili krah Socijalističke Federativne Republike Jugoslavije te prouzročili ratni sukob koji se u prvoj polovici 90-ih godina rasplamsao na teritoriju, tada već nekadašnje, jugoslavenske države. Nakon smrti Josipa Broza Tita na vidjelo su izašli društveni, ekonomski i gospodarski problemi koji su utjecali na pojavu prvih političkih nesuglasica. Memorandum SANU i jačanje popularnosti Slobodana Miloševića, potaknuli su otvoreno iskazivanje srpskih nacionalnih stavova te ponovno buđenje, nikad zaboravljenih već privremeno potisnutih, planova o uspostavi Velike Srbije. Jugoslavenska je kriza svoj vrhunac doživjela na 14. izvanrednom kongresu SKJ čiji su događaji utjecali na konačan raspad Saveza komunista Jugoslavije. Do ponovnog osnaženja i promicanja hrvatske nacionalne svijesti dolazi u prvoj polovici 1990.-e godine kada je održana kampanja za prve slobodne višestranačke izbore. Hrvati su u Franji Tuđmanu pronašli osobu koja će ih voditi na putu do samostalnosti, a Srbi su, nasuprot tome, u liku Slobodana Miloševića prepoznali „zaštitnika Srba“ i osobu koja je jamčila njihovu opstojnost i blagostanje na teritoriju čitave Jugoslavije. Uslijedili su brojni regionalni nemiri koji su naznačili uvod u krvave ratne sukobe koji će kulminirati tijekom 90- ih godina. Ovakav rasplet događaja još je jednom dokazao krhkost i neprovedivost ideje o zajedničkom i skladnom suživotu svih južnih Slavena. Problemi potaknuti nacionalnim, jezičnim, religijskim i gospodarskim razlozima, uzrokovani prvenstveno povijesnim okolnostima, odredili su razinu opsjene u pogledu ostvarenja i održanja zajedničke države.The aim of this paper is to present, in an unbiased way, a synthesis of events that foresaw the collapse of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia during the ‘80s of the past century. It also deals with the causes of war conflicts that spread over the territory of then present (first half of the ‘90s) Yugoslavian state. After the death of Josip Broz Tito, social, business and economy problems became evident, all causing the first political disagreements to appear. Memorandum SANU and Slobodan Milošević’s rise in popularity prompted public expression of Serbian national stances, as well as the rebirth of long lost, but never forgotten, plans on the establishment of the Great Serbia. Yugoslavian crisis had reached its peak at an extraordinary 14th Congress whose events effected the final collapse of Union of Communists of Yugoslavia. Re-empowerment and promotion of Croatian national consciousness did not happen until the campaign of the first half of the 1990s, when the first free multi-party elections were held. In Franjo Tuđman, Croats found a person who would lead them to independence, while the Serbs, on the other hand, saw Slobodan Milošević as their protector and the one who could guarantee their perseverance and well-being. The following years were marked by numerous regional rebellions which were an introduction to bloody war conflicts that culminated during the ‘90s. Denouement of these events proved once more how fragile and inviolable the idea of common and harmonious lives of all Southern Slavs was. Problems raised by national, linguistic, religious and economic reasons, caused primarily by historic circumstances, defined the scope of illusion in terms of creating and maintaining the common state
Perfectionism, Impostorism, and Indicators of Students' Mental Health
No full textCilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati odnos između perfekcionizma, impostorizma i mentalnog zdravlja studenata, s posebnim fokusom na ispitivanju uloge impostorizma kao medijatora u povezanosti diskrepancije i indikatora mentalnog zdravlja (depresivnost, anksioznost i stres). Diskrepancija se može definirati kao percipirani nesklad ili razlika između standarda koje osoba postavlja za sebe i stvarne izvedbe, koji je povezan s osjećajem nezadovoljstva sobom i samokritiziranjem. Impostorizam, s druge strane, podrazumijeva osjećaj da su vlastita postignuća rezultat vanjskih faktora, a ne vlastite sposobnosti i strah da će drugi otkriti nesposobnost pojedinca. U ovom istraživanju ispitali su se bivarijatni odnosi među svim varijablama kao i moderirajuća uloga subjektivnih i objektivnih pokazatelja akademskog uspjeha. Ukupni uzorak uključivao je 863 studenta s različitih fakulteta u Hrvatskoj, a podaci su prikupljeni putem online upitnika. Upitnik se sastojao od Revidirane ljestvice težnje perfekcionizmu (APS-R - Almost Perfect Scale-Revised, Slaney i sur., 2001), Learyjeve skale impostorizma (Leary Impostorism Scale - LIS; Leary i sur., 2000), Skale depresivnosti, anksioznosti i stresa (DASS-21 - Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale, Lovibond i Lovibond, 1995). Rezultati medijacijskih analiza upućuju na to da impostorizam djelomično posreduje u odnosu između diskrepancije i indikatora mentalnog zdravlja. Preciznije, više razine diskrepancije povezane su s većim impostorizmom, što je pak povezano s većom depresivnošću, anksioznošću i stresom. Značajna moderacija utvrđena je samo za objektivni pokazatelj akademskog uspjeha i anksioznost kao zavisnu varijablu, pri čemu je povezanost impostorizma i anksioznosti izraženija kod uspješnijih studenata, a povezanost perfekcionističke diskrepancije s anksioznošću izraženija je kod manje uspješnih studenata. Suprotno očekivanom, subjektivni pokazatelji akademske uspješnosti nisu pokazali statistički značajnu moderacijsku ulogu ni u jednom odnosu. Ovo istraživanje doprinos je boljem razumijevanju odnosa perfekcionizma, impostorizma i indikatora mentalnog zdravlja studenata. Ipak, postoji potreba za daljnjim istraživanjima ovih odnosa i njihovog učinka na mentalno zdravlje studenata.The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between perfectionism, impostorism, and students' mental health, with a specific focus on investigating the mediating role of impostorism in the connection between discrepancy and mental health indicators (depression, anxiety, and stress). Discrepancy can be defined as a perceived mismatch or difference between the standards an individual sets for themselves and their actual performance, which is associated with feelings of self-dissatisfaction and self-criticism. Impostorism, on the other hand, involves the feeling that one's achievements are the result of external factors rather than one's own abilities and the fear that others will discover one's incompetence. This study examined bivariate relationships among all variables, as well as the moderating role of subjective and objective indicators of academic success. The total sample consisted of 863 students from various universities in Croatia, and data were collected via an online questionnaire. The questionnaire included the Almost Perfect Scale-Revised (APS-R; Slaney et al., 2001), the Leary Impostorism Scale (LIS; Leary et al., 2000), and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21; Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995). The results of the mediation analyses indicate that impostorism partially mediates the relationship between discrepancy and mental health indicators. Specifically, higher levels of discrepancy were associated with greater impostorism, which in turn was linked to higher levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. Significant moderation was found only for the objective indicator of academic success and anxiety as the dependent variable, with a stronger relationship between impostorism and anxiety at a higher level of academic success and a stronger relationship between perfectionistic discrepancy and anxiety at a lower level of academic success. Contrary to expectations, subjective indicators of academic success did not show a statistically significant moderating role in any of the relationships. This study contributes to a better understanding of the relationship between perfectionism, impostorism, and students' mental health indicators. However, further research is needed to explore these relationships and their impact on students' mental health
Ethnography of experience: Viticulture and winemaking of the Prigorje region
No full textVinogradarstvo i vinarstvo kao gospodarske djelatnosti, koje imaju veliki tradicijski značaj za prigorski kraj, kulturno su i društveno obilježene promjenama koje su se odvijale tijekom 20. stoljeća. Budući da je vrijeme faktor koji utječe na sve, tako su i ove čovjekove djelatnosti zahvaćene tehnološkim napretkom i modernizacijom/mehanizacijom. Ovim radom želi se konceptom etnografije doživljaja pobliže analizirati utjecaj modernizacije na djelatnosti vinogradarstva i vinarstva te doživljaj koji ona donosi u proizvodnju vina. Također promišlja se o motivaciji i samom doživljaju bavljenja uzgojem vinove loze i proizvodnjom vina, kao i o aspektu roda i ulozi žene u obiteljskim vinarijama te značaju vina i kulture vina za pojedinca i društvo. Teorijski okvir istraživanja vezan je uz antropologiju prehrane i pića, točnije proizvodnju alkoholnih pića, uz kulturu vina dok metodološki aspekt uključuje provedbu terenskog istraživanja u lokalnoj zajednici Prigorja.Viticulture and winemaking as economic activities, that have a great traditional significance for the Prigorje region, are culturally and socially marked by changes that took place throughout the 20th century. Since time is a factor that affects everything, these human activities are also affected by technological progress and modernization/mechanization. This paper aims to use the concept of ethnography of experience to analyze in more detail the impact of modernization on the activities of viticulture and winemaking and the experience it brings to wine production. It also reflects on the motivation and experience of growing vines and wine production, as well as on the aspect of gender and the role of women in family wineries, and the importance of wine and wine culture for individuals and society. The theoretical framework of the research is related to the anthropology of food and beverages, specifically the production of alcoholic beverages, along with wine culture, while the methodological aspect includes the implementation of field research in the local community of Prigorje
Early Christian Tarsatica
No full textU temu starokršćanska Tarsatika uveo nas je N. Novak. Tarsatika je antičko ime današnjeg grada Rijeke i njezina povijest započinje još u prapovijesno vrijeme. Razvoj Tarsatike možemo popratiti kroz 3 faze. Prva je u 1. i 2. st. kada se gradski raster prilagođava prirodnom području. Iz tog razdoblja poznate su nam terme, bedemi, stambena arhitektura i nekropola. Druga razvojna faza počinje u 3. i 4. st. kada je Tarsatika imala važnu ulogu u obrani Italije od barbara i kada je postala dio obrambenog sustava Klaustra Alpium Iuliarun. Grad je zamišljen kao središte vojno-upravnog karaktera koji je trebao raspoređivati postrojbe na ugrožena mjesta. U trećoj fazi za vrijeme 5. i 6. stoljeća grad više nije korišten u svojoj izvornoj funkciji, čak se našao sloj gareži koji možemo povezati da je u 5. stoljeću principij gorio. Sama Tarsatika nije puno istraživana, ali prve konkretne informacije na temelju pravih arheoloških istraživanja pronađene su u 20. st., a N. Novak i J. Višnjić se mogu istaknuti kao osobe koji su nam donijele bitne informacije, uz R. Matejčić. Istražen je principij i profana bazilika od strane Konzervatorskog zavoda koji je sve to objedinio u djelu Tarsatički principij. Tamo su istraženi bočni zid, otvoreno dvorište i četiri pomoćne prostorije te luk koji je bio ulaz u principij. Nalazi bazilike nisu bili dovoljni da se napravi rekonstrukcija, ali moglo bi se pretpostaviti da je bila bogato ukrašena po nalazima tesera i mramornih ploča. Od pokretnih nalaza tip principij nam je najzastupljeniji kojega datiramo s kraja 3. st. do sredine 4. st. Metalnih nalaza ima svakakvih, od konjaničke opreme, fibula, prstenja... Možemo istaknuti brončani lovorov list koji je vezan za štovanje carskog kulta. Ostali starokršćanski lokaliteti koje N. Novak spominje su: crkva Sv. Fabijana i Sebastijana, Sv. Jeronim, Sv. Andrija, Sv. Lovre i crkva Uznesenja Blažene Djevice Marije. Ova zadnja crkva je istražena i J. Višnjić nam je objedinio njegova istraživanja. To je trobrodna bazilika koja je istražena 2008./2009. godinu te bi se moglo pretpostaviti na temelju njenog istraživanja i zaključiti da je vjerojatno Tarsatika bila i biskupsko središte kao Senj i Krk.N. Novak introduced us to the topic of Early Christian Tarsatica. Tarsatica is the ancient name of today's city of Rijeka, and its history begins in prehistoric times. We can follow the development of Tarsatica through 3 phases. The first is in the 1st and 2nd centuries, when the city grid adapts to the natural area. From that period we know the spas, bullwark, residential architecture and the necropolis. The second development phase begins in the 3rd and 4th centuries, when Tarsatica played an important role in the defense of Italy against the barbarians when it became part of the defense system of the Claustra Alpium Iuliarun. The city was imagened to be a center of military administrative character that was supposed to deploy troops to threatened places. The third phase of the 5th and 6th centuries, the city was no longer used in its original function, a layer of burned rubble was even found, which we can relate to the fact that in the 5th century the principle was burning. Tarsatica itself has not been researched much, but the first concrete information based on real archaeological research was brought in the 20th century, and N. Novak and J. Višnjić can stand out as the ones who brought us very important information to the scene along with R. Matejčić. The principium and the profane basilica were investigated by the Conservation Institute, which united all of this in the book Tarsatički principij. There, the side wall, an open courtyard and four auxiliary rooms, as well as the arch that was the entrance to the principium, were investigated. The findings of the basilica were not enough to make a reconstruction, but it could be assumed that it was richly decorated based on the findings of tesserae and marble slabs. Of the movable finds, the Principium type is the most represented, which we date to the end of the 3rd century to the middle of the 4th century. We can highlight a bronze laurel leaf that is related to the worship of the imperial cult. Other Early Christian sites mentioned by N. Novak are the church of St. Fabian and Sebastian, Saints, Jerome, Saints. Andrew, St. St. Lawrence and the Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary. This last church was investigated and J. Višnjić gathered his research for us. It is a three-nave basilica that was researched in 2008 and 2009, and it could be assumed based on its research and the conclusions it brings that Tarsatica was probably also an episcopal center like Senj and Krk
Influence of the method of killing sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) on product quality
No full textPovećanjem količine ribe koje dolaze iz akvakulture povećao se i zahtjev kupaca glede dobrobiti riba u uzgoju, te se primjenjuju od početka do kraja uzgojnog procesa, uključujući postupak usmrćivanja. Pri izboru metode usmrćivanja vodi se načelom što manje bolnosti i svjesnosti ribe. Metoda usmrćivanja utječe i na kvalitetu mesa finalnog proizvoda. Kao najčešća metoda usmrćivanja Dicentrarchus labrax navodi se asfiksija u ledenoj bljuzgi, dok su metode omamljivanja električnom strujom i izlaganje mješavini plinova poput dušika i/ili CO2 tek u eksperimentalnoj fazi testiranja na nekim uzgajalištima. U ovom eksperimentu provela se usporedba kvalitete mesa ribe usmrćene na dva različita načina: metoda „Ike Jime“ (A), te uranjanje u ledenu bljuzgu (B). Uzorci fileta su bili pojedinačno pakirani u plastične vrećice. Analiza mikrobiološke i kemijske ispravnosti provedena je u akreditiranom laboratoriju u vremenski intervalima (danima) od samog izlova. Metode ispitivanja mikrobiologije i kemije uzoraka fileta brancina su uključivale analiziranje prisutnosti Enterobacteriaceae, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, sulfitreducirajuće klostridije te koncentraciju ukupnog hlapljivog baznog dušika (TVB-N). Test organoleptike uključivao je deskriptivnu senzorsku analizu i test razlike provedenu od strane educiranih senzorskih analitičara. Rezultati su pokazali da je uzorak fileta brancina usmrćen metodom Ike Jime (A) bio duže mikrobiološki ispavan i to do osamnaestog dana u odnosu na uzorak ribe usmrćenog asfiksijom u ledenoj bljuzgi (B) čija je mikrobiološka ispravnost bila u granicama zakonskih regulativa do jedanaestog dana. Rezultati senzorskog ocjenjivanja su pokazali razlike četvrti dan ispitivanja, a kasnije na 8. i 11. dan ispitivanja nije bilo značajnih razlika u senzorskim parametrima. Slijedom navedenog, rezultati provedenog eksperimenta ukazuju na složenost procjene kvalitete mesa ribe, te iziskuje dodatna istraživanja kako bi se procjena kvalitete mesa u odnosu na različite metode usmrćivanja ribe mogla determinirati.By increasing the quantity of fish coming from aquaculture, customers' demand for the welfare of farmed fish has also increased, which is applied throughout the entire farming process, including the slaughter procedure. When selecting a slaughter method, the principle of minimizing fish pain and awareness is followed. The slaughter method also affects the quality of the final product meat. Asphyxia in ice slurry is cited as the most common slaughter method for Dicentrarchus labrax, while stunning methods using electric current and exposure to gas mixtures such as nitrogen and/or CO2 are still in the experimental testing phase at some farms. In this experiment, the meat quality of fish slaughtered in two different ways was compared: the "Ike Jime" method (A) and immersion in ice slurry (B). Fillet samples were individually packed in plastic bags. Microbiological and chemical analysis was conducted in an accredited laboratory at specific time intervals (days) from the catch. Microbiological and chemical testing methods for sea bass fillet samples included analyzing the presence of Enterobacteriaceae, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, sulfite-reducing clostridia, and the concentration of total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N). The organoleptic test involved descriptive sensory analysis and difference testing conducted by trained sensory analysts. The results showed that sea bass fillet samples slaughtered using the Ike Jime method (A) remained microbiologically safe for a longer period, up to the eighteenth day, compared to samples of fish slaughtered by asphyxiation in ice slurry (B), whose microbiological safety was within legal limits up to the eleventh day. Sensory evaluation results showed differences on the fourth day of testing, but later, on the 8th and 11th days of testing, there were no significant differences in sensory parameters. Therefore, the results of the experiment indicate the complexity of assessing fish meat quality and require further research to determine meat quality concerning different fish slaughter methods