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The Relationship between Classroom Management Styles, Classroom Discipline, and Classroom Atmosphere from the Teacher's Perspective
No full textOvaj rad analizira različite stilove upravljanja razredom i njihovu povezanost s disciplinom i učeničkim ponašanjem. Polazište analize su istraživanja Lewina, Lippitta i Whitea (1939), koji su definirali tri osnovna stila vođenja: autoritarni, demokratski i laissez-faire. Ova podjela je postala temelj za mnoge kasnije studije i kategorizacije stilova vođenja u obrazovanju. Istraživanje naglašava važnost razumijevanja ovih stilova i njihove primjene u pedagoškoj praksi. Autoritarni stil osigurava visoku kontrolu i disciplinu, ali može izazvati otpor među učenicima. Demokratski stil potiče suradnju i aktivno sudjelovanje učenika, stvarajući pozitivnu atmosferu za učenje. Laissez-faire stil, s druge strane, može dovesti do manjka discipline zbog minimalne intervencije nastavnika. Cilj rada je identificirati i analizirati dominantne stilove upravljanja razredom te ispitati povezanost održavanja discipline i kvalitetu interakcije između nastavnika i učenika. Rad također ispituje povezanost različitih stilova s izazovima koje nastavnici susreću u održavanju discipline, kao i socio-demografske čimbenike koji mogu utjecati na odabir i učinkovitost tih stilovaThis research analyzes different classroom management styles and their relationship with discipline and student behavior. The starting point of the analysis is the research by Lewin, Lippitt, and White (1939), who defined three basic leadership styles: authoritarian, democratic, and laissez-faire. This classification has become the foundation for many subsequent studies and categorizations of leadership styles in education. The research emphasizes the importance of understanding these styles and their application in pedagogical practice. The authoritarian style ensures high control and discipline but may provoke resistance among students. The democratic style encourages cooperation and active student participation, creating a positive learning environment. The laissez-faire style, on the other hand, may lead to a lack of discipline due to minimal teacher intervention. The aim of this research is to identify and analyze the dominant classroom management styles and examine the connection between maintaining discipline and the quality of interaction between teachers and students. The research also explores the relationship between different styles and the challenges teachers face in maintaining discipline, as well as the socio-demographic factors that may influence the selection and effectiveness of these style
Steel materials for ship structure and their protection against corrosion
No full textDanas gotovo da i nema privredne grane u kojoj se ne koriste kovine. Kovine su zahvaljujući svojim izvrsnim osobinama čvrstoće, elastičnosti, otpornosti prema habanju, provodljivosti topline i elektriciteta i dr. zauzeli mjesto najvažnijeg konstrukcijskog elementa. Međutim kovinski predmeti nisu vječni jer se s vremenom troše na različite načine. Jedan od najčešćih i najvažnijih oblika razaranja kovinskih materijala je korozija. Korozija nanosi vrlo velike štete gospodarstvu. Iako je točan iznos jako teško izračunati prema nekim procjenama šteta iznosi, samo na proizvodima crne metalurgije, i do 10% ukupne proizvedene količine. Prema drugim procjenama godišnja štetu od korozije u brodarstvu iznosi i do 15% štete od ukupne proizvodnje crne metalurgije [1]. Ukupnu štetu nastalu uslijed korozije treba dijeliti na izravne troškove (troškovi zamjene korodiranih dijelova, izrada novih dijelova i ugradnja, održavanje i zaštita prilikom upotrebe itd.) te na neizravne troškove (troškovi nastali uslijed povlačenja sredstava iz upotrebe, gubitak brzine broda i povećana potrošnja goriva zbog obraštanja i korozije podvodnog dijela broda, zagađenje tereta od produkta korozije itd.). Troškovi gradnje i održavanja broda se povećavaju i s time što se dijelovi predimenzioniraju [2]. Nastajanje korozije se ne može potpuno spriječiti ali se korozijski procesi mogu održavati na određenom stupnju kontroleToday, there is almost no industry in which metals are not used. Thanks to their excellent properties of strength, elasticity, resistance to wear, heat and electricity conductivity, etc., metals have taken the place of the most important structural element. However, metal objects are not eternal. They wear out over time in different ways. One of the most common and important forms of destruction of metal materials is corrosion. Corrosion causes very large damages to the economy. Although the exact amount is very difficult to calculate, according to some estimates, the damage amounts to up to 10% of the total produced quantity, only on ferrous metallurgy products. According to other estimates, the annual damage from corrosion in shipping is up to 15% of the damage from the total production of ferrous metallurgy. The total damage caused by corrosion should be divided into direct costs (costs of replacing corroded parts, manufacturing and installation of new parts, maintenance and protection during use, etc.) and indirect costs (costs resulting from the withdrawal of assets from use, loss of ship speed and increased fuel consumption due to fouling and corrosion of the underwater part of the ship, cargo pollution from corrosion products, etc.). Costs also increase as parts become oversized. The formation of corrosion cannot be completely prevented, but corrosion processes can be maintained at a certain level of control
The Romanesque Painting School of Split
No full textIkone i raspela imaju značajnu ulogu unutar kršćanske vjere i čine važan element liturgijskog obreda, naročito u procesijskim obredima štovanja. Prikazi Bogorodice s Djetetom, prisutni u inventarima mnogih crkava, govore o raširenosti i važnosti štovanja Bogorodičina kulta, naročito nakon sabora u Efezu 431. godine. Tijekom 13. stoljeća najučestaliji ikonografski tip bio je tip Bogorodice Glykofilouse. Raspela su u to vrijeme također bila važan dio crkvene opreme, ali su danas rijetko sačuvana. Međutim, unatoč malom broju sačuvanih primjeraka iz 13. stoljeća, kako u Europi tako i u našim krajevima, danas ipak stječemo uvid u pojedine aspekte likovne i duhovne klime toga vremena. Na području Dalmacije sačuvano je desetak romaničkih slika Bogorodice s Djetetom te nekoliko raspela, posebice na području Zadra i Splita. U slikarstvu 13. stoljeća na području srednje Dalmacije ponajviše se ističu radovi takozvane splitske romaničke slikarske škole. Nju je prvi definirao Cvito Fisković nakon što je uočio određene sličnosti na pojedinim splitskim umjetninama, među kojima su raspelo iz crkve Sv. Klare u Splitu i slika Bogorodice s Djetetom iz crkve Sv. Stjepana na Sustipanu (Gospa od Sustipana) te Bogorodica s Djetetom iz crkve Gospe od Zvonika (Gospa od Zvonika), kojima je kasnije pridružena i slika Bogorodice s Djetetom iz crkve Gospe od Žnjana (Gospa od Žnjana). Pod pretpostavkom da je riječ o školi, a ne radionici, navedenoj grupi slika moguće je pridružiti i Bogorodicu s Djetetom iz hvarske katedrale.Icons and crucifixes play an important role in the Christian faith and form an important element of liturgical rites, especially in processional rites of worship. Depictions of the Virgin and Child, present in the inventories of many churches, speak of the spread and importance of the cult of the Virgin, especially after the Council of Ephesus in 431. During the 13th century, the most common iconographic type was the Virgin Glykofilousa. Crucifixes were also an important part of church equipment at that time, but they are rarely preserved today. However, despite the small number of preserved copies from the 13th century, both in Europe and in our region, today we still gain an insight into certain aspects of the artistic and spiritual climate of that time. A dozen Romanesque paintings of the Virgin and Child and several crucifixes have been preserved in Dalmatia, especially in the area of Zadar and Split. In 13th century painting around the area of central Dalmatia, the works of the so-called Romanesque Painitng School of Split stand out the most. It was first defined by Cvito Fisković after he noticed certain similarities in certain works of art from Split, among which were Crucifixion of the Poor Clares in Split and the paintings of the Virgin and Child from the church of St. Stephen on Sustipan (Our Lady of Sustipan) and the Virgin and Child from the church of Our Lady of Belfry (Our Lady of Belfry), which were later joined by the painting of the Virgin and Child from the church of Our Lady of Žnjan (Our Lady of Žnjan). Assuming that it is a school and not a workshop, it is possible to add the Virgin and Child from the Hvar Cathedral to the mentioned group of paintings
Cooperation of key participants in the process of educational inclusion as an assumption for quality implementation
No full textZa provedbu kvalitetne inkluzije trebaju se ispuniti svi potrebni preduvjeti kao što su osiguravanje prikladne okoline, zadovoljavanje potreba svih pojedinaca te kvalitetan timski rad među stručnjacima. Važno je naglasiti kako postoje stručnjaci različitih profila i važan je doprinos od svakog pojedinačno kako bi se nešto promijenilo. Cilj ovoga diplomskog rada je kvalitativan prikaz iskustva, stavova i razmišljanja učitelja razredne i predmetne nastave te stručnih suradnika i pomoćnika u nastavi o kvaliteti provedbe inkluzije učenika s teškoćama u razvoju. Metoda koja je korištena u istraživanju je polustrukturirani intervju. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 12 osoba ženskog spola zaposlenih u različitim osnovnim školama na području Zadarske županije. Rezultati istraživanja s učiteljima, stručnim suradnicima i pomoćnicom u nastavi o kvaliteti provedbe inkluzije učenika s teškoćama u razvoju idu u prilog potrebe za mijenjanjem sustava obrazovanja iako se akteri inkluzije trude prilagoditi suvremenom dobu i različitim potrebama djece. Sudionici istraživanja navode različite čimbenike koje je potrebno promijeniti i poboljšati radi kvalitetnijeg rada i općenitog zadovoljstva poslom na kojem odgojno-obrazovni djelatnici provode velik dio dana.For the successful implementation of quality inclusion, all necessary prerequisites need to be fulfilled, such as ensuring an appropriate environment, meeting the needs of all individuals, and effective teamwork among professionals. It is important to emphasize that there are specialists from various fields, and each one's contribution is crucial to making a difference. The aim of this thesis is to provide a qualitative overview of the experiences, attitudes, and thoughts of class and subject teachers, professional associates, and teaching assistants regarding the quality of inclusion of students with developmental disabilities. The method used in the research is a semi-structured interview. The study involved 12 female participants employed in different primary schools in the Zadar County area. The research results with teachers, professional associates, and a teaching assistant regarding the quality of inclusion of students with developmental disabilities support the need for changes in the education system, even though the inclusion participants strive to adapt to modern times and the diverse needs of children. The study participants pointed out various factors that need to be changed and improved for more effective work and overall job satisfaction, considering that educational professionals spend a significant part of their day at work
Religious education of children with developmental disabilities
No full textDjecu s posebnim potrebama možemo razvrstati u dvije skupine, a to su djeca s teškoćama i darovita djeca. Potrebe djece s teškoćama razlikuju se sukladno vrstama teškoća s kojima se susreću a te teškoće mogu biti posljedica oštećenja vida, oštećenja sluha, poremećaja govora, jezika i glasa, sniženih intelektualnih sposobnosti, poremećaja iz autističnog spektra, motoričkih poremećaja i kroničnih bolesti, poremećaja pažnje uz hiperaktivnost, poremećaja u ponašanju i specifičnih teškoća učenja. Zakonom je propisano da djeca s teškoćama imaju pravo na individualizirani pristup u obrazovanju te se procjenom njihovih potreba utvrđuje na koji im je način potrebno pristupiti. Za djecu s teškoćama vrlo je bitna inkluzija koja ističe da svatko pripada društvu i na svoj mu način pridonosi te ne implicira da su svi jednaki niti da se svi slažu, već stvara novi odnos prema svemu što je različito. Navedeno čini inkluziju optimalnim načinom uz pomoć kojeg se djeci s teškoćama pruža prilika da bez ograničenja okoline razvijaju svoje sposobnosti i interese te da se osjećaju ravnopravnim sudionicima iste. Temeljni je cilj inkluzije kreiranje socijalnog okruženja u kojem će se djeca s teškoćama osjećati ravnopravno. Postoji niz metoda podučavanja koje se nastoje prilagoditi djeci s teškoćama i ostvariti cilj inkluzije koji podrazumijeva kreiranje socijalnog okruženja u kojem će se djeca s teškoćama osjećati ravnopravnim i biti uključena u sve aktivnosti odgojno-obrazovnog sustava. Postoje i brojni modeli kateheze koji djeci s teškoćama olakšavaju sudjelovanje u procesu odgoja u vjeri i kasnijem sudjelovanju u župnoj zajednici. Za provođenje metoda poučavanja tih modela nastave vjeroučitelji/katehete moraju posjedovati određeni nivo obrazovanja i određene kompetencije. Suradnja svih sudionika zajednice ima ključnu ulogu u inkluziji djeteta s teškoćama.Children with special needs can be classified into two groups: children with disabilities and gifted children. The needs of children with disabilities differ according to the types of difficulties they face. These difficulties can be the result of visual impairment, hearing impairment, speech, language and voice disorders, reduced intellectual disabilities, autistic spectrum disorders, motor disorders and chronic illnesses, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, behavioural disorders and specific learning difficulties. By law, children with disabilities have the right to an individualised approach to education, and it is further determined how they should be approached through assessing their needs. Inclusion is very important for children with disabilities, which emphasises that everyone belongs to society and contributes to it in their own way and does not imply that everyone is equal or that everyone agrees, but rather creates a new attitude towards everything that is different. This makes inclusion the optimal way through which children with disabilities are given the opportunity to develop their abilities and interests without the limitations of the environment and to feel like they are equal participants. The fundamental goal of inclusion is to create a social environment in which children with disabilities feel equal. There are several teaching methods that seek to be adapted to children with disabilities and achieve the goal of inclusion, which involves creating social surroundings where children with disabilities feel equal and included in all activities of the education system. There are numerous models of catechesis that facilitate the inclusion of children with disabilities in religious upbringing in the parish community and their later involvement in the parish community. In order to implement these teaching methods and curriculum models, religion teachers/catechists must possess an appropriate level of education and specific competencies. The collaboration of all members of the religious community plays a key role in the inclusion of children with disabilities
Study of the Frottage Technique as Imagination Stimulus in Students
No full textU ovom diplomskom radu fokus će biti na likovnoj tehnici frotaž i na tome kako ona utječe na imaginaciju i kreativnost kod djece u osnovnoj školi. Frotaž je likovna tehnika između slike i grafike koja se koristi na način da se olovkom, pastelom, ugljenom, grafitom ili kredom trlja po tankom papiru položenom preko predmeta (npr. list, školjka, reljef) tako da se na papiru načini otisak oblika i teksture.. Prvi ga je upotrijebio njemački slikar te jedan od začetnika nadrealizma—Max Ernst. Nadrealizam je umjetnički pokret kojeg ističe i karakterizira izražavanje apsurdnog te onog nesvjesnog na način koji je čudesan i poput nečega iz snova. Kroz nadrealizam, baš kao i kroz samu tehniku frotaža na koju se ovaj rad fokusira, potreba za maštom i imaginacijom dolaze do velikog izražaja. Razvijanje takvih kreativnih sposobnosti od iznimne je važnosti za djecu jer ih potiče da budu otvorena uma, pronalaze inovativna rješenja te razvija divergentno mišljenje već od malih nogu. Upravo zato će se, u ovom diplomskom radu, istražiti utjecaj tehnike frotaž na kreativnost i imaginaciju kod učenika osnovne škole.This thesis will focus on the artistic technique of frottage as well as how it affects imagination and creativity in children. Frottage is an art technique lying between drawing and graphics that is used by rubbing pensil, charcoal, pastel, graphite or crayon over a thin paper laid on top of an object (e.g. a leaf, shell, or relief) in the way that highlights the object's texture. It was first used by the German painter and the co-founder of Surrealism—Max Ernst. Surrealism is an artistic movement characterized by expressing the absurd and the unconscious in a wondrous and dream-like manner. Through Surrealism, just like frottage itself, creativity and the need for imagination are a key focus. The development of such creative skills is of great importance for children because it encourages them to be open minded, look for innovative solutions and develops divergent thinking from early childhood. That is precisely why this thesis will explore the impact of the frottage technique on creativity and imagination of primary school students
Characteristics and elements of ship pipelines
No full textBrodski cjevovodi koriste se za transport različith fluida brodske službe poput morske i slatke vode, maziva, goriva i drugih fluida. Normalno funkcioniranje uređaja na brodu nije moguće bez složene mreže cjevovoda koji su, samim time, jako važni za svaki brod. Još od starog vijeka su razvijeniji narodi, poput Grka i Rimljana, primjenjivali provođenje medija, a s vremenom su se razvijali i ugrađivali suvremeniji brodski strojevi i uređaji te su brodovi postajali sve više opremljeni brodskim cjevovodima. Međunarodne konvencije zahtijevale su sve veće stupnjeve sigurnosti na moru zbog čega je došlo do povećanja kompleknosti brodskih cjevovoda, a razvojem tehnologije i automatizacije cijevarske grane razvijeni su i poboljšani strojevi za obradu cijevi. Temeljna svrha ovoga završnoga rada jest prikazivanje i pojašnjenje karakteristika brodskih cjevovoda, njihove podjele te načina funkcioniranja. Pored toga, naglašeni su i elementi brodskih cjevovoda koji su navedeni i detaljno opisani, njihov princip rada, kao i važnost samih cjevovoda. Kao najvažniji rezultati i zaključci rada mogu se izdvojiti činjenice da su brodski cjevovodi ključan dio svakog broda, a isti su odgovorni za transport tekućina i plinova unutar broda, uključujući gorivo, vodu, ulje, zrak i druge potrebne fluide za različite sustave broda. Svaki cjevovod ima svoju namjenu te upravo o tome ovisi od čega će biti izrađeni, a često su opremljeni ventilima, pumpama i mjerilima kako bi se omogućila kontrola protoka, pritiska i temperature u različitim segmentima sustava.Ship pipelines are used to transport various ship service fluids such as sea and fresh water, lubricants, fuel and other fluids. The normal functioning of the devices on the ship is not possible without a complex network of pipelines, which are therefore very important for every ship. Since ancient times, more developed nations, such as the Greeks and Romans, used fluid transportation, and over time, more modern ship machines and devices were developed and installed, and ships became more and more equipped with ship pipelines. International conventions demanded greater safety at sea, which led to an increase in the complexity of ship's pipelines, and with the development of technology and automation of the pipe industry came improved machines for processing pipes. The main purpose of this final work is to show and clarify the characteristics of ship's pipelines, their division and way of functioning. In addition, the elements of ship's pipelines are also emphasized, which are listed and described in detail, as well as their principle of operation and their importance for pipelines. As the most important results and conclusions of the work, one can point out the fact that ship pipelines are a key part of every ship, and they are responsible for the transport of liquids and gases onboard the ship, including fuel, water, oil, air and other necessary fluids for various ship systems. Each pipeline has its own function, and it depends on what it will be made of, and they are often equipped with valves, pumps and gauges to enable control of flow, pressure and temperature in different segments of the system
Kontrastivna analiza engleskih i ruskih somatskih frazema
No full textThis master’s thesis was written with a purpose to provide contrastive analysis of English and Russian somatic phrasemes. In the main focus of the first part of thesis is the analysis of connotational meaning of selected pairs of somatic idioms in English and Russian languages. Firstly, phraseology as a study and main characteristics of phraseological units are presented, as well as types of phraseological unit. Following part puts lexical meaning and defining somatic phrasemes in focus. Main analysis was divided into three subchapters, each one representing one out of three major groups of somatic phrasemes (head, extremities, and inner organs). Finally, lexical and morphological analysis was provided in order to determine to which category selected idioms belong to: full equivalents, partial equivalents, and zero equivalents.Ovaj diplomski rad ima za cilj prikazati kontrastivnu analizu engleskih i ruskih somatskih idioma. U prvom dijelu rada fokus je stavljen na analizu konotacijskog značenja odabranih somatskih idioma na engleskom i ruskom jeziku. Prvo je predstavljena frazeologija kao znanost, opisane su glavne značajke frazeoloških jedinica te je prikazana podjela frazeoloških jedinica. Glavni dio rada podijeljen je na tri dijela. Svaki dio predstavlja jednu od tri glavnih skupina somatskih idioma (glavu, udove i unutarnje organe). U drugom dijelu rada provedena je leksička i morfološka analiza kako bi se odabrani idiomi svrstali u potpune ekvivalente, djelomične i nulte
Traditional Vocal Singing of the Lika Region
No full textU ovom diplomskom radu istražuje se tradicijsko vokalno pjevanje u Lici, regiji smještenoj u središnjem dijelu Hrvatske. Fokus je na povijesnom razvoju, karakteristikama i društvenom značaju vokalnog izraza ovog područja. Rad se temelji na terenskom istraživanju, analizi dostupne literature i intervjuima s lokalnim nositeljima tradicije. Prvi dio rada bavi se povijesnim kontekstom i razvojem vokalnog pjevanja u Lici, uključujući utjecaje migracija, ratova i socijalnih promjena. Drugi dio analizira glazbene karakteristike ličkog pjevanja. Treći dio rada istražuje društvenu ulogu vokalnog pjevanja u lokalnoj zajednici, naglašavajući njegovu funkciju u očuvanju identiteta, običaja i rituala. Rad također razmatra suvremene izazove i perspektive očuvanja ove tradicije u kontekstu modernizacije i globalizacije.This thesis examines traditional vocal singing in Lika, a region located in the central part of Croatia. The focus is on the historical development, characteristics and social significance of the vocal expression of this area. The work is based on field research, analysis of available literature and interviews with local tradition bearers. The first part of the paper deals with the historical context and development of vocal singing in Lika, including the influences of migrations, wars and social changes. The second part analyzes the musical characteristics of personal singing. The third part of the paper investigates the social role of vocal singing in the local community, emphasizing its function in preserving identity, customs and rituals. The paper also considers the contemporary challenges and perspectives of preserving this tradition in the context of modernization and globalization
Exploiting loopholes in network protocols and protecting computer networks
No full textKrajem 20-og stoljeća dolazi do široke primjene Internet tehnologije u društvu. Komercijalizacijom informatičke opreme dolazi do značajnog pada cijena informatičke opreme čime ista postaje dostupna i privatnim korisnicima. Masovno korištenje informatičke opreme dovodi do razvoja Interneta u svrhu brze povezanosti i izrade raznih informativnih sadržaja koji su brzo dostupni. Rastom podataka na Internetu dolazi do potrebe za povećanjem brzine i propusnosti prijenosa podataka te razvojem kvalitetnije mrežne opreme te izradom raznih protokola koji omogućuju opremi funkcioniranje bez potrebe za intervencijom stručnjaka pri kvaru pojedinog segmenta mreže ili pojedinog djela mrežne opreme. Općom dostupnosti Interneta dolazi do zlouporabe istog za iskorištavanje raznih sigurnosnih propusta u protokolima i aplikacijama. U ovom radu opisujemo radni okvir Yersinia koji služi za provjeru i iskorištavanje propusta u nekim protokolima koji se koriste pri radu mrežne opremeAt the end of the 20th century, Internet technology was widely used in society. The commercialization of IT equipment leads to a significant drop in prices of IT equipment, which makes it available to private users as well. The mass use of IT equipment leads to the development of the Internet for the purpose of fast connection and the creation of various informational contents that are quickly available. With the growth of data on the Internet, there is a need to increase the speed and bandwidth of data transmission and to develop better quality network equipment and create various protocols that enable the equipment to function without the need for expert intervention in the event of failure of a particular segment of the network or a particular part of the network equipment. Due to the general availability of the Internet, it is misused to exploit various security flaws in protocols and applications. In this paper, we describe the Yersinia framework that is used to check and exploit vulnerabilities in some protocols used in the operation of network equipment