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Gender constructions in Elfriede Jelinek’s novel “The Lovers”
No full textDiese Bachelorarbeit bietet eine detaillierte Analyse der komplexen Konstruktionen von Geschlechterrollen im Roman „Die Liebhaberinnen“ der österreichischen Autorin, Drehbuchautorin und Übersetzerin Elfriede Jelinek, mit besonderem Fokus auf die Darstellung von Frauen als Produkte langjähriger sozialer Normen. Die Arbeit konzentriert sich auf die historische Stellung der Frau und die gesellschaftlichen Erwartungen, die ihnen auferlegt wurden, und versucht zu verstehen, warum es den Frauen in diesem Roman unmöglich gemacht wird, den Sinn ihres Lebens ohne die Präsenz eines Mannes zu erkennen. Nach der Analyse der komplexen Beziehungen zwischen den Figuren untersucht diese Arbeit den Roman als eine Form der feministischen Dystopie und erklärt, wie die weiblichen Charaktere in ihrer Entscheidungsfindung und ihrem täglichen Handeln eingeschränkt sind. Im abschließenden Teil der Arbeit werden die wichtigsten Erkenntnisse über die Identität der weiblichen Figuren und die Rolle der Frau in der Gesellschaft vorgestellt, wobei die dauerhaften Auswirkungen patriarchalischer Strukturen auf die Gestaltung der weiblichen Identität hervorgehoben werden.Ovaj završni rad bavi se detaljnom analizom složenih konstrukcija rodnih uloga u romanu „Ljubavnice“ austrijske spisateljice, scenaristice i prevoditeljice Elfriede Jelinek, s posebnim naglaskom na prikaz žena kao proizvoda dugogodišnjih društvenih normi. Rad je usredotočen na povijesni položaj žena i na društvena očekivanja koja su im bila nametnuta, te nastoji razumjeti zašto je ženama u ovom romanu onemogućeno prepoznati smisao svog života bez prisustva muškarca. Nakon analize složenih odnosa među likovima, rad istražuje roman kao oblik feminističke distopije, objašnjavajući na koji način su ženski likovi ograničeni u donošenju odluka i djelovanju u svakodnevnom životu. U završnom dijelu rada iznose se ključne spoznaje o identitetu ženskih likova te općenito o ulozi žena u društvu, naglašavajući trajne posljedice patrijarhalnih struktura na oblikovanje ženskog identiteta.This bachelor thesis provides a detailed analysis of the complex constructions of gender roles in the novel “Women as Lovers” by an Austrian author, screenwriter, and translator Elfriede Jelinek, with a particular focus on the depiction of women as products of longstanding social norms. The study is centered on the historical position of women and the societal expectations imposed upon them, aiming to understand why the women in this novel are unable to recognize the meaning of their lives without the presence of a man. Following an analysis of the complex relationships between the characters, the thesis examines the novel as a form of feminist dystopia, explaining how the female characters are constrained in their decision-making and daily actions. The concluding section of the thesis presents key insights into the identity of the female characters and the role of women in society, highlighting the enduring impact of patriarchal structures on the shaping of female identity
Examining the relationship between involvement in sexting and attachment to school among male and female adolescents
No full textS razvojem tehnologija seksting je sve češća pojava današnjice, a samim time i predmet interesa suvremenih istraživanja. Neka od istraživanja upućuju na povezanost sekstinga i privrženosti školi kao zaštitnog čimbenika, ali još je uvijek premalo nalaza koji bi se mogli sistematizirati s ciljem generalnog zaključka o povezanosti dvaju konstrukta. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati povezanost sudjelovanja u slanju seksualno eksplicitnog sadržaja različitim osobama s različitim dimenzijama privrženosti školi u adolescenata. Na uzorku srednjoškolaca (Ndječaci=74, Ndjevojčice=159) u razdoblju adolescencije (Mdobi=16, SDdobi=0.84) iz Republike Hrvatske primijenjen je Upitnik općih sociodemografskih podataka, zatim Upitnik privrženosti školi (Fredericks i sur., 2003) preveden na hrvatski jezik i dopunjen za potrebe ispitivanja privrženosti školi kod učenika srednjih škola (Kumrić, 2010) te Upitnik sekstinga u adolescenata (Molla-Esparza i sur., 2020). Rezultati pokazuju kako ukupno 21.5% dječaka i djevojčica šalje seksualno eksplicitne sadržaje osobi koju poznaju isključivo na internetu, 34.26% ih šalje osobama koje osobno poznaju, dok 75.83% djevojčica i dječaka seksualno eksplicitne sadržaje šalje u kontekstu romantične veze. Pritom između djevojčica i dječaka nema razlike u slanju seksualnih sadržaja ovisno o primatelju istih. Također, na uzorku dječaka i djevojčica utvrđena je negativna povezanost svih oblika sekstinga s aspektima kognitivne i ponašajne privrženosti školi. Na uzorku dječaka utvrđena je negativna povezanost slanja seksualnog sadržaja osobi koju dječaci poznaju samo na internetu i kognitivne privrženosti, a na uzorku djevojčica ponašajne i emocionalne privrženosti školi te je utvrđena statistički značajna negativna povezanost između slanja seksualnog sadržaja osobi koju djevojčice osobno poznaju i ponašajne privrženosti školi. Dobiveni rezultati razmatraju se u kontekstu dosadašnje literature u području sekstinga i privrženosti školi, osvrćući se pritom na metodološke nedostatke i ograničenja provedenog istraživanja kao i njegove praktične implikacije.With the development of technologies, sexting is an increasingly common phenomenon today, and therefore the subject of interest in contemporary research. Some of the research points to the connection between sexting and attachment to school as a protective factor, but there are still too few findings that could be systematized with the aim of reaching a general conclusion about the connection between the two constructs. The aim of this research was to examine the association of participation in sending sexually explicit content to different people with different dimensions of attachment to school in adolescents. On a sample of high school students (Nboys=74, Ngirls=159) in the period of adolescence (Mage=16, SDage=0.84) from the Republic of Croatia, the General Sociodemographic Data Questionnaire was applied, then the School Engagement Scale (Fredericks et al., 2003) translated to Croatian and supplemented for the purposes of examining school attachment among high school students (Kumrić, 2010) and the Adolescent Sexting Scale, A-SextS (Molla-Esparza et al., 2020). The results show that a total of 21.5% of boys and girls send sexually explicit content to a person they know exclusively on the Internet, 34.26% send it to people they know personally, while 75.83% of girls and boys send sexually explicit content in the context of a romantic relationship. There is no difference found between girls and boys in sending sexual content depending on the recipient. Also, in a sample of boys and girls, a negative association of all forms of sexting with aspects of cognitive and behavioral attachment to school was established. In the sample of boys, a negative association between sending sexual content to a person whom the boys know only on the Internet and cognitive attachment was determined, and in the sample of girls, behavioral and emotional attachment to school, and a statistically significant negative association was established between sending sexual content to a person whom the girls know personally and behavioral attachment to the school. The obtained results are considered in the context of previous literature in the field of sexting and attachment to school, looking at the methodological shortcomings and limitations of the research as well as its practical implications
Heavy metal subculture and deviant labeling
No full textHeavy metal subkultura već desetljećima izaziva kontroverze zbog svoje povezanosti s devijantnim ponašanjem i alternativnim životnim stilom. Iako je poznata po svojoj izričitoj estetici i provokativnim temama, heavy metal predstavlja kompleksan kulturni fenomen. Ovaj rad bavi se analizom heavy metal subkulture kroz prizmu društvene etikete devijantnosti. U radu se definiraju i obrađuju ključni pojmovi poput subkulture, devijantnosti i stigmatizacije te heavy metal subkulture i njenih praksa. U glavnom dijelu razmatra se veza između heavy metala i devijantnog ponašanja, s posebnim naglaskom na stil odijevanja, samodestruktivno ponašanje, agresiju i nasilje kao i povezanost sa sotonizmom i okultizmom. Rad nastoji razmotriti zašto su pripadnici ove subkulture često stigmatizirani i etiketirani kao devijantni te analizira širi društveni kontekst tih predrasuda. Istraživanje literature otkrilo je da je stigmatizacija heavy metal subkulture proizašla iz njenog razlikovanja, ekstremne glazbe te upotrebe i promoviranja mračnih i nasilnih simbola, što je dovelo do iskrivljenog prikaza u društvu. Iako postoje devijantni članovi subkulture, velika većina njenih pripadnika ne sudjeluje u kriminalnim aktivnostima, već uživa u jedinstvenosti i autonomiji koju subkultura pruža. Heavy metal je način života koji najčešće privlači pojedince koji traže slobodu i priliku za samoizražavanje, a ne da ih motivira na kriminalne aktivnosti.Heavy metal subculture has been provoking controversy for decades due to its association with deviant behavior and alternative lifestyle. Although it is known for its explicit aesthetics and provocative themes, heavy metal represents a complex cultural phenomenon. This paper analyzes the heavy metal subculture through the lens of social labeling of deviance. It defines and explores key concepts such as subculture, deviance and stigmatization, as well as the practices within the heavy metal subculture. The main section examines the relationship between heavy metal and deviant behavior, with a particular focus on style of dress, selfdestructive behavior, aggression, and violence, as well as connections to Satanism and occultism. The paper aims to investigate why members of this subculture are often stigmatized and labeled as deviant and analyzes the broader social context of these prejudices. The literature review revealed that the stigmatization of the heavy metal subculture stems from its distinctiveness, extreme music and the use and promotion of dark and violent symbols, leading to a distorted portrayal in society. Although there are deviant members within the subculture, the vast majority of its adherents do not engage in criminal activities but rather enjoy the uniqueness and autonomy that the subculture offers. Heavy metal is a lifestyle that often attracts individuals seeking freedom and self-expression, rather than motivating them towards criminal behavior
Contract of construction, repair or modification of the ship
No full textCilj ovoga rada je utvrditi specifičnosti sadržaja ugovora o gradnji, popravku ili preinaci broda. U radu se polazi od primjera odredbi iz ugovora o gradnji, popravku ili preinaci te se analiziraju odredbe Pomorskog zakonika (PZ) u dijelu koji se odnosi na gradnju, popravak i preinaku broda. Također, navode se i odredbe Zakona o obveznim odnosima (ZOO) kada je riječ o nekim pravima i obvezama ugovornih stranaka iz ugovora o gradnji, popravku ili preinaci broda. Ističu se odredbe koje se odnose na Hrvatski registar brodova (HRB). Također, u radu se definiraju vrste ugovora o radovima na brodu te bitni elementi takvih ugovora. Analiziraju se prava i obveze stranaka pri čemu se posebna pozornost daje pitanju vlasništva nad brodom u gradnji, hipoteci na brodu u gradnji i jamstvima. Ističu se međunarodni unifikacijski instrumenti koji se odnose na ugovore o gradnji, popravku ili preinaci broda. Konačno, ističu se odredbe koje se odnose na inspekcijski pregled broda, osiguranje te prestanak ugovora. U zaključku se sumiraju sve utvrđene specifičnosti sadržaja ugovora o gradnji, popravku ili preinaci brda. Navodi se da je riječ o tri vrste ugovora o radovima na brodu koje se uređene istim propisima. Konačno, u zaključku se, s obzirom na sve utvrđene specifičnosti ugovora o gradnji, popravku ili preinaci broda ističe da je riječ o vrlo kompleksnom ugovornim odnosu koji je zahtijevao podrobnu analizu sadržaja iz razloga njegove važnosti u pomorskoj industriji.The aim of this work is to determine the specifics of the content of the contract on the construction, repair or modification of the ship. The work is based on examples of provisions from the contract on construction, repair or modification and the provisions of the Maritime Code (PZ) are analyzed in the part related to the construction, repair and modification of the ship. The provisions from the Obligatory Relations Act (ZOO) are mentioned when it comes to some rights and obligations of the contractual parties from the contract on the construction, repair or modification of the ship. The provisions related to the Croatian Ship Register (HRB) are highlighted. Also, the paper defines the types of contracts for work on the ship and the essential elements of such contracts. The rights and obligations of the parties are analyzed, with special attention being paid to the issue of ownership of the ship under construction, mortgage on the ship under construction and guarantees. The international unification instruments related to contracts on the construction, repair and modification of ships are highlighted. Finally, the provisions related to the inspection of the ship, insurance and termination of the contract are highlighted. In the conclusion, all established specifics of the content of the contract on the construction, repair or modification of the hill are summarized. It is stated that there are three types of contracts for work on the ship, which are governed by the same regulations. Finally, in the conclusion, given all the established specifics of the contract on the construction, repair or modification of the ship, it is pointed out that it is a very complex contractual relationship that required a detailed analysis of the content due to its importance in the maritime industry
Nepouzdani Pripovjedač u Filmovima Christophera Nolana
No full textThis thesis paper deals with the unreliable narrator and unreliable narrative structures in the filmography of Christopher Nolan. It analyses the movies Memento (2000), Inception (2010) and Tenet (2020) specifically. The first chapter deals with what is exactly postmodernism, provides a short historic overview and depicts some of the key characteristics of postmodern film, especially in relation to Nolan's filmography. Moreover it explains how Christopher Nolan incorporates many postmodernist traits in his work and provides an overview of some definitions regarding the unreliable narration and what it really is. It moves on to analyse the characteristics of puzzle-films, which are typical of Nolan’s filmography. In the following three chapters, it provides a thorough analysis of the unreliable narrator in the aforementioned movies, making also some comparisons between them. Lastly, it offers conclusion in regard to everything analysed.Ovaj rad bavi se nepouzdanim pripovjedačem te nepouzdanim narativnim strukturama u filmografiji Christophera Nolana. Posebno analizira filmove Memento (2000), Početak (2010) i Tenet (2020). Prvo poglavlje bavi se time što je zapravo postmodernizam, daje kratki povijesni pregled i prikazuje neke od bitnih karakteristika postmodernog filma, s posebnih naglaskom na Nolanovu filmografiju. Štoviše, objašnjava kako Christopher Nolan uključuje mnoga postmodernistička obilježja u svoj rad i daje pregled nekih definicija vezanih za nepouzdano pripovijedanje i što ono zapravo jest. Nastavlja se s analizom karakteristika takozvanih puzzle filmova, tipičnih za Nolanovu filmografiju. U iduća tri poglavlja daje temeljitu analizu nepouzdanog pripovjedača u prethodno spomenutim filmovima, pritom dajući i neke njihove međusobne usporedbe. Na kraju nudi zaključak temeljen na svemu prethodno analiziranom
The Positive and Negative Aspects of Economic Globalization
No full textEkonomski aspekt globalizacije, koji je iznimno važan, uključuje smanjenje ili ukidanje barijera u međunarodnoj trgovini, što potiče integraciju država. Informacijsko doba ubrzalo je ovaj proces, rezultirajući većom međusobnom ovisnošću zemalja. Ekonomska globalizacija označava sve veću povezanost svjetskih ekonomija, a brži transport i komunikacije omogućili su tvrtkama da se aktivno uključe u prekograničnu trgovinu. Globalizacija olakšava protok ljudi, kapitala, proizvoda, usluga, znanja, tehnologije i informacija među narodima, dok optimizira raspodjelu proizvodnih resursa. Ekonomska integracija obuhvaća kako robne, tako i uslužne sektore. Robna integracija uključuje proizvodnju i prodaju proizvoda na međunarodnoj razini, dok uslužna integracija podrazumijeva veću mobilnost radne snage i rast međunarodnih usluga. Ovaj proces značajno se ubrzao u drugoj polovici 20. stoljeća i nastavlja rasti. Primjeri ekonomske globalizacije uključuju rast multinacionalnih kompanija, internacionalizaciju tržišta kapitala, premještanje proizvodnje u zemlje s nižim troškovima, kao i povećanu mobilnost radne snage. Ovaj fenomen donosi brojne prednosti, poput jeftinije robe i povećanja blagostanja, ali i nedostatke, kao što su gubitak radnih mjesta u razvijenim zemljama i negativan utjecaj na okoliš. Iako se ekonomska globalizacija odvija stoljećima, njezin je rast u posljednjim godinama ubrzan liberalizacijom trgovine i bržim komunikacijama, što nas vodi u sve više integrirano i međusobno ovisno globalno gospodarstvo.The economic aspect of globalization, which is extremely important, involves the reduction or elimination of barriers to international trade, which encourages the integration of countries. The information age has accelerated this process, resulting in greater interdependence of countries. Economic globalization means the increasing connection of the world's economies, and faster transport and communications have enabled companies to actively engage in crossborder trade. Globalization facilitates the flow of people, capital, products, services, knowledge, technology and information among nations, while optimizing the allocation of productive resources. Economic integration includes both goods and service sectors. Merchandise integration includes the production and sale of products on an international level, while service integration implies greater labor mobility and the growth of international services. This process accelerated significantly in the second half of the 20th century and continues to grow. Examples of economic globalization include the growth of multinational companies, the internationalization of capital markets, the relocation of production to countries with lower costs, as well as increased labor mobility. This phenomenon brings numerous advantages, such as cheaper goods and increased well-being, but also disadvantages, such as the loss of jobs in developed countries and a negative impact on the environment. Although economic globalization has been going on for centuries, its growth has been accelerated in recent years by the liberalization of trade and faster communications, which leads us to an increasingly integrated and interdependent global economy
The effect of cultural differences on compensation efficiency in modern organizations
No full textU ovom diplomskom radu istražiti će se na koji način kulturološke razlike i faktori koji iz toga proizlaze utječu na percepciju i djelotvornost kompenzacijskih sustava u poduzećima i organizacijama diljem svijeta. Dakle, tu će se prvobitno govoriti o tome kako sva suvremena poduzeća, suočavajući se s raznolikošću radne snage i globalizacijom, moraju prilagoditi, te oblikovati vlastite kompenzacijske strategije da bi bila djelotvorna pod utjecajem raznolikih kulturnih konteksta. Kultura u značajnoj mjeri oblikuje percepciju o vrijednosti, pravednosti i motivaciji zaposlenih u povezanosti s kompenzacijama, čineći razumijevanje istih ključnim za učinkovit menadžment. Nadalje, istražiti će se uloga kulturoloških razlika u oblikovanju samih kompenzacijskih strategija, analizirati način pristupa kompenzacijama u raznoraznim zemljama diljem čitavog svijeta te objasniti kako različite kompenzacijske strategije utječu na zadržavanje i motiviranje zaposlenika. Polazište je usmjereno na činjenici da sva uspješna poduzeća i organizacije trebaju u svoje poslovanje implementirati kompenzacijske strategije koje u obzir uzimaju kulturološke razlike, s obzirom da isto može u značajnoj mjeri utjecati na samo zadovoljstvo i motivaciju zaposlenika, te dugoročni uspjeh u poslovanju, bez obzira na to koje je područje poslovanja u pitanju.This thesis will explore how cultural differences and the factors arising from them influence the perception and effectiveness of compensation systems in companies and organizations worldwide. The focus will initially be on how all modern companies, when faced with workforce diversity and globalization, must adapt and shape their compensation strategies to be effective in diverse cultural contexts. Culture significantly shapes perceptions of the value, fairness, and motivation of employees in relation to compensation, making the understanding of these factors crucial for effective management. Furthermore, the role of cultural differences in shaping compensation strategies will be examined, the approaches to compensation in various countries around the world will be analyzed, and how different compensation strategies impact employee retention and motivation will be explained. The premise is based on the fact that all successful companies/organizations need to implement compensation strategies that take cultural differences into account, as this can significantly influence employee satisfaction and motivation, as well as long-term business success, regardless of the field of business
Work-family conflict in different age groups
No full textPosljednjih godina dolazi do naglog porasta broja obitelji s dvoje hranitelja, samohranih roditelja, te kućanstava koja uključuju druge angažmane, poput suživota sa starijim članovima obitelji (Bennett i sur., 2017). Promjenama na radnom mjestu, kao i sve većim zahtjevima izvan radnog mjesta, dolazi do sve veće rasprostranjenosti konflikta obiteljske i radne uloge. Odnos posla i obitelji dinamičan je i recipročan (Huang i sur., 2004), a sukob obiteljske i radne uloge često je istaknut kao jedan od glavnih stresora na radnom mjestu koji zatim dovodi do raznih negativnih ishoda (Keratepe i Tekinkus, 2006). Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi razlike u sukobu obiteljske i radne uloge kod različitih dobnih skupina, razlike u strategijama suočavanja sa stresom s obzirom na dobne skupine, te povezanost sukoba obiteljske i radne uloge s obzirom na dominantni stil suočavanja sa stresom. U istraživanju su korišteni upitnik sociodemografskih podataka, te Upitnik suočavanja sa stresnim situacijama Endlera i Parkera (CISS) i Skala konflikta radne i obiteljske uloge (Netemeyer i sur., 1996). U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 334 sudionika u dobi od 19 do 63 godine. Sudionici su prema životnoj dobi podijeljeni u 3 skupine prema istraživanju Matthews i suradnika (2010), odnosno rana odrasla dob (18 do 28 godina), srednja odrasla dob (29 do 44 godina) i starija odrasla dob (45 godina i stariji). U istraživanju nije utvrđena razlika u sukobu ‘obitelj-rad’ ili sukobu ‘rad-obitelj’između različitih dobnih skupina (rana, srednja, i starija odrasla dob). Međutim, utvrđena je značajna razlika u načinu suočavanja sa stresom, pri čemu je kod sudionika najmlađe skupine češće suočavanje izbjegavanjem, dok za suočavanje usmjereno na emocije i suočavanje usmjereno na problem nije utvrđena razlika. Također, utvrđena je povezanost načina suočavanja sa stresom i sukoba ‘obitelj-rad’ ili sukoba ‘rad-obitelj’.In recent years, there has been a large increase in the number of families with two „breadwinners“, single parents, and households that include other engagements, such as living together with older family members (Bennett et al., 2017). Changes in the workplace, as well as increasing demands outside the workplace, lead to an increasing spread of conflict between family and work roles. The work-family relationship is dynamic and reciprocal (Huang et al., 2004), and the conflict between family and work roles is often highlighted as one of the main stressors in the workplace, which then leads to various negative outcomes, such as impaired well-being (Keratepe and Tekinkus, 2006). The aim of this research was to determine the differences in the conflict between family and work roles in different age groups, differences in coping strategies on different age groups and the connection between the conflict between family and work roles with regard to the dominant style of coping with stress. The research used a sociodemographic data questionnaire, the Endler and Parker Coping with Stressful Situations Questionnaire (CISS) and the Work-Family Conflict Scale (Netemeyer et al., 1996). 334 subjects between the ages of 19 and 63 took part in the research. According to Matthews et al. (2010) study, the participants were divided into 3 groups based on their age, namely early adulthood (18 to 28 years), middle adulthood (29 to 44 years) and older adulthood (45 and older). The research did not establish a difference in the 'family-work' conflict or the 'workfamily' conflict between different age groups (early, middle, and older adulthood). However, a significant difference was found in the way of coping with stress, with avoidance coping being more common in the youngest group of respondents, while no difference was found for emotion-focused coping and problem-focused coping. Also, the connection between the way of coping with stress and the "family-work" conflict or the "work-family" conflict was established
Neologisms of the coronavirus era in Russian media
No full textSvakodnevni život za vrijeme trajanja pandemije koronavirusa ogleda se, prije svega, u rječniku ruskog jezika. S vremenom se pojavljuju neologizmi stvoreni prema postojećim pravilima i načinima tvorbe riječi ruskog jezika. Glavno je pitanje istraživanja koji se tvorbeni načini najčešće koriste za stvaranje neologizama tijekom pandemije. U teoretskom dijelu rada razmatraju se razlozi nastanka i uloga medija kao glavnog posrednika u rasprostranjivanju neologizama koji su se pojavili u razmatranom razdoblju, kada se jezik značajno obogatio mnoštvom novih leksičkih jedinica. Obrađuju se suvremeni načini tvorbe riječi i njihove klasifikacije u kontekstu teorijske neologije. Istraživanje se temelji na analizi neologizama koronavirusne epohe i primjerima njihove upotrebe u širokom prostoru ruskih medija. U procesu istraživanja razmatran je niz novih riječi u ruskom jeziku, a neologizmi odabrani iz materijala pronađenih u medijskom prostranstvu analizirani su prema načinu tvorbe riječi i ovisno o tome podijeljeni u tri skupine: posuđenice, tvorbeni i semantički neologizmi. Najplodotvornije riječi bile su riječi ковид, коронавирус i корона jer su se pokazale najproduktivnijim osnovama za stvaranje novotvorenica. Zaključak je istraživanja da tvorbeni neologizmi nastali afiksacijom i slaganjem čine najbrojniju skupinu neologizama nastalih u doba pandemijeThe everyday life during the coronavirus pandemic is reflected, first and foremost, in the vocabulary of the Russian language. The neologisms that have appeared in Russian were created according to the existing rules and models of word formation. The main question of this research is which word formation methods were most frequently used in the process of creating neologisms during the pandemic. The theoretical part of the thesis discusses the issues of the emergence of these neologisms and role of the media as the main intermediary in the diffusion of neologisms that appeared during the coronavirus era, when the language was significantly enriched with numerous lexical units. The contemporary methods of word formation and their classifications are considered in the context of theoretical neology. The research is based on the analysis of neologisms of coronavirus era and examples of their usage in the broad sphere of Russian media. In the research process, a wide range of new words in the Russian language was examined, and the neologisms selected from materials found in the media were analyzed according to their word formation method. Furthermore, the neologisms were categorized into three groups, depending on the word formation method that defines them: borrowings, wordformation neologisms, and semantic neologisms. The most productive words of the analyzed era were ковид, коронавирус and корона as they proved to be the most productive bases for the creation of new words. The conclusion of the research is that word-formation neologisms created through affixation and compounding constitute the largest group of neologisms that emerged during the pandemic
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No full textDiese Masterarbeit untersucht die Übersetzung juristischer Begriffe aus dem Deutschen ins Kroatische, mit einem Fokus auf terminologische und funktionale Äquivalenz. Die Analyse basiert auf dem Roman Der Fall Collini von Ferdinand von Schirach, wobei 52 juristische Begriffe in sechs Kategorien unterteilt wurden. Der theoretische Rahmen folgt Kollers Äquivalenztheorie und die funktionale Äquivalenz von Šarčević. Ziel war es, die Genauigkeit der Übersetzung und die Anpassung der juristischen Konzepte an das kroatische Rechtssystem zu bewerten. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der Übersetzer sowohl die denotative als auch die funktionale Äquivalenz weitgehend bewahrt hat, obwohl Unterschiede aufgrund der unterschiedlichen Rechtstraditionen in Deutschland und Kroatien festgestellt wurden. Effektive Übersetzungsstrategien beinhalteten Anpassungen und deskriptive Methoden, um Klarheit und Präzision zu gewährleisten. Abschließend hebt diese Arbeit die Bedeutung des Verständnisses des rechtlichen Kontexts bei der Übersetzung juristischer Texte hervor. Die juristische Übersetzung ist nicht nur eine sprachliche Herausforderung, sondern erfordert auch ein tiefes Verständnis beider Rechtssysteme. Die Ergebnisse betonen die Rolle der terminologischen und funktionalen Äquivalenz als wesentliche Bestandteile einer qualitativ hochwertigen juristischen Übersetzung. Darüber hinaus weist die Analyse auf die Notwendigkeit weiterer Forschung im Bereich der juristischen Übersetzung hin, insbesondere im Kontext der zunehmenden internationalen rechtlichen Kommunikation.Ovaj diplomski rad istražuje prijevod pravnih pojmova s njemačkog na hrvatski jezik, s fokusom na terminološku i funkcionalnu ekvivalenciju. Analiza se temelji na romanu Der Fall Collini Ferdinanda von Schiracha, s 52 pravna pojma podijeljena u šest kategorija. Teorijski okvir prati Kollerovu teoriju ekvivalencije i Šarčevićinu funkcionalnu ekvivalenciju. Cilj je bio procijeniti točnost prijevoda i prilagodbu pravnih koncepata hrvatskom pravnom sustavu. Rezultati pokazuju da je prevoditelj u velikoj mjeri očuvao denotativnu i funkcionalnu ekvivalenciju, premda su uočene razlike zbog različitih pravnih tradicija u Njemačkoj i Hrvatskoj. Učinkovite strategije prevođenja uključivale su prilagodbe i deskriptivne metode kako bi se zadržala jasnoća i preciznost. Zaključno, ovaj rad naglašava važnost razumijevanja pravnog konteksta pri prevođenju pravnih tekstova. Pravni prijevod nije samo lingvistički izazov, već zahtijeva duboko poznavanje oba pravna sustava. Rezultati ističu ulogu terminološke i funkcionalne ekvivalencije kao ključnih elemenata visokokvalitetnog pravnog prijevoda. Nadalje, analiza ukazuje na potrebu za daljnjim istraživanjima u prevođenju pravnih tekstova, posebno u kontekstu sve veće međunarodne pravne komunikacije.This thesis examines the translation of legal terms from German to Croatian, focusing on terminological and functional equivalence. The analysis is based on Ferdinand von Schirach's novel Der Fall Collini, with 52 legal terms grouped into six categories. The theoretical framework follows Koller's equivalence theory and Šarčević's functional equivalence. The aim was to evaluate the accuracy of the translation and how well the legal concepts were adapted to the Croatian legal system. The findings show that the translator largely preserved both denotative and functional equivalence, although differences were noted due to the distinct legal traditions in Germany and Croatia. Effective translation strategies included adaptations and descriptive methods to maintain clarity and precision. In conclusion, this thesis highlights the importance of understanding the legal context in translating legal texts. Legal translation is not only a linguistic challenge but also requires a deep knowledge of both legal systems. The results emphasize the role of terminological and functional equivalence as essential components of high-quality legal translation. Furthermore, the analysis points to the need for continued research in legal translation, especially in the context of increasing international legal communication