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Postmodern forms of spirituality: the popularity of magic, tarot reading and horoscope
No full textOvaj završni rad nastoji objasniti rastuću popularnost novih, postmodernih duhovnosti, a kako je posebna pažnja posvećena magiji, čitanju sudbine i horoskopu, ističe se kompleks New Age u kojem su ti fenomeni i smješteni. Naime, suprotno općoj pretpostavci, globalizacijski procesi ipak nisu sekularizirali društva i istisnuli religiju u cijelosti nego su, razorivši tradiciju i poznate izvore sigurnosti drastičnim društvenim promjenama, jednom zauvijek promijenili stanje religioznosti i doprinijeli usponu duhovnosti u svim njenim novim oblicima. Stoga je upravo potraga za sigurnošću i osjećajem kontrole nad vlastitom sudbinom usadila okultne fenomene u duhovnost i smjestila ih u privatnu sferu pojedinaca koji osjećaju potrebu za religioznim iskustvom. S obzirom da New Age kompleks vjerovanja pruža nadoknadu za izgubljenu nadu u bolje sutra, pojedinci u njemu pronalaze posebnu atraktivnost te u tome leži zasluga njegove popularnosti i društvene prihvaćenosti. Okultni se sadržaj širi putem popularnih (digitalnih) medija, a nužno je na taj način i dio potrošačke kulture koja omogućuje prodaju raznih New Age publikacija, tečajeva za prakticiranje okultnog i usluga konzultiranja s profesionalnim magovima, vidovnjacima i astrolozima. Potvrdu da se radi o potrazi za motivacijom u trenutcima razočaranja, bespomoćnosti i dezorijentiranosti dao je i pregled raznih istraživanja o zastupljenosti New Age-a u pojedinim zapadnim državama. Međutim njegovu značajnu prisutnost i dalje potkopava tradicija Katoličke Crkve koja je njegov veliki protivnik, posebno u Hrvatskoj. Budući da ovim novim oblicima duhovnosti opstanak osigurava upravo karakter postmodernog, potrošačkog doba, u trenutcima nesigurnosti oni su oslonac koji se u društvima zadržava kao dio privatnog religioznog života.This undergraduate thesis aims to explain the rising popularity of new, postmodern spirituality, and by considering specifically magic, fortune-telling, and horoscope it emphasizes the New Age complex to which they belong. Contrary to the general assumption, globalization processes did not secularize societies and force religion out in its entirety, but in destroying tradition and known sources of security through drastic social changes, they forever change the contemporary state of religiosity and contributed to the rise of spirituality in all its new forms. Hence, the search for security and a sense of control over one's fate instilled the occult phenomena into spirituality and the private sphere of individuals seeking religious experience. Given that the complex of New Age beliefs and practices provides compensation for the lost hope for a better tomorrow, individuals find it particularly enticing, which is why its popularity and social acceptance are due. Content about the occult is spread via popular (digital) media, making it necessarily part of the consumer culture that enables the sale of various New Age publications, courses for practicing the occult, and consulting services with professional mages, psychics and astrologers. The review of research on New Age representation in certain Western countries confirmed it to be the case of the search for motivation in times of disappointment, helplessness, and disorientation. However, its notable presence is hindered by the tradition of its great opponent the Catholic Church, especially in Croatia. But, as the character of the postmodern, consumer era is what ensures the survival of these new forms of spirituality, in moments of uncertainty they are the consolation that resides in societies as part of private religious life
Correlates of obesity in children of primary school age
No full textPretilost i prekomjerna težina postali su ozbiljan problem suvremenog društva, intenziviran dolaskom modernog doba. Posebno zabrinjavajuća je rastuća stopa pretilosti među djecom i mladima, koja predstavlja značajan javnozdravstveni problem, što pokazuje podatak da se između 1975. i 2016. godine povećao broj djece i adolescenata s prekomjernom tjelesnom težinom za više od 4 puta. U Hrvatskoj, zadnja ispitivanja provedena 2018./2019. godine, pokazuju prisutnost 20,2 % djece s prekomjernom težinom i 14,8 % pretile djece. Zbog ovih podataka Hrvatska je jedna od pet europskih zemalja koja se suočava s najvećom stopom pretilosti kod djece. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati odnose između tjelesne težine kod djece osnovnoškolske dobi i nekih njezinih korelata kao što su dob i spol djeteta, tjelesna aktivnost i opće samopoštovanje. Također, ispitane su razlike u tjelesnoj aktivnosti i tjelesnoj težini djece osnovnoškolske dobi s obzirom na socioekonomski status obitelji. Istraživanje je provedeno na prigodnom uzorku kojeg čine 199 djece osnovnoškolske dobi (od 9 do 15 godina), od kojih je 104 dječaka i 95 djevojčica. Za mjerenje konstrukata korišteni su: Indeks tjelesne mase, Upitnik ukupne procjene tjelesne aktivnosti djece starije školske dobi, Coopersmithov upitnik samopoštovanja, dok je kao pokazatelj socioekonomskog statusa uzeta razina obrazovanja (osnovna škola, srednja škola, fakultet) majke i oca. Rezultati su pokazali kako starija djeca navode veću tjelesnu težinu, ali ujedno i nižu razinu općeg samopoštovanja, međutim rezultati nisu potvrdili pad tjelesne aktivnosti s dobi. Pokazale su se spolne razlike u samopoštovanju, ali ne i u tjelesnoj težini i tjelesnoj aktivnosti. Otkrivena je značajna pozitivna povezanost tjelesne aktivnosti i općeg samopoštovanja, dok je pad samopoštovanja s porastom tjelesne težine otkriven samo na poduzorku djevojčica. Iznenađujuće, tjelesna aktivnost i tjelesna težina nisu se pokazale značajno povezane. Također, nije utvrđena razlika s obzirom na razinu obrazovanja roditelja u tjelesnoj aktivnosti i tjelesnoj težini.Obesity and overweight have become a serious problem in modern society, intensified by the advent of the modern age. Of particular concern is the growing obesity rate among children and youth, which represents a significant public health problem, as shown by the fact that between 1975 and 2016, the number of overweight children and adolescents increased by more than 4 times. In Croatia, the last trials which were conducted in 2018/2019, show the incidence of 20.2% overweight children and 14.8% obese children. Due to these data, Croatia is one of the five European countries facing the highest rate of obesity among children. The aim of this research was to examine the relationship between body weight in primary school-aged children and some of its correlates, such as the age and gender of the child, physical activity and general self-esteem. Also, differences in physical activity and body weight of primary school-aged children were examined in relation to the socioeconomic status of the family. The research was conducted on a random sample consisting of 199 children of primary school age (from 9 to 15 years), of which 104 were boys and 95 were girls. To measure the constructs, the following were used: Body mass index, Questionnaire for the total assessment of physical activity of older school-aged children, Coopersmith's selfesteem questionnaire, while the level of education (primary school, high school, college) of the mother and father was taken as an indicator of socioeconomic status. The results showed that older children reported a higher body weight, but at the same time a lower level of general self-esteem. However, the results did not confirm a decline in physical activity with age. Gender differences were shown in self-esteem, but not in body weight and physical activity. A significant positive association between physical activity and the general level of self-esteem was revealed, while a decrease in self-esteem with an increase in body weight was detected only in the sub-sample of girls. Surprisingly, physical activity and body weight were not found to be significantly related. Also, no difference was found regarding the level of education of the parents in relation to physical activity and body weight
Archaeological and anthropological analysis of the site of St. Roko in Bibinje
No full textU radu su izneseni rezultati analize arheološkog pokretnog materijala te antropološke analize ljudskih kosturnih ostataka pronađenih prilikom zaštitnog arheološkog istraživanja oko crkve sv. Roka u Bibinjama 2021.godine. Istraživanjem prostora oko crkve pronađena su tri groba koja su sadržavala najmanje dvadeset jednog pojedinca. Prema nalazima grobovi bi se mogli datirati u 17. i 18. stoljeće. Materijal pronađen u grobovima sačinjen je od dijelova nošnje i nakita – dvodijelne dvopetljaste kopče, jednog cjelovitog prstena te jednog fragmentarnog i nabožnih predmeta – tri svetačke medaljice uz koje su pronađene i staklene i koštane perle koje su najvjerojatnije sačinjavale krunice. U grobovima u zapunama pronađeni su i manji ulomci majolike i engobirane keramike, fragmenti stakla te željezni čavli. Analizom ljudskih koštanih ostataka utvrđen je broj od najmanje dvadeset jedne individue – sedmero djece, osam muškaraca, jedna žena te pet osoba za koje nije bilo moguće odredit spol. Pronađene su mnogobrojne patološke promjene, u prvom redu Schmorlovi defekti i osteoartritis kao indikatori težeg fizičkog rada, kao i zaživotne traume koje mogu sugerirati povišeni rizik od nasilja u zajednici.The paper presents the analysis of small archaeological finds and the anthropological analysis of human skeletal remains found during protective archaeological research around the church of St. Roko in Bibinje in 2021. By exploring the area around the church, three graves containing at least twenty-one individuals were found. According to the findings, the graves could be dated to the 17th and 18th centuries. The material found in the graves consists of parts of dress accessories and jewellery - a two-part double-loop buckles, one complete finger ring and one fragmentary, religious objects – three saint's medals, along with which glass and bone beads were also found, which most likely were parts of the rosaries. Small fragments of majolica and slipped ceramics, glass fragments and iron nails were also found in the graves, in the fillings. Analysis of human bone remains revealed the number of at least 21 individuals - seven children, eight men, one woman and five individuals whose sex could not be determined. Numerous pathological changes were found, primarily Schmorl's defects and osteoarthritis as indicators of more difficult physical work, as well as antemortem traumas that may suggest an increased risk of violence in the community
Application of new technology in the operating room
No full textTehnološke inovacije uvedene u zdravstveni sustav dovode do velikih promjena u kliničkoj praksi i svakodnevnom radu. Napredak tehnologije od velike je važnosti jer pruža najnovije mogućnosti liječenja pacijentima sa malignim oboljenjima. Prednost korištenja nove tehnologije je brže prepoznavanje patoloških promjena. Nadalje, samo liječenje novom tehnologijom omogućava brži postoperativni oporavak pacijenata te kraći period hospitalizacije. Također, primjena nove tehnologije podrazumijeva i profesionalni napredak djelatnika te zahtijeva edukaciju kako bi zdravstveni djelatnici bili u tijeku sa uvođenjem nove tehnologije. Edukacijom se stječu znanja i vještine koje osiguravaju pozitivne ishode pri korištenju nove tehnologije, a samim time unaprjeđuje se kvaliteta rada i sigurnost pacijenta. Cilj ovog rada je analizirati i opisati tehnološke inovacije koje su unaprijedile rad u abdominalnoj, torakalnoj kirurgiji, neurokirurgiji i ortopediji te primjena robotskog sustava u određenim područjima kirurgije.Technological innovations introduced into the healthcare system are leading to major changes in clinical practice and daily work. The advancement of technology is of great importance as it provides the latest treatment options for patients with malignant diseases. The advantage of using new technology is faster recognition of pathological changes. Furthermore, the treatment with the new technology enables faster postoperative recovery of patients and a shorter period of hospitalization. The application of new technology implies continuous education of health professionals. Through education, knowledge and skills are acquired that ensure positive outcomes when using new technology, thereby improving the quality of work and patient safety. The goal of this paper is to analyze and describe the technological innovations that improved work in abdominal, thoracic surgery, neurosurgery and orthopedics, as well as the application of robotic systems in certain surgical areas
Relationship between personal characteristics and experience of ostracism in the Cyberball game
No full textOstracizam, oblik socijalnog isključivanja, čija je glavna značajka namjerno ignoriranje, uzrokuje refleksnu socijalnu bol. Negativne afektivne reakcije – narušene temeljne potrebe (pripadanje, samopoštovanje, kontrola, smisao postojanja) i raspoloženje – čine se univerzalnima među ljudima. Međutim, povezanost između osobnih karakteristika i oporavka od ostracizma nedovoljno je istražena. Ovo se eksperimentalno-korelacijsko istraživanje bavilo odnosom između osobnih karakteristika (samopoštovanje, usamljenost, preferirana samoća | sklonost socijalnoj termoregulaciji) i pokazatelja doživljaja, ali i oporavka, od ostracizma (temeljne potrebe, raspoloženje, želja za socijalnim kontaktom s bliskom osobom | procjena metaforičke topline suigrača i ozračja). Zadarski studenti preddiplomskog studija (N = 47) najprije su bili ignorirani (prva runda), a zatim ravnomjerno uključeni (druga runda) u Cyberballu, tobožnjoj online igri dobacivanje loptice. U skladu s očekivanjem, rezultati pokazuju da ostracizam narušava temeljne potrebe i raspoloženje. Iako povezanost između osobnih karakteristika i refleksnih afektivnih reakcija na ostracizam nije bila očekivana, usamljeniji sudionici izvijestili su o manje zadovoljenim temeljnim potrebama. Općenito, suprotno pretpostavci, nije utvrđena povezanost između osobnih karakteristika i pokazatelja oporavka od ostracizma. Međutim, nekoliko odnosa ipak se pokazalo značajnima: sudionici koji preferiraju samoću izvijestili su o manjoj želji za socijalnim kontaktom nakon ostracizma i manjem padu negativnog raspoloženja nakon uključivanja; veća sklonost socijalnoj termoregulaciji povezana je s nižim procjenama topline suigrača nakon ostracizma; sudionici skloniji socijalnoj, ali i oni manje skloni samostalnoj termoregulaciji, izvijestili su o većoj želji za socijalnim kontaktom nakon ostracizma.Ostracism, a form of social exclusion characterized by intentional ignoring, causes reflexive social pain. Negative affective reactions – thwarted fundamental needs (belonging, self-esteem, control, meaningful existence) and mood – appear universal among people. However, the relationship between personal characteristics and recovery from ostracism is understudied. This experimental-correlational study examined the relationship between personal characteristics (self-esteem, loneliness, preferred solitude | tendency towards social thermoregulation) and indicators of the experience, as well as recovery, from ostracism (fundamental needs, mood, desire for social contact with a close person | assessment of metaphorical warmth of the players and the atmosphere). Undergraduate students from Zadar (N = 47) were initially ignored (first round) and then evenly included (second round) in Cyberball, a simulated online ball-tossing game. As expected, the results show that ostracism disrupts fundamental needs and mood. While the association between personal characteristics and reflexive affective reactions to ostracism was not expected, lonelier participants reported less satisfied fundamental needs. In general, contrary to the assumption, no association was found between personal characteristics and indicators of recovery from ostracism. However, several relationships were significant: participants who prefer solitude reported less desire for social contact after ostracism and a smaller decrease in negative mood after inclusion; greater tendency towards social thermoregulation was associated with lower ratings of other players’ warmth after ostracism; participants more inclined towards social, as well as those less inclined towards solitary thermoregulation, reported a greater desire for social contact after ostracism
Feminizam i intertekstualnost u „The Husband Stitch“ Carmen Marije Machado
No full text“The Husband Stitch” is the title story from Carmen Maria Machado’s debut collection Her Body and Other Parties published in 2017. An American author of Cuban descent, Machado’s fiction is frequently called “strange and seductive” with elements of horror and mystery, a definition perfectly encompassing her most famous short story. This thesis provides a critical analysis of “The Husband Stitch” with emphasis on feminism and intertextuality as two of its most important characteristics. “The Husband Stitch” is a powerful story showing the mundane horrors of female existence made stronger by the instalment of scary stories which always include women. The legends and folklore highlight the dangers of society and the misogyny that persists in the central institutions of marriage and motherhood. For this reason, two types of intertextual elements are analysed in the thesis: cautionary tales and urban myths the narrator retells, and stage directions intended for the readers. Moreover, the analysis deals with the story’s theme of feminine guilt, female subservience and the lack of female voice. The ‘husband stitch’ is an old practice whereby an obstetrician puts an ‘extra’ stitch in a woman’s perineum after she gives birth and makes her tighter in order to please her partner. Therefore, it is obvious through the very title that the story features sexist connotations and, what is more, glorifies the male and his needs while condemning the woman for wanting to explore and own her sexuality. The final part serves as an overview of the critical analysis, along with the literary translation of the short story in questionThe Husband Stitch“ naslovna je priča iz Her Body and Other Parties, prve zbirke Carmen Marije Machado objavljene 2017. godine. Machado je američka spisateljica kubanskog podrijetla čija se fikcija često naziva „neobičnom i zavodljivom“ s elementima horora i tajanstvenosti, što je definicija koja savršeno zaokružuje njenu najpoznatiju kratku priču. Ovaj diplomski rad daje kritičku analizu djela „The Husband Stitch“ uz naglasak na feminizam i intertekstualnost kao dvije njegove najvažnije karakteristike. „The Husband Stitch“ snažna je priča o svakodnevnim užasima ženskog postojanja pojačana umetanjem strašnih priča koje uvijek uključuju žene. Legende i folklor naglašavaju opasnosti društva i mizoginije koja je prisutna u institucijama braka i majčinstva. Stoga se u ovom diplomskom radu provodi analiza dvije vrste intertekstualnih elemenata: poučnih priča i urbanih mitova koje pripovjedačica prepričava, kao i scenskih uputa namijenjenih čitateljima. Nadalje, analiza se bavi temom ženske krivnje, ženske pokornosti i nedostatka ženskog glasa. 'Mužev šav' opisuje praksu u porodu u kojoj se primjenjuje više šavova no što je potrebno da bi tkivo zacijelilo u svrhu povećanja seksualnog zadovoljstva partnera. Stoga je očito i kroz sam naslov da priča sadrži seksističke konotacije i usto veliča muškarca i njegove potrebe, a s druge strane osuđuje ženu zbog želje za istraživanjem i korištenjem vlastite seksualnosti. Posljednji dio rada služi kao pregled kritičke analize uz književni prijevod spomenute kratke priče
Frazemi u akademskom kontekstu
No full textThe subject of this thesis paper is frequency of idiom usage in academic surroundings. While defining an idiom is inherently complex, their frequent use in everyday communication highlights their significant role in language. The primary aim of the paper is to investigate the presence and usage of idioms within academic settings, focusing on their representation in a selected corpus. The study specifically addresses the frequency of idiom usage in both spoken and written academic discourse. To achieve this, research was conducted using two different corpora within Sketch Engine. The key findings indicate that idioms are more frequently used in spoken academic discourse than in written discourse. Further analysis revealed that the distribution of idioms varies across different event types within each corpus. This paper will contribute to the understanding of the status and significance of idioms in academic context, providing insight in the challenges language learners face while also showing student perspectives on the matter.Tema ovog završnog rada jest učestalost korištenja frazema akademskom okruženju. Iako je definiranje frazema inherentno složeno, njihova učestala upotreba u svakodnevnoj komunikaciji naglašava njihovu značajnu ulogu u jeziku. Primarni cilj rada je istražiti prisutnost i upotrebu frazema u akademskim okruženjima, s posebnim fokusom na njihovu zastupljenost u odabranom korpusu. Rad se posebno bavi učestalošću korištenja odabranih frazema u govornom i pisanom akademskom diskursu. Kako bi se postigli ovi rezultati, istraživanje je provedeno korištenjem dva različita korpusa unutar Sketch Engine-a. Ključni nalazi ukazuju na to da se frazemi češće koriste u govornom akademskom diskursu nego u pisanom. Daljnja analiza je pokazala da distribucija frazema varira unutar različitih podskupina u svakom korpusu. Ovaj rad će doprinijeti razumijevanju statusa i značaja frazema u akademskom kontekstu, pružajući uvid u izazove s kojima se suočavaju studenti stranog jezika, kao i prikaz perspektive studenata o ovoj temi
The relationship between perfectionism, burnout and cognitive strategies of emotional regulation
No full textS obzirom na moderni ubrzani način života u kojem funkcionira današnje suvremeno društvo, došlo je do velikog porasta sindroma sagorijevanja i to ne samo kod zaposlenih, već i kod studenata. Istraživači, potaknuti tim problemom, često ga uključuju u istraživanja. Unatoč brojnim istraživanjima o sagorijevanju, nedostaje onih koja objedinjuju odnos sagorijevanja sa perfekcionizmom i strategijama regulacije emocija, stoga je ovom istraživanju cilj bio ispitati odnos sagorijevanja sa perfekcionizmom i strategijama kognitivne regulacije emocija na populaciji studenata u Republici Hrvatskoj. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 190 studenata, od toga 20.9% uzorka čine muškarci, a 79.1% žene. Prosječna dob sudionika u uzorku bila je 22 godine. Najveći broj sudionika su redovni studenti (86.9%) na preddiplomskom studiju (68.1%) i to iz područja društvenih znanosti (50%). Studenti se kreću prema višim rezultatima na pozitivnom i negativnom perfekcionizmu, iscrpljenosti i akademske efikasnosti. Najčešće korištene strategije regulacije emocija su samookrivljavanje, ruminacija, planiranje, pozitivna reprocjena i stavljanje u perspektivu dok su rjeđe koristili prihvaćanje, pozitivno refokusiranje i katastrofiziranje. U odnosu na druga istraživanja postizali su manje pozitivnog perfekcionizma te više negativnog perfekcionizma, ali su u većoj mjeri iscrpljeni i skloniji cinizmu te više akademski efikasni. Skloniji su samookrivljavanju, ali i prihvaćanju, ruminaciji, katastrofiziranju no pozitivno refokusiranje i okrivljavanje drugih nije izraženije. Studenti koji postižu visoke rezultate na Negativnom perfekcionizmu također postižu visoke rezultate na maladaptivnim strategijama regulacije i sagorijevanju. Oni koji postižu visoki rezultati na pozitivnom perfekcionizmu također postižu visoki rezultat na akademskoj efikasnosti i planiranju. Oni sa visokim rezultatom na iscrpljenost također imaju visoki rezultat na maladaptivnim strategijama kao i cinizmu. Oni skloniji cinimzu koriste maladaptivne strategije regulacije te prihvaćanje tj. adaptivnu strategiju regulacije, dok oni visoko akademsko efikasni koriste većinu adaptvnih strategija regulacije osim strategije prihvaćanja.Considering the modern fast-paced lifestyle in which today's modern society functions, there has been a large increase in burnout syndrome, not only among employees, but also among students. Researchers, motivated by this problem, often include it in their research. Despite numerous studies on burnout, there is a lack of those that combine the relationship of burnout with perfectionism and emotion regulation strategies, therefore the aim of this research was to examine the relationship of burnout with perfectionism and cognitive emotion regulation strategies in the population of students in the Republic of Croatia. 190 students participated in the research, of which 20.9% of the sample are men, and 79.1% are women. The average age of the participants in the sample was 22 years. The largest number of participants are full-time students (86.9%) in undergraduate studies (68.1%) from the field of social sciences (50%). Students move towards higher results on positive and negative perfectionism, exhaustion and academic efficiency. The most frequently used emotion regulation strategies are self-blame, rumination, planning, positive reappraisal, and putting in perspective, while less frequently they used acceptance, positive refocusing, and catastrophizing. Compared to other studies, they achieved less positive perfectionism and more negative perfectionism, but they are more exhausted and prone to cynicism and more academically efficient. They are more prone to self-blame, but also to acceptance, rumination, catastrophizing, but positive refocusing and blaming others is not more pronounced. Students who score high on negative perfectionism also score high on maladaptive regulation strategies and burnout. Those who score high on positive perfectionism also score high on academic efficiency and planning. Those with a high score on exhaustion also score high on maladaptive strategies as well as cynicism. Those more prone to cynicism use maladaptive regulation strategies and acceptance, i.e. adaptive regulation strategy, while those who are highly academically efficient use most of the adaptive regulation strategies except the acceptance strategy
Analiza složenica u engleskom i njemačkom jeziku
No full textAlthough definitions of compounds differ, compounding is a crucial step in the development of new words in Germanic languages. While English compounds can be written as single words, hyphenated words, or phrases, German compounds are often written as single words. Both German and English have a large number of compounds that differ in their semantic 18 transparency, which affects how easily their meanings may be understood from their parts. Transparency has no effect on reading time for compounds that are written as two words, but it does when readers must piece together meanings for the compounds. Lastly, the data for the semantic transparency research were collected by using the digital corpora for English and German and then later classified into transparent and opaque depending on whether they are actual objects with literal meanings or objects with abstract meaning. Even though there are many opaque compounds in both languages, the German language exhibited greater number.Iako se definicije složenica razlikuju, tvorba složenica ključan je korak u razvoju novih riječi u germanskim jezicima. Dok se složenice u engleskom jeziku mogu pisati keo jedna riječ, riječi sa spojnicom ili kao fraze, složenice u njemačkom jeziku često se pišu samo kao jedna riječi. Oba jezika imaju velik broj složenica koje se razlikuju u svojoj semantičkoj transparentnosti, što utječe na to Koliko se lako može razumijeti njihovo značenje. Transparentnost nema utjecaja na vrijeme čitanja složenica koje su napisane kao dvije riječi, ali ima kada čitatelji moraju sastaviti značenje složenica. Podaci za istraživanje o semantičkoj transparentnosti prikupljeni su korištenjem digitalnog korpusa za engleski i njemački jezik i kasnije klasificirani kao transparentni ili neprozirni prema tome jesu li stvarni predmeti s doslovnim značenjem ili imaju apstrakno značenje
Application of games and activities in the development of fine motor skills of preschool children
No full textU predškolskim ustanovama uočava se porast poteškoća kod djece u razvoju fine motorike. U zadnje vrijeme dječji vrtići ostvaruju bolju suradnju sa školama i dobivaju povratnu informaciju o djeci koja su sve nesamostalnija u segmentu brige o sebi i koja imaju poteškoće u finoj motorici i grafomotorici. Fina motorika podrazumijeva koordinirane pokrete zglobova, mišića i kostiju šake u svrhu izvođenja malih i preciznih pokreta uz zadržavanje okulomotorne koordinacije. Cilj istraživanja je utvrditi postoje li statistički značajne razlike u razini razvijenosti fine motorike djece predškolske dobi u dvije točke mjerenja inicijalno (prije provedbe) i finalno ( nakon provedbe) kineziološkog programa kojim se utjecalo na razvoj fine motorike djece predškolske dobi. Kineziološki program obuhvaćao je aktivnosti i kineziološke sadržaje kojima se poticao razvoj fine motorike kod djece. U istraživanju sudjelovalo je 60 djece u dobi od 5 do 7 godina . Ovo istraživanje provedeno je kao sastavni dio odgojno-obrazovnog procesa i ne izlazi iz okvira djetetovih uobičajenih iskustava, djeca su sudjelovala dobrovoljno i zajamčena je anonimnost. Uzorak ispitanika čine dvije skupine (kontrolna i eksperimentalna). Za procjenu fine motorike korišteno je deset testova („umetanje krugova na stalak“, „nizanje zakački“, „stavljanje štipalica na karton“, „nizanje perlica na konop“, „rezanje škaricama po ravnoj liniji“, „prenošenje hvataljkom“, „crtanje ravne linije“, „crtanje kose linije“, „crtanje valovite linije“ i „crtanje kružnice“). U obje skupine napravljeno je inicijalno mjerenje i nakon četiri tjedna finalno mjerenje. U svim navedenim testovima za procjenu fine motorike djeca su nakon provedbe eksperimentalnog programa ostvarila značajno bolje rezultate što nas dovodi do zaključka da je primjena igara i aktivnosti vrlo važna u poticanju fine motorike kod djece predškolske dobi.There has been an increase in the difficulties affecting the development of fine motor skills among children. Recently, kindergartens have been cooperating better with the schools and have been receiving feedback on children who are less and less dependent in the segment of self-care and who have difficulties in fine motor skills and graphomotor skills. Fine motor skills involve coordinated movements of the joints, muscles and bones of the hand in order to perform small and precise movements while maintaining oculomotor coordination. The goal of the research is to determine whether there are statistically significant differences in the level of fine motor development among preschool children at two measurement points initial (before the implementation) and final (after the implementation) of a kinesiology program that influenced the development of preschool children's fine motor skills. The kinesiology program included activities and kinesiology content that encouraged the development of fine motor skills among children. 60 children between the ages of five and seven participated in the research. This research was conducted as an integral part of the educational process and does not go beyond the child's usual experiences. Children participated voluntarily and anonymity was guaranteed. The sample of respondents consists of two groups (control and experimental). To assess fine motor skills, ten tests were used ("inserting circles on the rack", "stringing with hooks", "putting clothespins on cardboard", "stringing beads on a string", "cutting with scissors along a straight line", "transferring with grips", "drawing straight lines", "drawing an oblique line", "drawing a wavy line" and "drawing a circle"). In both groups, initial measurements were taken and after four weeks, final measurements were taken as well. In all the mentioned tests for the assessment of fine motor skills, the children achieved significantly better results after the implementation of the experimental program, which leads to the conclusion that the application of games and activities is very important in encouraging fine motor skills among preschool childre