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Mirila
No full textMirila predstavljaju kamene spomenike minulim dušama koje nalazimo na području sjevernog i srednjeg Jadrana, a svojom se očuvanošću ističu mirila južnog Velebita. U većini su slučajeva smještena jedno do drugog, na istaknutim mjestima planinskih obronaka. Gradili su ih stanovnici ljetnih pastirskih stanova koji su svoje preminule morali prenositi do lokalnog groblja na obali, prilikom čega bi se na jednom točno određenom mjestu zaustavili u svrhu odmora povorke i gradnje mirila. Pokojnik položen na tlo i izmjeren s pomoću dva kamena dobio bi svoje mjesto na koje se njegova namirena duša mogla vraćati bez uznemiravanja živih. Uzglavno je kamenje često ukrašavano urezivanjem solarnih motiva ili križeva, dok se na onima mlađeg datuma javljaju natpisi. Predstavljaju jedinstvenu tradicijsku kulturno-povijesnu i umjetničku baštinu te su 2007. godine zaštićena kao nematerijalno kulturno dobro Republike Hrvatske.Mirila are stone monuments to departed souls found in the area of the northern and central Adriatic, and the mirila of southern Velebit stand out for their preservation. In most cases, they are located next to each other, in prominent places on the mountain slopes. They were built by the residents of summer shepherds' apartments who had to transport their deceased to the local cemetery on the coast, during which they would stop at a specific place for the purpose of resting the procession and building mirila. The deceased, laid on the ground and measured with two stones, would receive his place where his contented soul could return without disturbing the living. Headstones are often decorated with engravings of solar motifs or crosses, while inscriptions appear on those of a younger date. They represent a unique traditional cultural-historical and artistic heritage and were protected as an intangible cultural asset of the Republic of Croatia in 2007
Trogir: Social and Urbanistic Image of the Medieval City
No full textRazvoj grada Trogira kao zajednice, kroz srednji vijek detaljnije se prati od 11. stoljeća, a može se reći da završava početkom druge polovine 15. stoljeća kada grad dolazi pod vlast Mletačke republike; odnosno kada se znatno promijenila prostorna, društveno – politička i demografska slika grada. Kroz srednji vijek grad je pretrpio razna razaranja, osvajanja, bolesti, iseljavanja i doseljavanja stanovništva. Svi ti događaji oblikovali su grad koji je ustrajao u svojim težnjama za razvojem i svojom slobodom bez obzira na razna politička stanja i mijenjanja. Društveni i urbanistički aspekt Trogira se zajedno razvijaju i vrše međusobni utjecaj. Srednjovjekovni Trogir razvija se u skladu sa okolinom i mogućnostima, ali i u skladu sa brojem građana, njihovim potrebama, kao i obranom grada. Srednjovjekovni grad se razvijao u skladu sa društvenim, političkim i gospodarskim razlozima zbog kojih su se poticale promjene u prostoru, sadržaju i funkciji. Trogir je imao burnu prošlost, posebice tokom ‘mračnog’ srednjeg vijeka te su veliku ulogu u stvaranju grada imala razna povijesna zbivanja, ali i sami građani koji su živjeli u Trogiru. Posebice je bitan utjecaj Crkve. Promjene u srednjovjekovnom Trogiru ovisile su o onima koji su imali vlasništvo ili jurisdikciju nad nekretninama, objektima i pučanstvom. Crkva i bogati plemići su imali za cilj očuvanje i povećanje vlastitog dobra te su se samim time gradile i širile njihove građevine u koje se investiralo te posebno obnavljalo poslije napada.The development of the city of Trogir as a community throughout the Middle Ages is more thoroughly documented from the 11th century. It can be said to conclude at the beginning of the second half of the 15th century when the city came under the rule of the Venetian Republic; that is when the spatial, socio-political, and demographic landscape of the city underwent significant changes. Throughout the Middle Ages, the city endured various destructions, conquests, diseases, migrations, and population movements. All these events shaped a city that persisted in its aspirations for development and freedom, regardless of various political situations and changes. The social and urban aspects of Trogir developed in tandem and exerted mutual influence. Medieval Trogir evolved in harmony with the environment and possibilities, but also in accordance with the number of citizens, their needs, and the defense of the city. The medieval city developed in line with social, political, and economic reasons that prompted changes in space, content, and function. Trogir had a tumultuous past, especially during the 'dark' Middle Ages, and various historical events played a significant role in the city's formation, along with the citizens who lived in Trogir. The influence of the Church is particularly important. Changes in medieval Trogir depended on those who owned or had jurisdiction over properties, buildings, and the population. The Church and wealthy nobles aimed to preserve and increase their wealth, thus constructing and expanding their buildings, which were invested in and specially restored after attacks
Some predictors of the intention to leave the organization of IT sector employees in Croatia
No full textJedan od najvećih izazova IT sektora je zadržavanja zaposlenika (McKnight i sur, 2009). S obzirom da se puno novaca ulaže u zaposlenike, rukovoditelji organizacija pokušavaju spriječiti ili smanjiti stopu napuštanja zaposlenika. Namjera napuštanja organizacije (NNO) smatra se dobrim prediktorom realnog napuštanja organizacije, a kao najznačajniji prediktori te namjere smatraju se zadovoljstvo poslom (ZP) i profesionalno sagorijevanje (PS). Prema Teoriji radnih zahtjeva i resursa (Demerouti i Bakker, 2011), ZP i PS nastaju kao produkti radnih zahtjeva i/ili resursa. Prilikom ispitivanja NNO bitno je zahvatiti i neke individualne faktore, kao što je strast prema poslu. Prema modelu Valleranda i suradnika (2010), kao kognitivni ishod harmonične strasti uzeta je zanesenost poslom, koja se ujedno smatra i osobnim resursom koji štiti od simptoma sagorijevanja i facilitira zadovoljstvo poslom. Nadalje, kao produkt opsesivne strasti prema poslu uzeta je ruminacija koja predstavlja strategiju suočavanja s radnim zahtjevima. Prema tome, cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati odnose kognitivnih ishoda strasti (ruminacije i zanesenosti vezane uz posao), ZP, PS i NNO te ispitati model koji specificira njihove odnose. U online istraživanju sudjelovalo je 240 IT zaposlenika različitih područja rada unutar IT sektora, a ispunjavali su sljedeće mjerne instrumente: Upitnik općih podataka, Upitnik zanesenosti vezane uz posao (Bakker, 2008), Skalu ruminacije vezane uz posao (Cropley i sur., 2012), Upitnik zadovoljstva poslom (Spector, 1985), Oldenburški upitnik sagorijevanja (Demerouti i Bakker, 2008) te Skalu namjere napuštanja organizacije (Konovsky i Cropanzano, 1991). Potvrđeno je zadovoljavajuće pristajanje trofaktorske strukture Skale ruminacije vezane uz posao podacima kao i adekvatne psihometrijske karakteristike skale. Kad je riječ o povezanostima između ispitivanih varijabli utvrđeno je da su sve tri facete zanesenosti (apsorpcija, uživanje, intrinzična motivacija) pozitivno povezane s intrinzičnim i ekstrinzičnim ZP. Također, sve tri facete su negativno povezane s dimenzijama PS (otuđenost i emocionalna iscrpljenost) i s NNO. Kada je riječ o ruminaciji utvrđena je umjereno visoka i negativna povezanost afektivne ruminacije s intrinzičnim i ekstrinzičnim ZP, niska i pozitivna povezanost odvajanja s intrinzičnim i ekstrinzičnim ZP, dok nije utvrđena povezanost između razmišljanja o rješavanju problema i ZP. Nadalje, utvrđena je pozitivna povezanost afektivne ruminacije i dimenzija PS, dok je povezanost odvajanja s tim dimenzijama negativna, a razmišljanje o rješavanju problema je značajno povezano samo s emocionalnom iscrpljenošću, pri čemu je smjer te povezanosti negativan. Jedino je faceta afektivne ruminacije značajno povezana s NNO pri čemu se radi o niskoj i negativnoj korelaciji. Utvrđeno je i da je veće zadovoljstvo plaćom, potencijalnim nagradama, mogućnostima promaknuća, pogodnostima i prirodom posla povezano s manjom NNO. Veće razine emocionalne iscrpljenosti i otuđenosti povezane su s većom NNO. Osim korelacijskih analiza korištena je i analiza traga te je utvrđeno da veća razina afektivne ruminacije doprinosi većoj NNO putem povećanja razine PS, dok veća razina zanesenosti doprinosi manjoj NNO putem smanjenja razine PS. Veća razina zanesenosti doprinosi manjoj NNO putem povećanja razine ZP, dok nije utvrđena značajna medijacijska uloga ZP u povezanosti afektivne ruminacije i NNO. Veća razine ruminacije doprinosi povećanoj razini PS što dalje doprinosi smanjenoj razini ZP, a to doprinosi povećanju NNO. Nadalje, veća razina zanesenosti doprinosi smanjivanju razine PS, što dalje povećava ZP, a to doprinosi smanjenoj NNO. Ovi rezultati naglašavaju vrijednost zanesenosti kao osobnog resursa, odnosno vrijednost načina suočavanja sa zahtjevima posla. Stoga se preporučuje daljnje ispitivanje i integracija istraživanja da bi se ostvario dodatan uvid u odnose promatranih varijabli.One of the biggest challenges of the IT sector is employee retention (McKnight et al, 2009). Given that a lot of money is invested in employees, the managers of organizations try to prevent or reduce the rate of employee turnover. The intention to leave the organization (ILO) is considered a good predictor of actual leaving the organization, and job satisfaction (JS) and professional burnout (PB) are considered the most significant predictors of these intentions. According to the Theory of Work Demands and Resources (Demerouti and Bakker, 2011), JS and PB are created as products of work demands and/or resources. When examining ILO, it is important to capture some individual factors, such as passion for work. According to the model of Vallerand et al. (2010), work-related flow could be taken as the cognitive outcome of harmonious passion, which is also considered a personal resource that protects against symptoms of burnout and facilitates job satisfaction. Furthermore, work-related rumination is viewed as a product of obsessive passion for work, which represents a strategy for coping with work demands. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to examine the relationships between the cognitive outcomes of passion (rumination and flow related to work), JS, PB and ILO, and to examine a model that specifies their relationships. A total of 240 IT employees from different areas of work within the IT sector participated in the online survey, and they filled out the following questionnaires: Questionnaire of general data, Work-related Flow Inventory (Bakker, 2008), Work-related Rumination Scale (Cropley et al., 2012), Job Satisfaction Survey (Spector, 1985), The Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (Demerouti & Bakker, 2008) and the Turnover Intentions Scale (Konovsky & Cropanzano, 1991). Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the three-factor structure of the Work-related Rumination Scale provided an adequate fit to the data and had good psychometric characteristics. Regarding the relationships between the examined variables, it was found that all three facets of flow (absorption, enjoyment, intrinsic motivation) were positively related to intrinsic and extrinsic JS. Also, all three facets were negatively related to the dimensions of PB (disengagement and emotional exhaustion) and to ILO. Furthermore, in the context of rumination, there was a moderately high negative correlation between affective rumination and intrinsic and extrinsic JS and low positive correlation of detachment with intrinsic and extrinsic JS, while no correlation was found between thinking about problem solving and JS. There was a positive relationship between affective rumination and the dimensions of PB, while the relationship between detachment and these dimensions was negative, and thinking about solving problems was significantly related only to emotional exhaustion, negatively. Only the facet of affective rumination was significantly related to ILO, and the correlation was low and negative. Furthermore, greater satisfaction with pay, potential rewards, promotion opportunities, benefits, and job nature were associated with lower ILO. Higher levels of emotional exhaustion and disengagement were associated with higher ILO. In addition to the correlation analyses, a path analysis was also used and it was determined that a higher level of affective rumination contributes to a higher ILO through an increase in the level of PB, while a higher level of flow contributes to a lower ILO through a reduced level of PB. A higher level of flow contributes to lower ILO by increasing the level of JS, while a significant mediation role of JS in the connection between affective rumination and ILO was not determined. Higher levels of rumination contributes to increased levels of PB which further reduces JS, which contributes to increased ILO. Moreover, a higher level of flow contributes to an reduced level of PB, which further increases JS, and this contributes to reduced ILO. These results emphasize the value of flow as an individual resource and ways of coping with job demands. Therefore, further examination and integration of research is recommended to gain additional insight into the relationships of the observed variables
Analysis of the Croatian translation of Emine Sevgi Özdamar's novel Life is a caravanserai
No full textDiese Masterarbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Analyse der kroatischen Übersetzung des Romans Das Leben ist eine Karawanserei, hat zwei Türen, aus einer kam ich rein, aus der anderen ging ich raus, der im Jahr 1992 von der türkisch-deutschen Schriftstellerin Emine Sevgi Özdamar veröffentlicht wurde. Im Jahr 2018 wurde der Roman von der Übersetzerin Slavija Kabić unter dem Titel Život je karavansaraj, ima dvoja vrata, na jedna sam ušla, na druga izišla in die kroatische Sprache übersetzt. In der Einleitung, die gleichzeitig als theoretischer Teil dieser Diplomarbeit dient, wird die literarische Übersetzung vorgestellt, wobei der Schwerpunkt auf der Migrantenliteratur in Deutschland und der Rolle der Gastarbeitergeneration liegt, zu der die Autorin Emine Sevgi Özdamar gehört. Außerdem wird die einzigartige, von der Muttersprache der Autorin beeinflusste Sprache des Romans erörtert sowie ihr Erzählstil, der zum deutsch-türkischen interkulturellen Dialog beiträgt. Im praktischen Teil dieser Arbeit werden sieben Übersetzungsverfahren analysiert, die in dem Buch Stylistique comparée du français et de l'anglais: méthode de traduction vorgestellt und beschrieben werden, das in den Bereichen Linguistik, Literaturtheorie und Übersetzung von besonderer Bedeutung ist. Dieses Werk wurde im Jahr 1958 von zwei französischen Linguisten, Jean-Paul Vinay und Jean Darbelnet, veröffentlicht. Das Buch wurde von Juan C. Sager und M.-J. Hamel unter dem Titel Comparative Stylistics of French and English, a Methodology for Translation in die englische Sprache übersetzt. In der Übersetzung des Romans habe ich insgesamt 40 Beispiele ausgewählt und analysiert, und zwar sieben Beispiele der Entlehnung, fünf Beispiele der Lehnübersetzung, sieben Beispiele der wortgetreuen Übersetzung, fünf Beispiele der Transposition, fünf Beispiele der Modulation, fünf Beispiele der Äquivalenz und sechs Beispiele der AdaptionSredišnja je tema diplomskog rada analiza hrvatskog prijevoda romana pod nazivom Das Leben ist eine Karawanserei, hat zwei Türen, aus einer kam ich rein, aus der anderen ging ich raus kojeg je 1992. godine napisala tursko-njemačka spisateljica Emine Sevgi Özdamar. Roman je 2018. godine na hrvatski jezik prevela prevoditeljica Slavija Kabić pod nazivom Život je karavansaraj, ima dvoja vrata, na jedna sam ušla, na druga izišla. Uvodni dio, koji je ujedno i teorijski dio ovog diplomskog rada, bavi se predstavljanjem književnog prijevoda, a ponajprije migrantskom književnosti u Njemačkoj, te ulogom generacije gastarbajtera kojoj pripada i spisateljica Emine Sevgi Özdamar. Osim toga, predstavljen je neobičan jezik romana, koji je pod utjecajem materinjeg jezika spisateljice, te njezin pripovjedački stil koji predstavlja doprinos tursko-njemačkom interkulturalnom dijalogu. Praktični dio ovoga rada čini analiza sedam prevoditeljskih postupaka koji su predstavljeni i opisani u knjizi Stylistique comparée du français et de l'anglais: méthode de traduction koja je od velikog značaja u poljima lingvistike, književne teorije i prevoditeljstva. Djelo je objavljeno 1958. godine, a autori ovog djela su francuski lingvisti Jean-Paul Vinay i Jean Darbelnet. Knjigu su na engleski jezik preveli Juan C. Sager i M.-J. Hamel pod naslovom Comparative Stylistics of French and English, a Methodology for Translation. U prijevodu romana, izabrala sam i analizirala sveukupno 40 primjera, i to 7 primjera posuđenica, 5 primjera prevedenica, 7 primjera doslovnog prevođenja, 5 primjera transpozicije, 5 primjera modulacije, 5 primjera ekvivalencije i 6 primjera adaptacije.This master thesis focuses on the analysis of the Croatian translation of the novel Life is a caravanserai, has two doors, I came in one, I went out the other, published in 1992 by the Turkish-German writer Emine Sevgi Özdamar. In 2018 the novel was translated into Croatian language by the translator Slavija Kabić under the title Život je karavansaraj, ima dvoja vrata, na jedna sam ušla, na druga izišla. The introductory part, which also serves as the theoretical section of this thesis, deals with the presentation of literary translation, particularly focusing on migrant literature in Germany, and the role of the Gastarbeiter generation to which the writer Emine Sevgi Özdamar belongs. Furthermore, the unique language of the novel influenced by the author's native language is discussed, as well as her narrative style contributing to the Turkish-German intercultural dialogue. The practical part of this thesis comprises the analysis of seven translation procedures presented and described in the book Stylistique comparée du français et de l'anglais: méthode de traduction, which holds significant importance in the fields of linguistics, literary theory, and translation. This work was published in 1958 by the French
linguists Jean-Paul Vinay and Jean Darbelnet. The book was translated into English by Juan C. Sager and M.-J. Hamel under the title Comparative Stylistics of French and English, a Methodology for Translation. In the translation of the novel, I have chosen and analysed a total of 40 examples, including seven examples of borrowing, five examples of loan translation, seven examples of literal translation, five examples of transposition, five examples of modulation, five examples of equivalence and six examples of adaptation
Kontrastivna analiza frazema s bojama u hrvatskom, španjolskom i talijanskom
No full textEl objetivo del presente trabajo fin de master es analizar las unidades fraseológicas con el componente color en croata, español e italiano. En la primera parte del trabajo se presenta el marco teórico relacionado con la fraseología y su objeto de estudio, es decir, las unidades fraseológicas. Se presentan los hechos más importantes sobre la fraseología como disciplina lingüística, sus inicios y los autores más importantes, igual que las características principales de las unidades fraseológicas y su clasificación. La segunda parte del trabajo consta de análisis de 30 unidades fraseológicas con el componente color en croata, español e italiano. Como lengua de partida se eligió el croata, mientras que el análisis se presenta con tablas. Se trata de las UF con el color blanco, negro, rojo, azul, rosa, gris, verde y amarillo. Luego se presenta un análisis contrastivo donde se comparan las UF croatas con sus equivalentes en español e italiano, mostrando las similitudes i diferencias que existen entre esas.The objective of this master's thesis is to analyze phraseological units with the color components in Croatian, Spanish, and Italian. The first part of the thesis presents the theoretical framework related to phraseology and its object of study, namely phraseological units. The thesis contains presentation of the most important facts about phraseology as a linguistic discipline, its origins, and the most significant authors, as well as the main characteristics of phraseological units and their classification. The second part of the thesis consists of an analysis of 30 phraseological units with the color components in Croatian, Spanish, and Italian. Croatian was chosen as the source language, and the analysis is presented using tables. The analyzed phraseological units include colors such as white, black, red, blue, pink, gray, green, and yellow. Afterwards, a contrastive analysis is presented, comparing Croatian phraseological units with their equivalents in Spanish and Italian, highlighting the similarities and differences that exist between them.Cilj ovog diplomskog rada je analizirati frazeme sa sastavnicom boja u hrvatskom, španjolskom i talijanskom jeziku. U prvom dijelu rada predstavljen je teorijski okvir koji se odnosi na frazeologiju i objekt njenog istraživanja, odnosno frazeme. Ističu se najvažnije činjenice vezane za frazeologiju kao lingvističku disciplinu, njeni počeci i najvažniji autori, kao i najvažnija obilježja frazema te njihova klasifikacija. Drugi dio rada sastoji se od analize 30 frazema sa sastavnicom boja u hrvatskom, španjolskom i talijanskom jeziku. Kao polazni jezik izabran je hrvatski, a analiza je predstavljena u obliku tablica. Riječ je o frazemima s bijelom, crnom, crvenom, plavom, rozom, sivom, zelenom i žutom bojom. Zatim je prikazana kontrastivna analiza u kojoj se hrvatski frazemi uspoređuju sa svojim ekvivalentima u španjolskom i talijanskom jeziku, pokazujući sličnosti i razlike među njima
Пространство и время в пьесах А. П. Чехова
No full textOvaj diplomski rad ima za cilj predstaviti analizu književnog vremena i prostora u četirima velikim dramama A. P. Čehova: Galeb, Ujak Vanja, Tri sestre i Višnjik te obratiti pozornost na elemente koji se ponavljaju i na one koji su svojstveni za određeno djelo pri modeliranju književnog vremena i prostora. Prvo poglavlje rada posvećeno je prikazu odabranih studija koje se odnose na teorije prostora i vremena u književnosti i koje služe kao oslonac za analizu. U sljedećem opsežnom poglavlju eklektičnim pristupom provodi se analiza prostora i vremena u navedenim dramama. Poglavlje započinje analizom vremena u drami Galeb, a završava analizom prostora u Višnjiku.This thesis aims to present an analysis of literary time and space in four great plays by A. P. Chekhov: The Seagull, Uncle Vanya, Three Sisters, and The Cherry Orchard, and to pay attention to elements that are recurring and to those that are specific to a certain work when modelling literary time and space. The first chapter of the thesis is dedicated to the presentation of selected works related to the theories of space and time in literature, which serve as a basis for further analysis. In the next extensive chapter, an eclectic approach is used to analyse space and time in the plays. The chapter begins with the analysis of time in The Seagull and ends with the analysis of space in The Cherry Orchard.Целью настоящей дипломной работы является анализ литературного времени и пространства в четырех великих пьесах А. П. Чехова: «Чайка», «Дядя Ваня», «Три сестры» и «Вишневый сад». Кроме того, в фокусе внимания – повторяющиеся элементы, характерные для определенного произведения, и элементы, которые используются при моделировании литературного времени и пространства. В первой главе дипломной работы представлены отобранные теории пространства и времени в литературе, которые служат основой для дальнейшего анализа. В следующей обширной главе эклектичный подход использован для анализа пространства и времени в упомянутых пьесах. Глава начинается с анализа времени в пьесе «Чайка» и заканчивается анализом пространства в «Вишневом садe»
Group therapy as a treatment for psychiatric patients - roles and assignments of bachelor-degree nurse
No full textGrupna terapija u psihijatriji predstavlja važan oblik liječenja za osobe koje se suočavaju s različitim mentalnim poremećajima i emocionalnim izazovima. Uključivanje prvostupnica sestrinstva u terapeutske grupe ima ključnu ulogu u pružanju sveobuhvatne skrbi i podrške bolesnicima. Uloga prvostupnice sestrinstva u grupnoj terapiji psihijatrijskih bolesnika je od iznimne važnosti za postizanje terapijskih ciljeva i poboljšanje kvalitete života bolesnika. To uključuje praćenje bolesnika, olakšavanje komunikacije, edukaciju, podršku, osiguranje sigurnosti bolesnika, organizaciju aktivnosti, promicanje socijalizacije te praćenje nuspojava. Kroz svoj rad, medicinske sestre pomažu bolesnicima da razvijaju bolje razumijevanje sebe i svojih problema te pružaju podršku na putu ka ozdravljenju i povratku u društvo. U ovom radu razmotrit će se uloge i zadaće prvostupnice sestrinstva u grupnoj terapiji psihijatrijskih bolesnika te istaknuti važnost njihovog doprinosa u terapijskom procesu.Group therapy in psychiatry represents an important form of treatment for individuals facing various mental disorders and emotional challenges. Involving bachelor-degree nursing students in therapeutic groups plays a crucial role in providing comprehensive care and support to patients. The role of first-degree nursing students in group therapy for psychiatric patients is of paramount importance in achieving therapeutic goals and improving the quality of patients' lives. Their diverse roles and tasks, including patient monitoring, facilitating communication, education, support, ensuring safety, activity organization, promotion of socialization, and monitoring side effects, contribute to the successful implementation of group therapy. Through their work, nurses assist patients in developing a better understanding of themselves and their issues and provide support on their path to recovery and reintegration into society. This paper will explore the roles and tasks of nurses in group therapy for psychiatric patients and highlight the significance of their contribution to the therapeutic process
Aversion to the Love of God in Nikolaus Lenau's The Albigensians
No full textDiese Masterarbeiter untersucht den Begriff der Gottesliebe in dem Werk „Die Albigenser“ von Nikolaus Lenau. Es soll festgestellt werden, dass eine deutliche Abneigung gegen die Gottesliebe im Werk vorhanden ist, was teilweise von der derzeitigen Kirche dargestellt wird, aber auch vom Autor selbst. Zum Vergleich stehen die geschichtlichen Ereignisse, wie auch die etischen Grundlagen und Lehren, bereit, mit deren Hilfe die Kapitel des Versepos analysiert, interpretiert und kritisiert werden. Die Lehren stammen von dem Thomas von Aquin, der um die Zeit lebte, wo die Kreuzzüge noch stattfanden. Er selbst leitet die Gottesliebe von der Freundschaftslehre des Aristoteles ab. Das Scheitern der Freundschaftsversuche zwischen den Ketzern und Gläubigen, was zum Krieg führte und wie Lenau durch diese poetische Darstellung aus der Vergangenheit die Kirche seiner Zeit kritisiert, versuchen nicht Freundschaft und Liebe zu verbreiten, sondern nur Hass und Pessimismus.Ovaj diplomski rad istražuje temu božje ljubavi u djelu „Albigenžani“ Nikolausa Lenaua. Cilj je dokazati, kako se u djelu radi o otporu protiv božije ljubavi, što se djelomično prepoznaje kroz opis Crkve u djelu, ali se uočava i kod samog autora. Za usporedbu su dostupni povijesni događaji, kao i etički temelji i nauk, koji se koristi i za analizu, interpretaciju i kritiku samih pogavlja epa. Nauk potječe od Tome Akvinskog, koji je okvirno živio u doba kada su se križarski ratovi i odvijali. On sam dobiva svoj nauk o božjoj ljubavi od Aristotelova nauka o prijateljstvu. Neuspjeh uspostavljanja prijateljskih odnosa između heretika i vjernika je na kraju doveo do rata, a pošto Lenau kritizira uz to još i Crkvu svog vremena kroz njihova djela iz prošlosti, to nikako ne širi ljubav i prijateljstvo, već samo mržnju i pesimizam.The topic of this Master's thesis is divine love in the work of Nikolaus Lenau called „The Albigensians “. The thesis wants to confirm the absence of divine love, within the work, portrayed by the Autor himself, as well as the church of that time. The historical foundations and teachings, as well as the historical events are available for comparison, which will also be used to analyse, interpret and criticise the chapters of this epic. Thomas Aquinas, who Lenau got these teachings from, lived around the time when some of the crusades still took place. He himself derived these teachings from Aristotele's doctrine about friendship. The many failed friendship attempts between the heretics and the believers, which led to war, and how Lenau criticizes the church of his time through these actions from the past, will only help spread hatred and pessimism, not friendship and lov
National and international norms and ethical dilemmas in dealing with human skeletal remains
No full textCilj: Definirati distinkciju između arheoloških i recentnih ljudskih koštanih ostataka i predložiti rješenje definiranja, istražiti stavove prema postupanju s ljudskim koštanim ostatcima te predložiti sveobuhvatni način postupanja s arheološkim ljudskim koštanim ostatcima uzevši u obzir etičke, religijske, običajne i pravne aspekte. Cilj je bio i dati preporuke za postupanje s ljudskim koštanim ostatcima u međunarodnom kontekstu uzevši u obzir etičke, religijske, običajne i pravne aspekte. Materijali i metode: Provedeno je istraživanje stavova vezanih uz postupanje s ljudskim koštanim ostatcima u Republici Hrvatskoj u formi online anketnoga upitnika pripremljenog s pomoću alata Google obrasci na prigodnom uzorku. Anketa je podijeljena studentima svih razina studija Sveučilišta u Splitu putem društvenih mreža i službenih mrežnih adresa sastavnica. Provedeno je i istraživanje, u online formi na prigodnom uzorku, o stavovima djelatnika muzeja, instituta i visokoobrazovnih ustanova o postupanju s ljudskim koštanim ostatcima u Republici Hrvatskoj te o distinkciji između arheoloških i recentnih ljudskih koštanih ostataka. Anketa je poslana na ukupno 26 adresa elektroničke pošte muzeja i drugih ustanova antropološkog, arheološkog i etnografskog usmjerenja u Republici Hrvatskoj. Načinjena je i analiza literaturnih izvora, unutar korpusa bioarheološkog akademskog interesa, podataka WOS i Scopus, kao i Proquest baze podataka, s naglaskom na analizu podataka, prema različitim kriterijima i aspektima, o izdavačima, publikacijama, ključnim riječima i njihovim međusobnim odnosima te temama. Rezultati: Provedbom anketnih upitnika utvrđeni su stavovi ispitanika o različitim aspektima postupanja s ljudskim koštanim ostatcima, od stavova po pitanju odnosa znanosti i religije, izlaganja ljudskih koštanih ostataka u različite svrhe, međunarodne suradnje i slanja u inozemstvo ljudskih koštanih ostataka do drugih. Ukupno 86,7 % anketiranih djelatnika muzeja, instituta i visokoobrazovnih ustanova u Republici Hrvatskoj smatra da je primjereno koristiti ljudske koštane ostatke kao materijal u znanstvenim analizama i procjenama. Utvrđeno je da 60% djelatnika muzeja, instituta i visokoobrazovnih ustanova u Republici Hrvatskoj smatra kako bi razdjelnica između arheoloških i recentnih koštanih ostataka trebala biti 100 g. od vremena smrti osobe. Čak 92,2 % anketiranih studenata Sveučilišta u Splitu ne slaže se s izjavom da je znanost čovjekov najgori neprijatelj. Zaključci: Podatci dobiveni provedbom dviju anketa na području Republike Hrvatske, kao i provedbom zajedničkog međunarodnog projekta s partnerima iz Ujedinjenog Kraljevstva i Sjedinjenih Američkih Država upućuju na snažnu potporu ispitanika provedbi znanstvenih i stručnih istraživanja ljudskih koštanih ostataka, kao i na etičku osviještenost studenata, muzejskih djelatnika i opće populacije po pitanju postupanja s koštanim ostatcima. S obzirom na postojanje društvenih, kulturoloških, etičkih, pravnih, običajnih i drugih razlika, utvrđenih provedbom istraživanja i analizom baza literaturnih izvora izneseni su prijedlozi za kreiranje smjernica koje bi regulirale sveobuhvatni način postupanja s ljudskim koštanim ostatcima u međunarodnom kontekstu. Disproporcija između ulaganja pojedinih država u sustav znanosti i potpore ispitanika procesu znanstvenog istraživanja naglašava potrebu uvođenja mjera za popularizaciju znanosti i edukaciju po pitanju znanstvene vrijednosti ljudskih koštanih ostataka. Predloženo je definiranje distinkcije između arheoloških i recentnih ljudskih koštanih uzimajući u obzir vremensku odrednicu, ali i druge čimbenike. Suradnja zajednica povezanih s ljudskim koštanim ostatcima sa znanstvenom zajednicom, postojanje kvalitetno uređenog legislativnog okvira, obrazovanih znanstvenika i stručnjaka uz uvažavanje etičkih standarda temelj su sveobuhvatnog i holističkog pristupa postupanju s ljudskim koštanim ostatcima.Aim: To define the distinction between archaeological and recent human skeletal remains and to propose a solution to the definition, to investigate attitudes towards dealing with human skeletal remains and to propose a comprehensive way of dealing with archaeological human skeletal remains, taking into account ethical, religious, customary and legal aspects. The goal was also to provide recommendations for dealing with human skeletal remains in an international context, considering ethical, religious, customary and legal aspects. Materials and methods: A survey on attitudes related to dealing with human skeletal remains in the Republic of Croatia was conducted in the form of an online questionnaire prepared using the Google Forms tool on a convenient sample. The survey was distributed to students of all levels of study at the University of Split via social networks and the official web addresses of the faculties. Research was also conducted, in online form on a convenient sample, regarding the views of employees of museums, institutes and higher education institutions on the handling of human skeletal remains in the Republic of Croatia and on the distinction between archaeological and recent human skeletal remains. The survey was sent to a total of 26 e-mail addresses of museums and other anthropological, archaeological and ethnographic institutions in the Republic of Croatia. An analysis of literature sources, within the corpus of bioarcheological academic interest, of WOS, Scopus and ProQuest databases, with an emphasis on the analysis of data, regarding different criteria and aspects, publishers, publications, key words and their mutual relationships and topics, was also made. Results: Through the implementation of questionnaires, the views of respondents on various aspects of dealing with human skeletal remains were determined, from the views on the relationship between science and religion, the display of human skeletal remains for different purposes, international cooperation and the sending of human skeletal remains abroad. A total of 86.7% of the surveyed employees of museums, institutes and higher education institutions in the Republic of Croatia believe that it is appropriate to use human skeletal remains as material in scientific analyzes and assessments. It was established that 60% of employees of museums, institutes and higher education institutions in the Republic of Croatia believe that the temporal determinant between archaeological and recent skeletal remains should be 100 years from the time of a person's death. As many as 92.2% of the surveyed students of the University of Split do not agree with the statement that science is man's worst enemy. Conclusions: The data obtained from the implementation of two surveys conducted in the Republic of Croatia, as well as from the implementation of a joint international project with partners from the United Kingdom and the United States of America, point to the strong support of respondents for the implementation of scientific and professional research on human skeletal remains, as well as to the ethical awareness of students and museum workers and the general population in matters of dealing with skeletal remains. With regard to the existence of social, cultural, ethical, legal, customary and other differences, determined by conducting research and analyzing literature sources, proposals were made for the creation of guidelines that would regulate the comprehensive way of dealing with human skeletal remains in an international context. The disproportion between the investments of certain countries in the science system and the respondents' support for the process of scientific research emphasizes the need to introduce measures to popularize science and educate about the scientific value of human skeletal remains. It is proposed to define the distinction between archaeological and recent human skeletal, considering the time determinant, but also other factors. The cooperation of communities associated with human skeletal remains and the scientific community, the existence of a well-regulated legislative framework, educated scientists and experts with respect for ethical standards are the basis of a comprehensive and holistic approach to dealing with human skeletal remains
Overview of the port state - the quality of ships for the transport of chemicals in the period from 2021 to 2024
No full textU radu se raspravlja o značaju nadzora plovila koja prevoze opasne materijale, ispitujući povijesne incidente koji uključuju tankere Exxon Valdez i Torrey Canyon. Ti su događaji imali značajan utjecaj na pomorski sektor, dovodeći do uspostave međunarodnih sigurnosnih i ekoloških propisa, uključujući MARPOL konvenciju i razne druge globalne standarde. U radu se ističe značaj lučkih inspekcija u očuvanju pomorske sigurnosti. Ispituje nužnost inspekcije stranih brodova i poštivanje međunarodnih sporazuma, poput Pariškog memoranduma, dok se također raspravlja o dužnostima država zastave i uključenosti organizacija kao što je Međunarodna pomorska organizacija (IMO). Odjeljak koji govori o provedbi inspekcija opisuje metode za nadzor i osiguravanje da brodovi udovoljavaju tehničkim standardima. Obuhvaća zadržavanje plovila s nedostacima i ističe međunarodnu suradnju putem sustava THETIS. Poseban je fokus na tehničkim specifikacijama za brodove koji prevoze kemikalije i odredbama utvrđenim Međunarodnim kodeksom (IBC kodeks). Statistička analiza kvalitete broda ispituje podatke inspekcije od 2021. do 2024., usredotočujući se na sigurnosne probleme, učestalost tehničkih nedostataka i trendove vezane uz zadržavanje broda. Rad završava preporukama za poboljšanje sigurnosnih standarda i održavanje plovila koja se koriste za prijevoz opasnih materijala, naglašavajući važnost stalnih ulaganja u sigurnosne mjere za ublažavanje rizika.The paper discusses the importance of surveillance of vessels carrying hazardous materials, examining historical incidents involving the tankers Exxon Valdez and Torrey Canyon. These events had a significant impact on the maritime sector, leading to the establishment of international safety and environmental regulations, including the MARPOL Convention and various other global standards. The paper highlights the importance of port inspections in preserving maritime safety. It examines the necessity of inspecting foreign ships and compliance with international agreements, such as the Paris Memorandum, while also discussing flag state duties and the involvement of organizations such as the International Maritime Organization (IMO). The section dealing with inspection implementation describes the methods for monitoring and ensuring that ships meet technical standards. Covering the detention of vessels with defects and highlighting international cooperation through the THETIS system. There is a special focus on the technical specifications for ships carrying chemicals and the provisions established by the International Code (IBC Code). A statistical analysis of ship quality examines inspection data from 2021 to 2024, focusing on safety issues, frequency of technical defects and trends related to ship detention. The paper concludes with recommendations for improving safety standards and maintenance of vessels used to transport materials, emphasizing the importance of ongoing investment in safety measures to mitigate risks