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The Oeuvre of Woodcarver Juraj Petrović
No full textMeđu drvorezbarskim radovima 15. stoljeća u Dalmaciji posebno se ističu bolna, izrazito ekspresivna drvena raspela koja se pripisuju splitskom kanoniku i drvorezbaru Jurju Petroviću. O životu i drvorezbarskoj djelatnosti tȇ enigmatične ličnosti svjedoči tek skroman broj arhivskih dokumenata nastalih u vremenu od 1441. do 1478. godine, u kojima se spominje kao kanonik i primicerij splitske katedrale, ali i kao drvorezbar. Uz dva potpisana raspela, u šibenskoj katedrali i u crkvi Gospe od Anđela nad Orebićem, na temelju stilske analize pripisuju mu se još i raspela u crkvi sv. Vlahe u Pridvorju, u splitskoj katedrali Uznesenja Blažene Djevice Marije, u župnoj crkvi sv. Mihovila u Omišu i hvarskoj katedrali sv. Stjepana te kipovi Bogorodice i sv. Ivana iz kompozicije Raspeća napravljene za crkvu sv. Frane u Šibeniku. S Petrovićevim umjetničkim krugom dovodi se u vezu i raspelo u crkvi sv. Frane u Šibeniku, kao i nekoliko raspela koja kvalitetom zaostaju za onima koja se s većom sigurnošću pripisuju Petroviću – raspelo u crkvi sv. Križa na Čiovu, crkvi sv. Križa u Gružu i u crkvi sv. Križa na Krapnju. Uporabom naturalističkih elemenata pri isticanju znakova mučenja i boli na tijelu, kakvi su ustanovljeni na brojnim „bolnim“ raspelima 14. stoljeća, te njihovim uklapanjem u novu viziju skladnog, renesansnog oblikovanja ljudskog tijela, Petrović je razvio prepoznatljiv i osoben stil kojim se istakao kao jedan od najvažnijih kipara 15. stoljeća u Dalmaciji. U radu se ukratko kontekstualizira nastanak fenomena „bolnih raspela“, donosi se pregled arhivskih dokumenata u kojima se spominje ime majstora Jurja Petrovića, analiziraju se njegova potpisana djela i ona koja mu se pripisuju s većom ili manjom sigurnošću, te se upućuje i na postojeću problematiku vezanu uz atribuciju pojedinih raspela.The painful, extremely expressive wooden crucifixes attributed to the Split canon and woodcarver Juraj Petrović occupy an important place among the woodcarving works of 15thcentury Dalmatia. Information about the life and woodcarving activity of this enigmatic personality is contained in only a modest number of archival documents created between 1441 and 1486, in which he is mentioned as a canon and primicerius of the Split cathedral, but also as a woodcarver. In addition to two signed crucifixes, one in the Šibenik Cathedral and another in the church of Our Lady of the Angels in Orebić, other works attributed to Petrović through stylistic analysis include the crucifixes in the church of St. Blaise in Pridvorje, in Split Cathedral of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary (or Saint Domnius), in the parish church of St. Michael in Omiš, in the Hvar Cathedral of St. Stephen as well as the statues of the Virgin and St. John from the Crucifixion group made for the church of St. Frane in Šibenik. There are several other crucifixes that display similar stylistic tendencies, but whose authorship is ultimately uncertain. Namely, they include the crucifixes in the church of St. Francis in Šibenik, in the Holy Cross church on Čiovo, in the Holy Cross church in Gruž and in the church of the Franciscan monastery of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross on Krapanj. By using naturalistic elements to emphasize the torture and pain the Saviour endured, such as those that appear on the numerous crocefissi dolorosi of the 14th century, and by reconciling them with the new, harmonious vision of the human body brought on by the Renaissance, Petrović developed a recognizable and distinctive style that sets him apart as one of the most important sculptors of 15th century Dalmatia. This paper contextualizes the emergence of the phenomenon of "painful crucifixes", it provides an overview of archival documents in which the name of the master Juraj Petrović is mentioned, analyzes his signed works and those attributed to him with greater or lesser certainty, and it also refers to existing issues related to the attribution of certain crucifixes
Sjećanje i gubitak u djelima Kazua Ishigura
No full textThis MA thesis analyses themes of memory and loss in five selected novels of Kazuo Ishiguro: Pale View of Hills, The Remains of the Day, When We Were Orphans, Never Let Me Go, and The Buried Giant. Relying on theoretical framework focusing on memory and remembering, the thesis explores how memory functions and portrayals of its fragile nature in Ishiguro’s novels. The analysis of the selected novels aims to demonstrate how unreliable memories can be and their profound impact on decision-making and healing after past trauma.Ovaj diplomski rad analizira teme sjećanja i gubitka kroz pet odabranih romana Kazua Ishigura: Blijed pogled na bregove, Na kraju dana, Kad smo bili siročad, Nikad me ne ostavljaj i Pokopani div. Oslanjajući se na teorije o sjećanju i pamćenju, ovaj rad istražuje kako sjećanje funkcionira i prikazuje njegovu krhku prirodu u Ishigurovim romanima. Analiza odabranih romana nastoji prikazati nepouzdanost sjećanja te njihov snažan utjecaj na donošenje odluka i prebrođivanje trauma iz prošlosti
The potential uses of the novel "Perfume" by Patrick Süskind in actionand production-oriented literature lessons
No full textDie vorliegende Diplomarbeit setzt sich mit der Literatur im DaF-Unterricht beziehungsweise mit dem handlungs- und produktionsorientierten Literaturunterricht auseinander und zeigt am Beispiel des Romans Das Parfum (1985) von Patrick Süskind Vorteile seines Einsatzes im Unterricht. Dessen Einsatz im DaF-Unterricht bringt viele Vorteile, sowohl für das Sprachenerlernen als auch für die soziale und persönliche Entwicklung der Deutschlernenden. Dementsprechend war das Ziel dieser Arbeit zu zeigen, dass die Verwendung des genannten Romans im DaF-Unterricht an kroatischen Gymnasien tatsächlich möglich und dann auch sinnvoll, vorteilhaft und effektiv ist.Ovaj diplomski rad bavi se književnošću u nastavi njemačkog kao stranog jezika, odnosno s nastavom usmjerenom na stvaranje i djelovanje bazirajući se na romanu Parfem (1985) Patricka Süskinda. Njegovo uvrštavanje u nastavu njemačkog kao stranog jezika ima mnoge prednosti, kako za učenje samog jezika tako i za društveni te osobni razvoj učenika njemačkog jezika. Sukladno tome, cilj ovog diplomskog rada bio je pokazati kako je obrada spomenutog romana u nastavi njemačkog kao stranog jezika u hrvatskim gimnazijama ponajprije moguća, a potom i smislena, korisna te učinkovita.This master thesis deals with literature in GFL-lessons, i. e. action- and production-orientated literature lessons based on the novel The Perfume (1985) by Patrick Süskind. Its use in GFL-lessons has many advantages, both for language learning and for the social and personal development of German learners. Accordingly, this thesis aimed to show that the integration of the novel mentioned in the GFL-lessons in Croatian high schools is possible in the first place and then also meaningful, beneficial and effective
The importance of nutritional status assessment in colorectal cancer patients hospitalized at the Department of Surgery of the University Hospital Center Split in 2023.
No full textCilj: Cilj ovog istraživanja je analizirati utjecaj preoperativnog nutritivnog statusa mjerenog metodom bioelektrične impendancije kod bolesnika s kolorektalnim karcinomom na komplikacije i smrtnost. Ispitanici i metode: Ovo retrospektivno istraživanje uključuje bolesnike hospitalizirane zbog kirurškog liječenja kolorektalnog karcinoma u razdoblju od 1.1.2022.-31.12.2022. na Klinici za kirurgiju Kliničkog bolničkog centra Split. Podaci su prikljupljeni iz medicinske dokumentacije bolesnika, te mjerenja analizatora tjelesnog sastava TANITA MC-70 MA (TANITA Corp., Tokyo, Japan). Rezultati: U našoj skupini bolesnika, bolesnici koji imaju veću dob, niži hemoglobin, te niže proteine imali su dulji boravak u bolnici. Medijan duljine hospitalizacije je 7 dana, a smrtnost nakon godine dana je 10,7%. Također, bolesnici s nižim faznim kutom imali su dulji boravak u bolnici. Bolesnici koji su preminuli imali su veću dob od preživjelih. Preminuli bolesnici imali su veći BMI, veću količinu masnog tkiva i niži fazni kut od preživjelih bolesnika. Bolesnici koji su razvili komplikacije imali su nižu početnu razinu proteina, te dulju hospitalizaciju od onih bez komplikacija. Zaključak: Ovo istraživanje potvrđuje važnost nutritivne procjene kod bolesnika s kolorektalnim karcinomom. Niže vrijednosti faznog kuta kod ovih bolesnika dobar su prediktor duljine hospitalizacije i smrtnosti.Objective: The aim of this study is to analyze the impact of preoperative nutritional status in colorectal cancer patients measured by the bioelectrical impedance on complications and mortality. Subjects and Methods: This retrospective study includes patients hospitalized for surgical treatment of colorectal cancer in the period from 1st January 2022 to 31st December 2022 at the Department of Surgery, University Hospital Center Split. The data were obtained from the patient's medical records and measurements of the body composition analyzer TANITA MC-70 MA (TANITA Corp., Tokyo, Japan). Results: In our group of patients, patients with older age, lower hemoglobin, and lower proteins had longer hospital stays. The median length of hospitalization is 7 days, and mortality after one year is 10.7%. Also, patients with a lower phase angle had a longer hospital stay. Patients who died were older than survivors. The deceased patients had a higher BMI, a higher amount of adipose tissue and a lower phase angle than the surviving patients. Patients who developed complications had lower baseline protein levels, and longer hospitalization than those without complications. Conclusion: This study confirms the importance of nutritional assessment in patients with colorectal cancer. Lower phase angle values in these patients are a good predictor of length of hospitalization and mortality
Motifs of play in the Works of Mato Lovrak and Sanja Pilić
No full textDječja književnost i dječja igra imaju ključnu ulogu u razvoju djece pružajući im alate za kognitivni, emocionalni i socijalni razvoj. Ovaj diplomski rad istražuje motive dječje igre u književnom stvaralaštvu dvoje značajnih autora hrvatske dječje književnosti, Mate Lovraka i Sanje Pilić. Mato Lovrak koristi igru kao sredstvo učenja, preživljavanja i razvijanja socijalnih vještina. Lovrakova djeca kroz igru razvijaju kreativnost i maštu, koje koriste za rješavanje problema i snalaženje u kriznim situacijama. Sanja Pilić koristi igru za istraživanje unutarnjih emocija i socijalnih interakcija. Njezini likovi koriste igru za izražavanje unutarnjih želja i snova te za suočavanje s izazovima. Pilić naglašava maštovitost i kreativnost u dječjim igrama koje služe kao sredstvo emocionalnog i socijalnog osnaživanja. Cilj rada je analizirati motive dječje igre u odabranim djelima ovih autora te usporediti njihove pristupe prikazu motiva igre i njezine uloge u dječjem razvoju. Rad također istražuje različite aspekte dječje igre i njezinu važnost u književnosti i pedagoškoj praksi. Analiza pokazuje da oboje autora, iako s različitim naglascima, koriste igru kao temeljni element za razvoj dječjih vještina, vrijednosti i emocionalne stabilnosti. Rad doprinosi boljem razumijevanju značaja dječje igre u dječjoj književnosti te pruža vrijedne uvide za daljnje istraživanje i primjenu u obrazovnom kontekstu. Rezultati su korisni za književne teoretičare, pedagoge, roditelje i sve uključene u odgoj i obrazovanje djece.Children's literature and children's play play a key role in children's development, providing them with tools for cognitive, emotional, and social development. This master's thesis explores the motifs of children's play in the literary works of two important authors of Croatian children's literature, Mata Lovrak and Sanja Pilić. Mato Lovrak uses play as a means of learning, survival, and developing social skills. Lovrak's children develop creativity and imagination through play, which they use to solve problems and cope with crisis situations. Sanja Pilić uses play to explore inner emotions and social interactions. Her characters use play to express their inner desires and dreams and to face challenges. Pilić emphasizes imagination and creativity in children's play, which serve as a means of emotional and social empowerment. The aim of the thesis is to analyze the motifs of children's play in the selected works of these authors and to compare their approaches to the presentation of the motifs of play and its role in children's development. The work also explores various aspects of children's play and its importance in literature and pedagogical practice. The analysis shows that both authors, although with different emphases, use play as a fundamental element for the development of children's skills, values, and emotional stability. The work contributes to a better understanding of the significance of children's play in children's literature and provides valuable insights for further research and application in an educational context. The results are useful for literary theorists, pedagogues, parents, and everyone involved in the upbringing and education of children
Fisheries local ecological knowledge in the area of Biograd na Moru
No full textU RH postoje dvije osnovne kategorije ribolova, a to su: gospodarski i negospodarski ribolov. Na području Biograda na Moru velik je broj rekreativnih ribolovaca, ali u posljednje se vrijeme povećao broj profesionalnih ribara. Biograd na Moru je grad i luka u sjevernoj Dalmaciji, smješten na obali. Ispred Biograda na Moru se nalaze otoci Katarina i Planac, na kojima se aktivno obavlja ribolov. Jako je malo podataka o ribarstvu s ovog područja. Stoga su, kroz istraživanje za ovaj završni rad, ispitani ribari iz Biograda na Moru i okolnih mjesta, kroz anketni upitnik na temu ribarstva, gdje su ribari odgovarali na pitanja o ulovljenim vrstama, te o njihovoj količini i načinima na koji su ulovljene. Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi jesu li se dogodile promjene u količini i/ili vrstama ulova, posebno na području Biograda na Moru, u razdoblju od 1950. godine do danas. Istraživanje se temeljilo na iskustvima ribara i njihovim prijedlozima za poboljšanje ribarstva. Najzastupljenije vrste u ulovu su orada (Sparus aurata), sipa (Sepia officinalis), fratar (Diplodus vulgaris) i arbun (Pagellus erythrinus). Brancin (Dicentrarchus labrax) i ovčica (Lithognathus mormyrus) su vrste riba koje se danas rijetko viđaju u ulovu, a prije ih je bilo znatno više na području Biograda na Moru. U zadnjih 20 godina pojavile su se neke nove vrste u ulovu kao što su lampuga, (Coryphaena hippurus), barakuda, (Sphyraena viridensis) i strijelka (Pomatomus saltatrix).There are two basic categories of marine fishery in the Republic of Croatia: commercial and non-commercial fishing. There is a large number of recreational fishermen in the area of Biograd na Moru, but recently, the number of professional fishermen has increased. Biograd na Moru is a town and port in northern Dalmatia, located on a small part of the peninsula and the mainland, and in front are Katarina and Planac, two islands that are also active fishing areas. There is not enough information about fisheries in this area. Therefore, through the research for this thesis, fishermen from Biograd na Moru and the surrounding areas were interviewed through a survey questionnaire on the topic of fishing, where the fishermen answered questions about the species caught, total catch, and quantity and how they were caught. The goal of the research was, through interviews with local fishermen, to determine (in the period from 1950 to the present day) whether there have been changes in the amount and/or types of catches, especially in the area of Biograd na Moru. The research was based on the experiences of fishermen and their suggestions for improving fisheries. Fishermen mostly caught sea bream (Sparus aurata), cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis), monkfish (Diplodus vulgaris) and common pandora (Pagellus erythrinus). Sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and sand steenbras (Lithognathus mormyrus) are two types of fish that are rarely seen in the catch today, and in the past, they were much more common in the catches in the area of Biograd na Moru. In the last 20 years, some new species have appeared in the catch, such as lamprey, barracuda, darter and moray eel
Competences of educators in recognizing more difficult to notice undesirable behaviors
No full textNepoželjna ponašanja kod djece podrazumijevaju razne forme ponašanja koje su različite od uobičajenih društvenih, školskih ili obiteljskih normi i koje mogu negativno utjecati na razvoj djeteta i njegovu komunikaciju s okolinom. Kod razumijevanja i prevencije nepoželjnih ponašanja kod djece ključni su rizični čimbenici, koji povećavaju vjerojatnost razvoja problematičnog ponašanja, te zaštiti čimbenici, koji pomažu u smanjenju ili neutralizaciji tih rizika. Općenito se smatra da nepoželjna ponašanja uvjetuju elementi poput bioloških osobina djeteta, čimbenika iz obiteljske sredine te čimbenika povezanih s vršnjačkim kontekstom (dječjeg vrtića i škole). Rizični čimbenici povećavaju šanse za razvoj problema u ponašanju, uključujući nasilje, kriminal, zlouporabu supstanci i druge oblike devijantnog ponašanja. Svi oni proizlaze iz okoline djeteta, ponajprije obitelji i ostalih značajnih drugih koji imaju presudan utjecaj na zadovoljenje potreba djeteta. Za razvoj nepoželjnog ponašanja kod djece značajne su socijalne vještine (problemi u odnosima s vršnjacima), negativne životne okolnosti jer upravo djeca koja žive u rizičnim sredinama imaju veću vjerojatnost da će pokazati neki oblik nepoželjnog ponašanja. Razni oblici nepoželjnih ponašanja isprepleću se te, bez jasne granice, prelaze jedan u drugi zbog čega ih je jako teško razgraničiti. Nepoželjna ponašanja djece rane, predškolske i školske dobi mogu se podijeliti u dvije grupe: lakše uočljiva nepoželjna ponašanja i teže uočljiva nepoželjna ponašanja. Dok se u lakše uočljiva nepoželjna ponašanja ubrajaju agresivnost, laganje, neposluh, prkos i nedisciplina, pod teže uočljivim nepoželjnim ponašanjima djece misli se na plašljivost, povučenost i potištenost. Za potrebe ovog diplomskog rada, provelo se anketno istraživanje te se, na temelju dobivenih rezultata, zaključilo da su kod ispitanih odgojitelja prisutne kompetentnost i sposobnost primjećivanja teže uočljivih nepoželjnih ponašanja pri čemu učestalo razmjenjuju iskustva s iskusnijim kolegama. Međutim, i dalje ima mnogo mjesta za napredak jer bi upravo tako odgojitelji mogli lakše i brže prepoznati te intervenirati kod teže uočljivih nepoželjnih ponašanja djeceUndesirable behaviors in children include various forms of behavior that are different from usual social, school or family norms and that can negatively affect the child's development and his communication with the environment. Risk factors, which increase the likelihood of developing problematic behavior, and protective factors, which help reduce or neutralize these risks, are key to understanding and preventing undesirable behaviors in children. It is generally considered that undesirable behaviors are conditioned by elements such as the child's biological characteristics, factors from the family environment and factors related to the peer context (kindergarten and school). Risk factors increase the chances of developing behavioral problems, including violence, crime, substance abuse, and other forms of deviant behavior. All of them arise from the child's environment, primarily the family and other significant others who have a decisive influence on the satisfaction of the child's needs. Social skills (problems in relationships with peers) and negative life circumstances are important for the development of undesirable behavior in children, because it is precisely children who live in risky environments who are more likely to show some form of undesirable behavior. Various forms of undesirable behavior intertwine and, without a clear border, cross into one another, which is why it is very difficult to demarcate them. Undesirable behaviors of early, pre-school and school-age children can be divided into two groups: easier-to-observe undesirable behaviors and more difficult-toobserve undesirable behaviors. While the more easily observable undesirable behaviors include aggressiveness, lying, disobedience, defiance and indiscipline, the more difficult to observe undesirable behaviors of children include timidity, withdrawal and depression. For the purposes of this thesis, a survey was conducted and, based on the results obtained, it was concluded that the examined educators have competence and the ability to notice undesirable behaviors that are harder to notice, and they often exchange experiences with more experienced colleagues. However, there is still a lot of room for improvement, because this is how educators could more easily and quickly recognize and intervene in the more difficult-toobserve undesirable behaviors of children
"It's best if everyone thinks you're on their side": A cultural-anthropological analysis of student politics within the student council
No full textCilj ovog rada je kritički se osvrnuti na volontiranje u ulozi studentskog predstavnika. Uz pitanje „Što je uopće studentski predstavnik i na koji način djeluje u okvirima neoliberalnih politika obrazovanja?“, nameće se široka paleta drugih pitanja poput: „Kako pojedinac postaje studentskim predstavnikom ili bolje rečeno kako se odlučuje za taj podvig?“, „Na koji način u trenutnoj društvenoj atmosferi studentski predstavnici sami sebe percipiraju u odnosu na kolege studente?“, Kakav utjecaj na njih, obitelj i prijatelje ima funkcija na koju su izabrani?“, „Kako njihov angažman u takvom obliku demokratskog procesa, utječe na njihovo mišljenje i želju za bavljenjem politikom kroz stranački sustav?“. Odgovore na ta pitanja pokušavam dati u ovom diplomskom radu kroz analizu intervjua provedenih sa studentskim predstavnicima s više Sveučilišta u RH a koji su ujedno bili i članovi Hrvatskog studentskog zbora i kroz vlastito iskustvo bavljenja studentskim predstavništvom.The aim of this paper is to critically reflect on volunteering in the role of a student representative. Along with the question, "What is a student representative, and how do they operate within the framework of neoliberal education policies?", a wide range of other questions arises, such as: "How does one become a student representative, or rather, how does one decide to undertake this role?", "How do student representatives perceive themselves in relation to their fellow students in the current social atmosphere?", "What impact does the position they have been elected to have on them, their family, and friends?", "How does their involvement in such a form of democratic process influence their views and aspirations for engaging in politics through the party system?". I attempt to provide answers to these questions in this thesis through an analysis of interviews conducted with student representatives from several universities in Croatia, who were also members of the Croatian Student Council, as well as through my own experience in student representation
Analysis of maritime accidents in the period from 2017 to 2022.
No full textU diplomskom radu su analizirane pomorske nezgode u razdoblju od 2017. do 2022. godine. Pomorska nezgoda odnosi se na izvanredni događaj ili skup događaja koji rezultiraju određenom štetom poput oštećenja ili gubitka broda, oštećenja druge imovine na moru, potrebom za izvanrednim troškovima ili koji uzrokuju ozljede ili smrt ljudi. U završnom radu provedena je analiza pomorskih nezgoda za odabrano šestogodišnje razdoblje na temelju podataka Europske agencija za pomorsku sigurnost. Analizirani su podatci o pomorskim nezgodama s obzirom na njihov broj u promatranih šest godina, vrstu broda, lokaciju na kojoj su se dogodile, s obzirom na posljedice koje su imale na osobe i na brodove te s obzirom na njihovu prirodu. Podatci koji su se odnosili na uzroke pomorskih nezgoda nisu detaljno analizirani jer nije bilo moguće dobiti podatke samo za promatrano šestogodišnje razdoblje. Pokazalo se da se u promatranom razdoblju dogodilo 14 399 pomorskih nezgoda, odnosno prosječno 2399 nezgoda godišnje. Iako su pomorske nezgode u najvećoj mjeri bile manje ozbiljne, ne smije se zanemariti šteta koju su pomorske nezgode uzrokovale brodovima i ljudima. S obzirom na to da ljudski faktor prednjači među uzrocima pomorskih nezgoda nužno je provoditi sigurnosne preporuke i mjere koje su vezane za učinkovitiju obuku i trening pomoraca te rasterećenje brodske posade uz bolju organizaciju rada na brodu i radnih uvjeta s ciljem sprječavanja ili barem minimaliziranja pomorskih nezgoda.This paper analyzed maritime accidents in the period from 2017 to 2022. A marine casualty refers to an extraordinary event or set of events that result in some harm such as damage or loss of a ship, damage to other property at sea, the need for extraordinary expenses, or that cause injury or death to people. In the final paper, an analysis of maritime accidents was carried out for a selected six-year period based on data from European Maritime Safety Agency. Data on maritime accidents were analyzed with regard to their number in the observed six years, the type of ship, the location where they occurred, with regard to the consequences they had on people and ships, and with regard to their nature. The data related to the causes of maritime accidents were not analyzed in detail because it was not possible to obtain data only for the observed six-year period. It turned out that 14,399 maritime accidents occurred in the observed period, that is, an average of 2,399 accidents per year. Although maritime accidents were mostly less serious, the damage caused by maritime accidents to ships and people should not be ignored. Considering that the human factor leads among the causes of maritime accidents, it is necessary to implement safety recommendations and measures related to more effective training and training of seafarers and relief of the ship's crew with better organization of work on board and working conditions with the aim of preventing or at least minimizing maritime accidents
Mastery of the spelling norm in the fourth and eighth grades of elementary school
No full textCilj je diplomskog rada ispitati i utvrditi stupanj usvojenosti pravopisne norme među učenicima četvrtih i osmih razreda. Također se ispituje bolja ovladanost pravopisnom normom, učenika četvrtih ili osmih razreda. U teorijskom dijelu diplomskog rada govori se o hrvatskom standardnom jeziku, hrvatskom pravopisu i njegovom povijesnom razvoju, kurikulumu nastavnog predmeta Hrvatski jezik te o pravopisnim vježbama i zadacima u nižim i višim razredima osnovne škole. U istraživanju su sudjelovala 103 učenika (provedeno je kvantitativno istraživanje među 55 učenika četvrtih razreda i 48 učenika osmih razreda). Instrument istraživanja pisana je provjera sastavljena od 15 pitanja vezanih uz pravopis. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da su učenici četvrtih i osmih razreda ovladali pravopisnom normom. U istraživanom uzorku četvrti razredi bolje su usvojili pravopisnu normu od osmih razreda.The aim of the thesis is to examine and determine the degree of mastery of the spelling norm among students in the fourth and eighth grades. The thesis also examines who has mastered the spelling norm better, the fourth or eighth grades. The theoretical part of the thesis discusses of the Croatian standard language, Croatian spelling and its historical development, the curriculum of the Croatian language subject, and spelling exercises and tasks in the lower and upper grades of elementary school. 103 students participated in the study (quantitative research conducted on 55 fourth grade students and 48 eighth grade students). The research instrument was a written test consisting of 15 questions related to spelling. The results of the study showed that students in the fourth and eighth grades mastered the spelling norm. Fourth graders mastered the spelling norm better than eighth graders