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The development of the Split school system from the establishment of the second Austrian administration to the school laws of 1869
No full textDalmacija je tijekom svoje bogate prošlosti bila pod utjecajem različitih kultura i civilizacija. Odlazak višestoljetne mletačke uprave krajem osamnaestog stoljeća označio je novi korak za ovu pokrajinu. Jedan od faktora koji je predstavljao problem novim državnim vlastima bio je školski sustav. Stoljetno ignoriranje i nerazvijenost obrazovnog sustava natjeralo je francusku upravu da posegne za određenim reformama. Zbog svoje kratkotrajne vladavine, njihove ideje se nisu implementirale u školske ustanove. Stoga je nova austrijska vlast primijenila određene promjene koje su trebale podići školski sustav na višu razinu. Iako su promjene bile neznatne tijekom prve polovice devetnaestog stoljeća, dalmatinsko školstvo je doživjelo napredak i razvoj u drugoj polovici stoljeća. Zasluge za to se mogu pripisati narodnom preporodu u Hrvatskoj koji je svoje temelje pronašao upravo u školama.During its rich past, Dalmatia was influenced by different cultures and civilizations. The departure of the centuries-old Venetian administration at the end of the eighteenth century marked a new step for this province. One of the factors that presented a problem to the new state authorities was the school system. Centuries of ignoring and underdevelopment of the education system forced the French administration to reach for certain reforms. Due to their short-lived rule, their ideas were not implemented in school institutions. Therefore, the new Austrian government implemented certain changes that were supposed to raise the school system to a higher level. Although the changes were minor during the first half of the nineteenth century, Dalmatian education experienced progress and development in the second half of the century. Credit for this can be attributed to the national revival in Croatia, which found its foundations precisely in schools
The Rechnitz massacre as a motif in contemporary literature
No full textDie Stadt Rechnitz wurde nicht nur zum historischen, sondern auch zum literarischen Motiv der Massaker und der Suche nach Gerechtigkeit für die in der NS-Zeit Getöteten. Obwohl es historische Fakten darüber gibt, dass das Massaker stattgefunden hat, ohne Beweise, z. B. Massengräber, können diese leider weder bewiesen noch widerlegt werden. Auf zweivöllig unterschiedliche literarischen Weisen behandelt Sacha Batthyány das Thema des Massakers von Rechnitz im Buch Und was hat das mit mir zu tun? und die Nobelpreisträgerin Elfriede Jelinek im Drama Rechnitz (der Würgeengel) (uraufgeführt 2008). Durch sein autobiografisches Werk versucht Batthyány, die Wahrheit über seine Familie herauszufinden, aber auch die Wahrheit über das Ereignis selbst, das jahrelang in seiner Familie verborgen blieb. Batthyány beginnt mit der Recherche und authentischen Charakteren, die an dem Verbrechen beteiligt waren. Dabei handelt es sich in erster Linie um seine Tante Margit, die öffentlich als Beteiligte an der Begehung des auf ihrem Anwesen begangenen Verbrechens genannt wird. Andererseits kritisiert, ironisiert und zeigt Jelinek durch die Dialoge und Monologe der Boten und Botinnen auf grausame Weise die Schauplätze des Massakers in Rechnitz. Jelinek geht es mehr um die Benennung von Verbrechen und Verbrechern. Sie strebt nach Gerechtigkeit, spricht aber auch von der Unmöglichkeit, diese zu finden.Grad Rechnitz postao je ne samo povijesni, nego i književni motiv masakra i traženja pravde za ubijene u vrijeme nacizma. Iako postoje povijesne činjenice da se masakr dogodio, bez dokaza, odnosno masovnih grobnica one se nažalost ne mogu dokazati, ali niti pobiti. Tematikom masakra u Rechnitzu na dva književno različita načina bave se Sacha Batthyány u knjizi Und was hat das mit mir zu tun? i nobelovka Elfriede Jelinek u drami Rechnitz (Anđeo uništenja) (praizvedba 2008). Batthyány pokušava kroz autobiografsko djelo pronaći istinu svoje obitelji, ali i istinu samog događaja koji se godinama u njegovoj obitelji tajio. Batthyány polazi od istraživačkog dijela i autentičnih likova koji su aktivno sudjelovali u zločinu. Prvenstveno se to odnosi na njegovu tetku Margit koja se javno spominje da je sudjelovala u počinjenju zločina, koji se dogodio na njezinom imanju. S druge strane Jelinek kroz dijaloge i monologe glasnika i glasnica kritizira, ironizira i na jedan surov način prikazuje scene počinjenja masakra u Rechnitzu. Jelinek se više bavi prozivanjem zločina i imenovanjem zločinaca. Ona traži pravdu, ali govori i o nemogućnosti njenog dostizanja.The city of Rechnitz became not only a historical but also a literary motif of massacres and the search for justice for those killed during the Nazi era. Although there are historical facts that the massacre took place, without evidence, i.e. mass graves, they unfortunately cannot be proven, nor can they be disproved. Sacha Batthyány deals with the subject of the massacre in Rechnitz on two completely different literary kinds in his book Und was hat das mit mir zu tun? and the Nobel laureate Elfriede Jelinek in her drama Rechnitz (Angel of Destruction) (first performance 2008). Through his autobiographical novel Batthyány tries to find out the truth about his family, but also the truth of the event itself, which was hidden in his family for years. Batthyány starts from the research part and the authentic characters who took part in the crime. This primarily refers to his aunt Margit, who is publicly mentioned as having participated in the commission of the crime that took place on her estate. On the other hand, through the dialogues and monologues of the male and female messengers, Jelinek criticizes, ironizes, and shows the scenes of the massacre in Rechnitz in a cruel way. Jelinek is more concerned with naming crimes and naming criminals. She seeks justice but also talks about the impossibility of its fulfillment
Connection between rhythm coordination, flexibility and balance in children of early school age
No full textDiplomski rad naslovljen Povezanost koordinacije u ritmu, fleksibilnosti i ravnoteže kod djece rane školske dobi, istražuje utjecaj plesa, posebno hip hopa, na razvoj motoričkih sposobnosti djece rane školske dobi, uključujući koordinaciju u ritmu, fleksibilnost i ravnotežu. Provedeno istraživanje obuhvatilo je uzorak djece koja su sudjelovala u plesnim aktivnostima, te je utvrđeno da djeca uključena u ples postižu značajno bolje rezultate u testovima motoričkih sposobnosti u usporedbi s vršnjacima koji nisu sudjelovali u dodatnim sportskim aktivnostima. Ples je pokazao pozitivan utjecaj na poboljšanje koordinacije u ritmu, fleksibilnosti i ravnoteže, te također doprinosi psihološkom i socijalnom razvoju djece. Ovi rezultati podržavaju uključivanje plesnih aktivnosti u školski kurikulum i svakodnevne aktivnosti djece. Ples ne samo da poboljšava fizičke sposobnosti, već potiče i cjelokupan razvoj djece, uključujući kreativnost, samopouzdanje i timski duh. Preporučuje se daljnje istraživanje specifičnih učinaka različitih plesnih stilova na motorički razvoj djece.The thesis titled Connection between rhythm coordination, flexibility, and balance in children of early school age explores the impact of dance, particularly hip hop, on the development of motor skills in children of early school age, including rhythm coordination, flexibility, and balance. The conducted research included a sample of children who participated in dance activities and found that children involved in dance achieved significantly better results in motor skills tests compared to their peers who did not engage in additional sports activities. Dance has shown a positive impact on improving rhythm coordination, flexibility, and balance, and also contributes to the psychological and social development of children. These results support the inclusion of dance activities in the school curriculum and children's daily routines. Dance not only enhances physical abilities but also promotes the overall development of children, including creativity, self-confidence, and teamwork. Further research on the specific effects of different dance styles on children's motor development is recommended
Migration experiences of Filipino workers in Croatia
No full textOvaj rad analizira migracijska iskustva filipinskih radnika/ca u Hrvatskoj, s posebnim fokusom na njihove motive za migraciju, iskustva u tranzitnim zemljama te prilagodbu u novom radnom i kulturnom okruženju. Cilj ovog istraživanja je opisati i razumjeti migrantske putanje filipinskih radnika/ca u Hrvatskoj u kontekstu donošenja odluke o migraciji i resursa potrebnih za migraciju. Istraživanje je provedeno metodom polustrukturiranog intervjua s četiri filipinska/e radnika/ce koji žive i rade na području Dalmacije. Tematska analiza provedenih intervjua pokazuje da financijski razlozi predstavljaju dominantan motiv za migraciju, a uočena je i snažna potreba za pružanjem financijske potpore obitelji na Filipinima. Ipak, iskustva u tranzitnim zemljama poput Katara, Omana, Saudijske Arabije i Ujedinjenih Arapskih Emirata često su obilježena teškim radnim uvjetima i kulturnim različitostima zbog kojih nerijetko strani radnici/e migriraju u europske zemlje. Dolazak u Hrvatsku donosi pozitivne promjene u kvaliteti života, ali radnici/e se suočavaju s izazovima poput jezičnih i komunikacijskih prepreka te složenih administrativnih postupaka. Međutim, ostatak filipinske zajednice u Hrvatskoj pruža značajnu socijalnu i emocionalnu podršku, dok religija ostaje ključan izvor snage i utjehe u stranom okruženju. Iz razgovora sa sugovornicima/ama očita je želja za povratkom na Filipine, ali taj plan često ovisi o ostvarenju financijskih ciljeva. Zaključno, istraživanje naglašava složenost migrantskih putanja koje su oblikovane financijskim, kulturnim, društvenim i osobnim čimbenicima. Ovi rezultati sugeriraju potrebu za širim razumijevanjem migrantskih putanja, uzimajući u obzir međuodnos brojnih faktora koji utječu na odluke migranata o njihovim budućim destinacijama.This paper analyzes the migration experiences of Filipino workers in Croatia, with a particular focus on their motives for migration, experiences in transit countries, and adaptation to a new work and cultural environment. The aim of this research is to describe and understand the migration pathways of Filipino workers in Croatia in the context of decision-making and the resources needed for migration. The research was conducted using semi-structured interviews with four Filipino workers living and working in the Dalmatian region. The thematic analysis of the interviews shows that financial reasons represent the dominant motive for migration, with a strong need to provide financial support to families in the Philippines. However, experiences in transit countries such as Qatar, Oman, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates are often marked by difficult working conditions and cultural differences, leading foreign workers to frequently migrate to European countries. The move to Croatia brings positive changes in the quality of life, but workers face challenges such as language and communication barriers and complex administrative procedures. Nonetheless, the Filipino community in Croatia offers significant social and emotional support, while religion remains a key source of strength and comfort in a foreign environment. Conversations with the interviewees reveal a desire to return to the Philippines, but this plan often depends on achieving financial goals. In conclusion, the research highlights the complexity of migration pathways shaped by financial, cultural, social, and personal factors. These findings suggest the need for a broader understanding of migration pathways, taking into account the interplay of numerous factors influencing migrants' decisions about their future destinations
Systematic field survey methodology of the karst landscape on the example of the Trogir hinterland
No full textSustavni terenski pregled predstavlja skup raznolikih tehnika i teorijskih koncepata usmjerenih holističkom proučavanju arheološkog krajolika. Temeljna paradigma sustavnog terenskog pregleda je ujednačeno i kontrolirano prekrivanje čitave površine pregleda precizno definiranim jedinicama pregleda. Arheološki se zapis promatra kao prostorno kontinuirani fenomen, a oslanjanje na artefakt kao osnovnu analitičku jedinicu podrazumijeva znatno širu percepciju koncepta arheološkog nalazišta te uvažava nalaze izvan nalazišta kao značajnu komponentu arheološkog zapisa. U skladu s tim konačni cilj sustavnog terenskog pregleda nije pronalaženje novih nalazišta već izrada karte opće distribucije svih arheoloških pojava kontinuirano kroz promatrani prostor čije varijacije u distribuciji i frekventnosti pružaju precizan uvid u dinamiku korištenja šireg prostora. Rad nastoji prikazati implementaciju metodologije sustavnog terenskog pregleda za detektiranje varijabilnosti površinskog arheološkog zapisa u kontekstu krškog krajolika na primjeru šireg prostora sela Bristivice u zaleđu grada Trogira u Dalmaciji. Krški krajolik zbog svoje geomorfološke heterogenosti kao i intenzivne ljudske intervencije u njegovom stvaranju predstavlja značajne izazove za standardne pristupe provedbe sustavnog terenskog pregleda. U skladu s tim, prikazana metodologija u osnovi se oslanja na teorijske i metodološke okvire razvijene na širem prostoru Mediterana, ali predstavlja njihovu svojevrsnu modifikaciju i prilagodbu specifičnim karakteristikama istraženog krajolika.A systematic field survey represents a set of diverse techniques and theoretical concepts aimed at the holistic study of the archaeological landscape. The fundamental paradigm of a systematic field survey is the uniform and controlled coverage of the entire survey surface with precisely defined survey units. The archaeological record is considered as spatially continuous, and the reliance on the artifact as the basic analytical unit implies a much broader perception of the concept of the archaeological site and recognizes the significance of off-site archaeological finds. Accordingly, the final goal of a systematic field survey is the mapping of the distribution of all archaeological phenomena continuously throughout the observed area, whose variations in distribution and frequency provide insight into the dynamics of the landscape use. The paper presents the implementation of a systematic field survey in the karstic landscape of the village Bristivica in the Trogir hinterland. The karst landscape, its geomorphological heterogeneity and intensive human intervention in its creation, present significant challenges for standard systematic field survey approaches. The presented survey relies on theoretical and methodological frameworks developed in the wider area of the Mediterranean, but also represents their modification and adaptation to the specific characteristics of the investigated landscape
Patients lifestyle after miocardial infarction
No full textInfarkt miokarda je odumiranje srčanog mišića, koje se razvija zbog djelomičnog ili potpunog začepljenja koronarnih krvnih žila. Razlog nastanka okluzije na koronarnim arterijama, koje srce kao mišić opskrbljuju hranjivim tvarima i kisikom je ateroskleroza. Rizični čimbenici koji pospješuju koronarnu bolest su: pretilost, visok krvni tlak, šećerna bolest, povišena razina kolesterola i triglicerida u krvi, pušenje, konzumiranje alkohola u većim količinama. Simptomi infarkta miokarda su: jaka bol u prsima sa širenjem u vrat i donju vilicu, te obje ruke i leđa, mučnina, nelagoda, preznojavanje. Postavljanje dijagnoze infarkta miokarda je pomoću promjena koje nastaju na elektrokardiografskom zapisu (EKGu), simptomima i na temelju kliničke slike. Opasnost kod infarkta srca je pojava nagle maligne srčane aritmije ili iznenadne smrti. Liječenje infarkta miokarda je pomoću lijekova koji otapaju ugrušak (fibrinolitici), otvaranje koronarne arterije stentom (koronarografija) ili operacijom na srcu (premosnice). Životne navike pacijenata trebaju biti usmjerene na prestanak pušenja, zdravu prehranu. U početku nakon preboljelog infarkta miokarda potrebno je izbjegavati tjelesno opterećenje. Od iznimne je važnosti uzimanje lijekova po preporuci kardiologa. Acetilsalicilna kiselina spriječava nastajanje novog infarkta.Myocardial infarction is the death of the heart muscle, which develops due to partial or complete blockage of the coronary blood vessels. The cause of the occlusion of the coronary arteries, which supply the heart as a muscle, with nutrients and oxygen is atherosclerosis. Risk factors that promote coronary heart disease are: obesity, high blood pressure, diabetes, elevated cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the blood, smoking, consuming alcohol in large quantities. Symptoms of myocardial infarction are: severe chest pain spreading to the neck and lower jaw, both arms and back, nausea, discomfort, sweating. The diagnosis of myocardial infarction is based on the changes that occur on the electrocardiographic record (ECG), symptoms and on the basis of the clinical picture. The risk in a heart attack is the occurrence of a sudden malignant cardiac arrhythmia or sudden death. Myocardial infarction is treated with drugs that dissolve the clot (fibrinolytics), re-opening of the coronary artery with a stent (coronary angiography) or heart surgery (bypass). Patients' lifestyles should be aimed ar quitting smoking and eating healthy. In the beginning, after a myocardial infarction, it is necessary to avoid physical exertion. It is extremely important to take medication as recommended by a cardiologist. Acetylsalicylic acid prevents a new heart attac
Attitude of employed citizens of the Republic of Croatia on the (non)working Sunday
No full textOvaj diplomski rad bavio se stavovima zaposlenih građana u Hrvatskoj o radu nedjeljom. To je veoma važna i aktualna tema koja je povezana sa svakim aspektom života. Nakon što je više puta bila odbijana, napokon je odobrena. U radu se ispitivala se povezanost stavova o posljedicama neradnih nedjelja, ulozi Crkve i građana sa sociodemografskim podatcima i podatcima o radnom vremenu na trenutačnom poslu kojeg obavljaju. Korištena metoda bila je anketa, a provela se u lipnju 2023. godine, odnosno, prije samog donošenja odluke o 16 radnih nedjelja tijekom godine. Populacija za ovo istraživanje bili su zaposleni građani, a u uzorak je na kraju ušlo 274 ispitanika. Višestrukom regresijskom analizom odgovorili smo na 5 postavljenih istraživačkih pitanja i dobili rezultate. Kada govorimo o tome tko više podržava neradne nedjelje, u našem slučaju su to religiozne žene i osobe koje imaju stav da se građane premalo uključuje u ovakve odluke. Nadalje, osobe koje su religioznije više podupiru veću religijsku ulogu u radnom zakonodavstvu te oni ispitanici koji imaju stav da fiksan slobodan dan onemogućuje obavljanje privatnih poslova tijekom tjedna smatraju da treba biti više građanske autonomije u odlučivanju pitanja koji se ponajprije tiču kvalitete njihovog života.This graduate thesis dealt with the attitudes of working citizens in Croatia about Sunday work. A very important and current topic that is connected to absolutely every aspect of life and which, after several attempts at rejection, was finally approved. The paper examined the connection between attitudes about the consequences of non-working Sundays, the role of the church and citizens with socio-demographic data and data on working hours at their current job. The method used was a survey, and it was conducted in June 2023, that is, before the actual decision on 16 working Sundays during the year. The population for this research was employed citizens, and the sample eventually included 274 respondents. Using multiple regression analysis, we answered 5 research questions and obtained results. When we talk about who is more supportive of non-working Sundays, in our case it is women who are more religious and people who hold the view that citizens are too little involved in such decisions. Furthermore, people who are more religious support a greater religious role in labor legislation, and those respondents who hold the view that a fixed day off makes it impossible to do private work during the week believe that there should be more civil autonomy in deciding issues that primarily concern the quality of their life
Čudovišnost u Lovecraftijanskom Hororu
No full textH. P. Lovecraft, a seminal figure in horror fiction, created monsters that reflect deepseated fears and societal anxieties. This thesis begins with a historical overview of monstrous depictions, revealing how they symbolize societal fears and taboos. In Ancient Greece and Rome, monstrous births were seen as divine retributions and met with severe actions. The Renaissance shifted this perception, using monsters for political propaganda. The 19th century saw a scientific approach, with teratology studying congenital abnormalities, normalizing previously monstrous forms. Lovecraft's "weird tales" depart from traditional horror, invoking fear of the unknown. His monsters, unlike traditional ones, often defy natural forms and create a sense of cosmic horror. This thesis applies J. J. Cohen's 7 monster theses to analyse Lovecraft's stories like "The Call of Cthulhu" and "The Shadow over Innsmouth," highlighting how his monsters embody early 20th-century anxieties about race, immigration, and economic instability. Cohen's theses provide a framework through which Lovecraft's monsters can be analysed through the perspective of culture. The analysis underscores that Lovecraft's monsters, through their bizarre and otherworldly nature, serve as cultural symbols reflecting the collective fears and societal issues of his time.Lovecraft, ključna figura horor fikcije, stvorio je čudovišta koja odražavaju duboko ukorijenjene strahove i društvene tjeskobe. Ovaj završni rad započinje povijesnim pregledom prikaza čudovišta, otkrivajući kako ona simboliziraju društvene strahove i tabue. U staroj Grčkoj i Rimu, monstruozna rođenja su se smatrala božanskim kaznama i bila su suočena s ozbiljnim posljedicama. Renesansa je promijenila ovu percepciju, koristeći čudovišta za političku propagandua, a 19. stoljeće donijelo je znanstveni pristup, s teratologijom koja je proučavala urođene abnormalnosti, normalizirajući prethodno monstruozne oblike. Lovecraftove "čudne priče" odstupaju od tradicionalnog horora, izazivajući strah od nepoznatog. Njegova čudovišta, za razliku od tradicionalnih, često se protive prirodnim oblicima i stvaraju osjećaj kozmičkog horora. Ova teza primjenjuje sedam teza o čudovištima J.J. Cohena, kako bi analizirala Lovecraftove priče poput "The Call of Cthulhu" i "The Shadow over Innsmouth", naglašavajući kako njegova čudovišta utjelovljuju tjeskobe ranog 20. stoljeća o rasi, imigraciji i ekonomskoj nestabilnosti. Cohenove teze pružaju okvir kroz koji se Lovecraftova čudovišta mogu analizirati iz perspektive kulture. Analiza naglašava da Lovecraftova čudovišta, kroz svoju bizarnu i vanzemaljsku prirodu, služe kao kulturni simboli koji odražavaju kolektivne strahove i društvene probleme njegovog vremen
Teacher's perception of determinants and fields of cooperation with pedagogues
No full textTema ovog rada je suradnja između nastavnika i pedagoga u školskom sustavu, naglašavajući njihovu ključnu ulogu u sveobuhvatnom razvoju učenika. Nastavnici i pedagozi predstavljaju temelj obrazovnog procesa i važni su za socijalni i emocionalni razvoj učenika. Nastavnici prilagođavaju svoj pristup kako bi zadovoljili individualne potrebe učenika, dok pedagozi podržavaju njihovu emocionalnu stabilnost i pomažu u prevladavanju izazova. Istraživanje pokazuje da trenutna suradnja često pati zbog reaktivnog modela, gdje se pedagozi uključuju tek kada se pojave problemi. Pedagozi su preopterećeni administrativnim zadacima, što ograničava njihovu aktivnu ulogu u svakodnevnim školskim aktivnostima i sprečava sustavnu suradnju s nastavnicima. Ova suradnja je najčešće ograničena na situacije s poteškoćama kod učenika ili prilagodbu nastavnog programa, dok u drugim slučajevima izostaje, što stvara dojam nedostatka koordinacije. Rad naglašava potrebu za promjenama u organizaciji rada pedagoga i nastavnika te jačanje uloge ravnatelja u poticanju suradnje. Ravnatelji trebaju aktivno promovirati suradnju i osigurati adekvatne resurse. Također, potrebno je povećati priznanje za rad nastavnika i pedagoga te jasnije regulirati odnose s roditeljima kako bi se smanjili nesporazumi i osigurala bolja podrška učenicima. Zaključno, rad ističe potrebu za sustavnim promjenama u suradnji između nastavnika i pedagoga. Jasnije definiranje uloga, veća uključenost ravnatelja, poboljšanje suradnje kroz cijelu školsku godinu i bolja komunikacija s roditeljima ključni su za stvaranje pozitivnog obrazovnog okruženja koje pruža kontinuiranu i konstruktivnu podršku učenicima. Implementacija predloženih promjena može poboljšati učinkovitost suradnje i obrazovnu atmosferu, čime će se doprinositi boljoj kvaliteti obrazovnog procesa i uspjehu učenika. Dodatna istraživanja su svakako nužna za sticanje cjelovitijeg uvida u izazove i prilike za poboljšanje u različitim školskim sredinama.The topic of this thesis is the cooperation between teachers and pedagogues in the school system, emphasizing their key role in the comprehensive development of students. Teachers and pedagogues represent the foundation of the educational process and are important for the social and emotional development of students. Teachers adapt their approach to meet the individual needs of students, while pedagogues support their emotional stability and help them overcome challenges. Research shows that current collaboration often suffers from a reactive model, where pedagogues only get involved when problems arise. Pedagogues are overloaded with administrative tasks, which limits their active role in daily school activities and prevents systematic cooperation with teachers. This cooperation is most often limited to situations with difficulties for students or adaptation of the curriculum, while in other cases it is absent, which creates the impression of a lack of coordination. The research emphasizes the need for changes in the organization of the work of pedagogues and teachers and strengthening the role of principals in encouraging cooperation. Principals should actively promote cooperation and provide adequate resources. It is also necessary to increase recognition for the work of teachers and pedagogues and to regulate relations with parents more clearly in order to reduce misunderstandings and ensure better support for students. In conclusion, this thesis highlights the need for systematic changes in cooperation between teachers and pedagogues. Clearer definition of roles, greater involvement of principals, improvement of cooperation throughout the school year and better communication with parents are key to creating a positive educational environment that provides continuous and constructive support to students. The implementation of the proposed changes can improve the efficiency of cooperation and the educational atmosphere, which will contribute to the better quality of the educational process and the success of students. Additional research is certainly necessary to gain a more complete insight into the challenges and opportunities for improvement in different school environments
The impact of loyalty programs on purchasing decision-making in retail
No full textProgrami vjernosti postaju sve popularniji, kako u Republici Hrvatskoj, tako i na globalnoj razini. Također predstavljaju jednu od ključnih strateških odluka koje maloprodajni trgovci mogu donijeti. Zbog sve veće strateške važnosti, programi vjernosti predmetom su sve većeg istraživanja. Radom se istražuju strateški učinci programa vjernosti na donošenje odluka o kupovini proizvoda u maloprodaji. Cilj rada jest istražiti utjecaj programa vjernosti na potrošačevu odluku o kupnji proizvoda u maloprodaji te dodatno ispitati postoje li razlike u individualnim karakteristikama ispitanika s obzirom na korištenje programa vjernosti, percepciju važnosti te učestalost korištenja programa vjernosti. Marketinški stručnjaci prilikom analize učinaka programa vjernosti na donošenje odluke o kupnji pronalaze u teoriji ponašanja potrošača, a koja proučava što, kako i gdje kupci donose odluke o kupnji. Razni čimbenici oblikuju ponašanje potrošača, a mogu se svrstati u kulturalne, socijalne, osobne i psihološke. Osim razumijevanja tih čimbenika, marketinški stručnjaci trebaju biti upoznati i s procesom donošenja odluka o kupnji, koji započinje prepoznavanjem potreba i završava postkupovnim ponašanjem. Programi vjernosti predstavljaju važan strateški alat za upravljanje odnosima s kupcima (CRM). Oni omogućuju, između ostalog, nagrađivanje lojalnosti kupca za ponovljenu kupnju, dok za tvrtku predstavljaju bogat izvor informacija o kupcu koje marketinški stručnjaci koriste za profiliranje tržišta te prilagođavanje marketinške ponude, odnosno stvaranje vrijednosti za kupca. Programi vjernosti s toga su sredstvo putem kojeg se stvaraju i održavaju dugoročni, profitabilni odnosi s kupcima. Različiti su ciljevi zbog kojih se programi vjernosti mogu implementirati u poslovanju, a oni mogu biti razvoj lojalnosti kupaca, privlačenje novih kupaca, izgradnja baze podataka, pružanje podrške ostalim odjelima poduzeća, uspostava komunikacije s kupcima, itd. Nadalje, provedeno je primarno istraživanje putem ankete, kojim su ispitani stavovi i navike potrošača u vezi s programima vjernosti u maloprodaji.Loyalty programs are becoming increasingly popular, both in the Republic of Croatia and globally. They also represent one of the key strategic decisions that retail merchants can make. Due to their growing strategic importance, loyalty programs have become the subject of increasing research. This paper investigates the strategic effects of loyalty programs on purchasing decisions in retail. The aim of the paper is to examine the impact of loyalty programs on consumers' purchasing decisions in retail, and to further explore whether there are differences in the individual characteristics of respondents regarding the use of loyalty programs, the perception of their importance, and the frequency of their use. Marketing experts find support in consumer behavior theory when analyzing the effects of loyalty programs on purchasing decisions, which studies what, how, and where consumers make purchasing decisions. Various factors shape consumer behavior, which can be categorized into cultural, social, personal, and psychological groups. In addition to understanding these factors, marketing experts need to be familiar with the purchasing decision-making process, which begins with the recognition of needs and ends with post-purchase behavior. Loyalty programs represent an important strategic tool for customer relationship management (CRM). Among other things, they enable rewarding customer loyalty for repeated purchases, while for the company, they provide a rich source of information about the customer, which marketing experts use for market profiling and tailoring marketing offers, thus creating value for the customer. Consequently, loyalty programs are a means through which long-term, profitable relationships with customers are created and maintained. There are various goals for which loyalty programs can be implemented in business, including the development of customer loyalty, attracting new customers, building a database, supporting other company departments, establishing communication with customers, and more. Furthermore, a primary study was conducted through a survey, which examined consumer attitudes and habits regarding loyalty programs in retail