University of Zadar Institutional Repository
Not a member yet
7478 research outputs found
Sort by
The Role of a Nurse in Triage of Patients in the Emergency Department
No full textTrijaža je proces procjenjivanja svih bolesnika nakon dolaska u Objedinjeni hitni bolnički prijem. Bitna je upravo zbog pravilne i pravovremene procjene hitnosti bolesnika. Medicinska sestra na hitnom prijemu igra ključnu ulogu u procesu trijaže pacijenata, te pružajući hitnu medicinsku pomoć i organizirajući prioritetne intervencije. Njezina stručnost i brza reakcija su od bitnog značaja u osiguravanju kvalitetne zdravstvene skrbi. Medicinska sestra je uključena u stalnu edukaciju kako bi procijenila i nadzirala pacijente, potom skrbila o njihovoj sigurnosti. Prva uloga medicinske sestre u trijaži je procjena ozbiljnosti stanja pacijenata. Koristeći svoje medicinsko znanje i iskustvo, sestra brzo analizira vitalne znakove, simptome i medicinsku povijest kako bi odredila hitnost slučaja. Ovaj pristup omogućuje hitnom timu da usmjeri pažnju prema pacijentima koji zahtijevaju najhitniju skrb. Osim procjene medicinskih faktora, medicinska sestra također mora uzeti u obzir druge faktore, poput hitnosti i dostupnosti resursa. Medicinska sestra radi u sinergiji s liječnicima, tehničarima i drugim medicinskim stručnjacima kako bi zajedno pružili koordiniranu skrb. Komunikacija je važna za uspostavljenje odnosa povjerenja i suradnje u stvaranju povjerenja i umanjivanju stresa koji pacijenti doživljavaju u hitnim situacijama, jer liječnik daje informacije o stanju pacijenta. Prioritiziranje pacijenata s ciljem maksimiziranja resursa i brze reakcije ključno je za učinkovito upravljanje hitnim situacijama. Daljnjim obrazovanjem medicinskih sestara stvara se put u ostvarivanju rješavanja zdravstvene skrbi.Triage is the process of evaluating all patients after arriving at the emergency hospital admission. It is important precisely because of the correct and timely assessment of the patient's urgency. The emergency nurse plays a key role in the patient triage process, providing emergency medical care and organizing priority interventions. Her expertise and quick reaction are essential in ensuring quality healthcare. The nurse is involved in ongoing education to assess and monitor patients, then ensure their safety. The first role of the nurse in triage is to assess the severity of the patient's condition. Using her medical knowledge and experience, the nurse quickly analyzes vital signs, symptoms and medical history to determine the urgency of the case. This approach allows the emergency team to focus on the patients who require the most urgent care. In addition to assessing medical factors, the nurse must also consider other factors, such as urgency and availability of resources. The nurse works synergistically with physicians, technicians, and other medical professionals to provide coordinated care together. Communication is important for establishing a relationship of trust and cooperation in creating trust and reducing the stress that patients experience in emergency situations, as the doctor provides information about the patient's condition. Prioritizing patients with the goal of maximizing resources and rapid response is critical to effective emergency management. The further education of nurses creates a path in achieving health care solutions
The war in Herzegovina 1992.-1995.
No full textOvaj se rad bavi ratom u Hercegovini u razdoblju od 1992. do 1995. godine. Osim što opisuje događaje u navedenom razdoblju, dan je i kontekst zbivanja na političkoj i vojnoj sceni u Bosni i Hercegovini, ali i u dijelu tadašnje Juglavije u 1991. godini, zbog lakšeg razumijevanja teme. U nastavku rada je prikazan tijek događaja raspoređen i podijeljen po godinama, pri čemu uvodna poglavlja 1992. godine opisuju događaje pred sam početak otvorenog rata, kao i vojne formacije zaraćenih strana. Do kraja rada se opisuju ratna zbivanja, sve do potpisivanja mirovnih sporazuma 1994. i 1995. godine.This paper describes the war in Herzegovina in the period from 1992 to 1995. In addition to describing the events in the mentioned period, the context of the events on the political and military scene in Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as in the former Yugoslavia in 1991, is also given, for easier understanding of the topic. In the continuation of the paper, the course of events is presented, distributed and divided by years, with the introductory chapters in 1992 describing the events before the very beginning of the open war, as well as the military formations of the warring parties. By the end of the paper, the events of the war are described, up to the signing of the peace agreements in 1994 and 1995
Refrigerants and their environmental impact
No full textTema rada su radne tvari rashladnih uređaja s aspekta ekologije. Izložene su osnove rashladnog procesa, povijesni razvoj rashladne tehnike, vrste radnih tvari u rashladnoj tehnici, te ekološki problemi do kojih je došlo evolucijom rashladne tehnike, odnosno primjenom različitih radnih tvari. Osvještavanjem o nastalim problemima u Zemljinoj atmosferi dolazi do reakcije međunarodne zajednice. Uvodi se regulativa kroz zakonodavni okvir država supotpisnica Montrealskih i drugih međunarodnih ugovora vezanih za probleme oštećenja ozonskog omotača i efekta staklenika, čiji je djelomični uzrok nekontrolirano ispuštanje rashladnih radnih tvari u atmosferu. U radu su navedene ekološki prihvatljive radne tvari, njihove osnovne karakteristike, načini i područja primjene, te radne tvari koje supstituiraju.The topic of the work is the refrigerants of cooling devices from the point of view of ecology. The work presents the basics of the refrigeration process, the historical development of refrigeration technology, the types of working refrigerants in refrigeration technology, the ecological problems that have arisen due to the evolution of refrigeration technology and the application of different refrigerants. By raising awareness of environmental issue the in the Earth's atmosphere, the international community reacts. It introduces regulations through the legislative framework of countries that are signatories to the Montreal and other international treaties related to the problems of damage to the ozone layer and the greenhouse effect, the partial cause of which is the uncontrolled release of cooling agents into the atmosphere. The paper lists environmentally acceptable refrigerants, their basic characteristics, ways and areas of application, and the working substances they substitute
Strategic analysis of the company on the example of Samsung Electronics
No full textRadi kontinuiranih inovacija, naprednoj tehnologiji i jakom globalnom brendu, Samsung Electronics već dugi niz godina drži jednu od liderskih pozicija u svjetskoj elektroničkoj industriji. Strateški ciljevi kompanije usmjereni su na daljnje povećanje konkurentnosti na globalnim tržištima te očuvanje liderske pozicije kroz stalna ulaganja u istraživanje i razvoj. Ovaj rad se fokusira na stratešku analizu kompanije Samsung Electronics, uključujući ispitivanje unutarnjih i vanjskih čimbenika koji utječu na poslovanje poduzeća. Cilj istraživanja je, na temelju provedenih analiza, identificirati mogućnosti za daljnji razvoj Samsung Electronicsa unutar industrije u kojoj se nalazi. Zaključci će biti izvedeni iz pojedinačnih nalaza strateške, poslovne i financijske analize. Istraživanje će se temeljiti na analizi znanstvene literature, knjiga i drugih relevantnih izvora podataka, poput financijskih izvještaja. Korištene metode obuhvaćaju deskripciju, dedukciju, analizu i sintezu.Due to continuous innovation, advanced technology and a strong global brand, Samsung Electronics has held one of the leading positions in the global electronics industry for many years. The company's strategic goals are aimed at further increasing competitiveness on global markets and maintaining a leadership position through constant investments in research and development. This paper focuses on the strategic analysis of Samsung Electronics, including an examination of the internal and external factors that affect the company's operations. The goal of the research is, based on the conducted analyses, to identify opportunities for further development of Samsung Electronics within the industry in which it is located. Conclusions will be derived from individual findings of strategic, business and financial analysis. The research will be based on the analysis of scientific literature, books and other relevant data sources, such as financial statements. The methods used include description, deduction, analysis and synthesi
Perception of Job Stress Among Veterinarians
No full textCilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi percepciju stresnosti posla i zadovoljstvo poslom kod veterinara s obzirom na vrstu prakse kojom se dominantno bave (rad s malim životinjama, rad s velikim životinjama, kombinirani rad s velikim i malim životinjama i neklinička praksa), kao i ispitati najčešće izvore stresa kod veterinara koji se bave različitim tipovima prakse. Uzorak istraživanja sačinjava 217 veterinara zaposlenih u Republici Hrvatskoj od kojih su 162 veterinarke i 55 veterinara u dobi od 22 do 67 godina (M=35). 64.5% veterinara radi u praksi s malim životinjama, 16.6% u miješanoj praksi s malim i velikim životinjama, 12.9% u nekliničkoj praksi te 6% u praksi s velikim životinjama. Podaci su se prikupljali online putem u obliku anketnog upitnika. Na početku upitnika bila su sociodemografska pitanja i pitanja o praksi rada, a zatim su slijedila pitanja iz Upitnika psiholoških zahtjeva, kontrole i podrške na poslu (Šimunić i sur., 2024 – adaptacija The Demand Support Control Questionnaire; Chungkham i sur., 2013), Skale zadovoljstva poslom (Job Satisfaction Scale; Judge i Klinger, 2008) i skale karakterističnih izvora stresa kod veterinara (adaptacija pitanja iz istraživanja O'Connora (2019)). U istraživanju su uspoređivani veterinari iz različitih vrsta prakse rada u percepciji stresnosti posla kroz tri dimenzije: zahtjevi, kontrola i podrška, te zadovoljstvu poslom. Rezultati su pokazali statistički značajne razlike između veterinara u dimenzijama kontrole i zahtjeva posla, dok u razini socijalne podrške i zadovoljstvu poslom nije bilo razlika. Veterinari u praksi malih životinja ili miješanoj praksi malih i velikih životinja doživljavaju veće zahtjeve posla u odnosu na one u nekliničkoj praksi. S druge strane, veterinari u nekliničkoj praksi iskazuju više razine stresa zbog niže kontrole odlučivanja u odnosu na kliničke prakse. Veterinari svih skupina doživljavaju balansiranje privatnog i poslovnog života kao iznadprosječan stres. Klinički veterinari smatraju interakciju s klijentima blago iznadprosječnim stresorom, dok eutanazija i nedostupnost resursa predstavljaju blago iznadprosječne izvore stresa za sve skupine. Rizik od ozljeda blago je iznadprosječan za veterinare velikih životinja, a ispodprosječan za ostale. Radna atmosfera i odnosi su blago ispodprosječan stresor za kliničke, a blago iznadprosječan za nekliničke veterinare. Nedostupnost radnog mjesta iznadprosječan je stresor u nekliničkoj praksi.This study aimed to determine the perception of job stress and job satisfaction among veterinarians based on the type of practice they predominantly engage in (small animal practice, large animal practice, mixed small and large animal practice, and non-clinical practice) and to examine the most common sources of stress among veterinarians involved in different types of practice. The study sample consisted of 217 veterinarians employed in the Republic of Croatia, including 162 female and 55 male veterinarians, aged between 22 and 67 years (M=35). Among them, 64.5% work in small animal practice, 16.6% in mixed small and large animal practice, 12.9% in non-clinical practice, and 6% in large animal practice. Data were collected online through a survey questionnaire. The questionnaire began with sociodemographic questions and questions about the type of practice, followed by items from the Job Demands, Control, and Support Questionnaire (Šimunić et al., 2024 – adaptation of The Demand Support Control Questionnaire; Chungkham et al., 2013), the Job Satisfaction Scale (Judge & Klinger, 2008), and the scale of characteristic sources of stress among veterinarians (adaptation of questions from O'Connor's 2019 study). The study compared veterinarians from different types of practice regarding job stress across three dimensions: demands, control, and support, as well as job satisfaction. The results revealed statistically significant differences in job control and demands, but not in social support and job satisfaction. Veterinarians in small animal or mixed small and large animal practices experience higher job demands compared to those in non-clinical practices. Conversely, non-clinical veterinarians report higher stress levels due to lower decision-making control compared to clinical practices. Veterinarians of all groups experience balancing private and professional life as an above-average source of stress. Clinical veterinarians consider interaction with clients as a slightly above-average stressor, while euthanasia and lack of resources represent slightly above-average stress sources for all groups. The risk of injury is slightly above average for large animal veterinarians and below average for others. Work atmosphere and relationships are a slightly below-average stressor for clinical veterinarians and slightly above average for non-clinical veterinarians. The unavailability of the workplace is an above-average stressor in non-clinical practice
Iwein's development of identity towards the chivalric self
No full textIn dieser Diplomarbeit wird die Identitätsentwicklung von Iwein in Hartmann von Aues mittelalterlichem Ritterroman Iwein untersucht. Durch die Darstellung des Entwicklungsprozesses von Iwein, wird untersucht, wie er sich von einem konventionellen Ritter der Tafelrunde zu einer selbstsicheren und unabhängigen Figur wandelt. Zu Beginn des theoretischen Teils werden die Aspekte des mittelalterlichen Lebens erläutert, um den Kontext für das Verständnis der ritterlichen Ideale zu liefern, welche Gegenstand der Untersuchung sind. Im Zentrum der Arbeit stehen die unterschiedlichen Phasen von Iweins Reise, wobei sein bewusster Rückzug in den Wald besonders betrachtet wird. Dieser Abschnitt seines Weges ist von entscheidender Bedeutung, da er seine Identitätskrise auslöst, die eine gründliche Selbstbetrachtung und tiefgreifende Veränderung in Iwein bewirkt. Indem wichtige Szenen und Entscheidungen in Iweins Leben analysiert werden, wird die Entwicklung seines Selbstbildes sowie die Veränderung seiner Identität eingehend betrachtet. Während der Reise wird offensichtlich, dass Iwein langsam erkennt, dass wahre Ritterlichkeit mehr von inneren Werten und moralischer Integrität als von äußerem Handeln bestimmt wird. Die Analyse von Iwein in dem Werk gewährt tiefere Aufklärung in das mittelalterliche Konzept von Identität und Rittertum und unterstreicht die Wichtigkeit persönlicher Krisen und Selbstfindung im Leben des Hauptcharakters. Iwein in dem Werk zeigt, dass ein tiefgehendes Verständnis eigener Werte und sozialer Erwartungen maßgeblich für die persönliche Entwicklung und Identitätsbildung ist.Ovaj rad ispituje razvoj Iweinova identiteta u srednjovjekovnom viteškom romanu Hartmanna von Auea Iwein. Prikazujući Iweinov razvojni proces, istražuje kako se transformirao iz konvencionalnog viteza Okruglog stola u samouvjerenu i neovisnu figuru. Na početku teorijskog dijela objašnjavaju se aspekti srednjovjekovnog života kako bi se dobio kontekst za razumijevanje viteških ideala koji su predmet proučavanja. Fokus rada je na različitim fazama Iweinova putovanja, s posebnim fokusom na njegovo svjesno povlačenje u šumu. Ova faza njegova putovanja ključna je jer pokreće krizu njegovog identiteta, što uzrokuje temeljitu introspekciju i duboku promjenu u Iweinu. Analizom važnih scena i odluka iz Iweinova života detaljno se ispituje razvoj njegove slike o sebi i promjene u njegovom identitetu. Tijekom putovanja postaje očito da Iwein polako shvaća da je pravo viteštvo više određeno unutarnjim vrijednostima i moralnim integritetom nego vanjskim djelovanjem. Iweinova analiza u djelu daje dublji uvid u srednjovjekovni koncept identiteta i viteštva te naglašava važnost osobnih kriza i samootkrivanja u životu glavnog lika. Iwein u radu pokazuje da je duboko razumijevanje vlastitih vrijednosti i društvenih očekivanja ključno za osobni razvoj i formiranje identiteta.This thesis examines the development of Iwein's identity in Hartmann von Aue's medieval chivalric novel Iwein. Through the depiction of Iwein's development, it is examined how he changes from a conventional knight of the round table to a selfconfident and independent figure. At the beginning of the theoretical part, the aspects of medieval life are explained in order to provide the context for understanding the chivalric ideals that are the subject of the study. The work focuses on the different phases of Iwein's journey, with particular emphasis on his deliberate retreat into the forest. This stage of his journey is of crucial importance as it triggers his identity crisis, causing a thorough introspection and profound change in Iwein. By analyzing important scenes and decisions in Iwein's life, the development of his self-image as well as the change in his identity is examined in depth. During the journey, it becomes apparent that Iwein slowly realizes that true chivalry is determined more by inner values and moral integrity than by outward actions. The analysis of Iwein in the work provides deeper insights into the medieval concept of identity and chivalry and emphasizes the importance of personal crises and self-discovery in the life of the main character. Iwein in the work shows that a deep understanding of one's own values and social expectations is crucial for personal development and identity formatio
Assessment and monitoring of malnutrition in oncology patients during chemotherapy
No full textProces održavanja kvalitete života onkoloških bolesnika, između ostalog, očituje se i brigom za njihovo nutritivno zdravlje. Provođenje pravodobne i cjelovite nutritivne procjene kod onkoloških bolesnika prije početka liječenja ključno je za osiguravanje adekvatne nutritivne intervencije tijekom terapije. Novija istraživanja pokazuju da je između 20 i 40% onkoloških bolesnika pothranjeno, dok malnutricija može zahvatiti čak 75% pacijenata oboljelih od raka, ovisno o lokalizaciji i stadiju zloćudne bolesti te odabranoj onkološkoj terapiji. Podaci pokazuju da oko 20% onkoloških bolesnika ne umire zbog same bolesti, već zbog malnutricije i njenih posljedica. Rana intervencija može očuvati mišićnu masu, prevenirati sarkopeniju te smanjiti nutritivni rizik, čime se značajno poboljšava ishod liječenja. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je procijeniti i pratiti nutritivni status i sastav tijela te identificirati bolesnike kod kojih je indicirano liječenje sarkopenije kao zasebnog kliničkog entiteta, koristeći NRS 2002 alat i bioelektričnu impedanciju, prije i nakon četiri ciklusa kemoterapije. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 30 bolesnika s novootkrivenim karcinomom pluća ili probavnog sustava, kojima je indicirana kemoterapija. Ovo prospektivno, opservacijsko istraživanje provedeno je na Odjelu za onkologiju Opće bolnice Zadar od 01.04.2024. do 31.08.2024. Rezultati su pokazali stabilnost idealne tjelesne mase, ali su otkrili smanjenje mišićne mase i sarkopeničkog indeksa, osobito kod bolesnika s karcinomom probavnog sustava. Zabilježen je porast pacijenata s visokim nutritivnim rizikom, naročito među bolesnicima s probavnim karcinomima. Unatoč stabilnom ITM-u, očuvanje masnog tkiva i gubitak mišićne mase ukazuju na rizik razvoja sarkopenične pretilosti. Rezultati naglašavaju važnost rane nutritivne intervencije, čak i kod pacijenata s blagim nutritivnim rizikom.The process of maintaining the quality of life for oncology patients, among other things, is reflected in the care for their nutritional health. Timely and comprehensive nutritional assessment in oncology patients before the start of treatment is crucial for ensuring adequate nutritional intervention during therapy. Recent studies show that between 20% and 40% of oncology patients are malnourished, while malnutrition can affect up to 75% of cancer patients, depending on the localization and stage of the malignancy and the chosen oncological therapy. Data suggest that approximately 20% of oncology patients do not die from the disease itself but from malnutrition and its consequences. Early intervention can help preserve muscle mass, prevent sarcopenia, and reduce nutritional risk, which significantly improves treatment outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess and monitor nutritional status and body composition and to identify patients for whom treatment of sarcopenia as a separate clinical entity is indicated, using the NRS 2002 tool and bioelectrical impedance analysis, before and after four cycles of chemotherapy. The study included 30 patients with newly diagnosed lung or gastrointestinal cancer, who were scheduled to undergo chemotherapy. This prospective observational study was conducted at the Oncology Department of the General Hospital Zadar from April 1, 2024, to August 31, 2024. The results showed stability in ideal body mass, but revealed a reduction in muscle mass and sarcopenic index, particularly in patients with gastrointestinal cancer. There was an increase in the number of patients with a high nutritional risk, especially among those with gastrointestinal cancers. Despite stable BMI, the preservation of fat tissue and loss of muscle mass indicate a risk of developing sarcopenic obesity. The results emphasize the importance of early nutritional intervention, even in patients with mild nutritional risk
Integrated navigation systems on board ships
No full textTematika ovog rada usmjerena je na prikaz integriranog navigacijskog sustava. Slijedom velikog broja istraživanja koja su provedena u području sigurnosti plovidbe uvođeno je kako ljudske greška predstavlja temeljnu grešku u pogledu izazivanja različitih havarija. Moderni sustavi stoga su osmišljeni upravo da osiguraju sigurnost plovidbe. Naime, modernizacijom brodskih procesa osigurava se sigurna navigacija i plovidba, a jednako tako osigurava se i nadgledanje funkcioniranja različitih sustava na brodu. Oslanjajući se na modernu tehnologiju pomorsci mogu lako donositi odluke koje ne samo da su utemeljene na njihovom iskustvu, nego ujedno i na modernu tehnologiju.This work centers on presenting the integrated navigation system. Namely, as a result of a large number of research conducted in the field of navigation safety, it was concluded that human error cause a majority of maritime accidents. Modern systems are therefore founded precisely to ensure the safety of navigation. Namely, the modernization of ship processes ensures safe navigation and sailing, and also ensures monitoring of other systems of the vessel. Relying on modern technology, mariners can easily make decisions that are not only based on their experience, but also on modern technolog
Correlation between general coordination and graphomotor skills of preschool children
No full textMotorički razvoj može se definirati kao proces kroz koji dijete uči obrasce kretanja i motorička znanja. Motorička aktivnost igra glavnu ulogu ponajprije u jačanju djetetovih mišića, poboljšanju koordinacije i uvježbavanju finijih pokreta manipulacije, uključujući koordinaciju oko-ruka. Koordinacija je sposobnost upravljanja pokretima cijelog tijela ili dijela lokomotornog sustava koja se očituje brzinskom i preciznom izvedbom složenih motoričkih zadataka, odnosno brzim rješavanjem motoričkih problema. Grafomotorika predstavlja sposobnost pravilnog grafičkog oblikovanja slova rukom i sredstvom za pisanje, ali i složenu psihomotornu sposobnost u kojoj sudjeluje veliki broj mišića ruke, šake i prstiju. Kako bi dijete u određenoj fazi svoga razvoja savladalo grafomotoriku, ono mora proći cjelokupan motorički razvoj koji započinje razvojem grube motorike, a nastavlja se razvojem fine motorike. Primaran cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi povezanost opće koordinacije i grafomotorike kod djece predškolske dobi. Sekundarni cilj bio je utvrditi razlike opće koordinacije i grafomotorike s obzirom na spol te s obzirom na uključenost u integrirani sportski program. Istraživanje je provedeno na N=100 djece predškolskog uzrasta u godini pred polazak u školu. Razina opće koordinacije procijenjena je s tri testa: Hodanje četveronoške, Trčanje oko stalka i Korak dokorak. Razina grafomotorike procijenjena je testom vizualno - motoričke integracije (VMI). Utvrđena je statistički značajna povezanost između koordinacije i grafomotorike kod djece predškolske dobi. Rezultati su pokazali da djeca koja postižu bolje rezultate na testovima koordinacije postižu bolje rezultate na testu grafomotorike. Rezultati t-testa u testu grafomotorike (VMI) pokazali su statistički značajnu razliku aritmetičkih sredina s obzirom na spol. Dječaci su postigli statistički značajno bolji rezultat od djevojčica na testu VMI. Rezultati t-testa pokazali su statistički značajnu razliku u rezultatima na testu Trčanje oko stalaka i Hodanje četveronoške s obzirom na uključenost u dodatni integrirani sportski program (ISP). Djeca koja su uključena u ISP postižu bolje rezultate na testovima Trčanje oko stalaka i Hodanje četveronoške.Motor development can be defined as a process through which a child learns movement patterns and motor skills. Motor activity plays a major role primarily in strengthening the child's muscles, improving coordination and practicing finer manipulation movements, including hand-to-hand coordination. Coordination is the ability to manage the movements of the whole body or part of the locomotor system, which is manifested by the speed and precision of performing complex motor tasks, i.e. by quickly solving motor problems. Graphomotorics represents the ability to correctly shape letters by hand and a writing tool, but also a complex psychomotor ability in which a large number of muscles of the hand, hand and fingers participate. In order for a child to master graphomotor skills at a certain stage of his development, he must go through the entire motor development, which begins with the development of gross motor skills and continues with the development of fine motor skills. The primary goal of this research was to determine the correlation between general coordination and graphomotor skills in preschool children. The secondary goal was to determine differences in general coordination and graphomotor skills considering gender and involvement in an integrated sports program. The research was conducted on N=100 children of preschool age in the year before starting school. The level of general coordination was assessed with three tests: Walking on all fours, Running around the stand and Stepping. The level of graphomotor skills was assessed with the visual-motor integration (VMI) test. A statistically significant correlation was established between coordination and graphomotor skills in preschool children. The results showed that children who achieve better results on the coordination tests achieve better results on the graphomotor test. The results of the t-test in the graphomotor test (VMI) showed a statistically significant difference in the arithmetic means considering gender. Boys scored statistically significantly better than girls on the VMI test. The results of the t-test showed a statistically significant difference in the results of the Running around the stand and Walking on all fours test considering the involvement in the additional integrated sports program (ISP). Children who are involved in ISP achieve better results in the tests Running around the rack and Walking on all fours
Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis)- farm impact on meiofauna community structure in Novigrad Sea
No full textProgresivno širenje intenzivnih aktivnosti akvakulture podiglo je zabrinutost zbog utjecaja na morski okoliš. Utjecaj uzgoja školjkaša, koji se uglavnom sastoji od uzgajališta dagnji i kamenica, povezan je sa intenzivnim biotaloženjem izmeta i pseudofecesa u sedimentima na dnu koje mijenjaju fizikalne i kemijske karakteristike okoliša te posljedično utječu na bentos. Cilj ovog rada je bio utvrditi utjecaj uzgajališta dagnji (Mytilus galloprovincialis) smještenog u srednjem dijelu istočnog Jadranskog mora na morski okoliš kroz promjene brojnosti i sastava strukture zajednica meiofaune u sedimentu. Uzorci sedimenta prikupljeni su na dubini od 17 m, u triplikatnim uzorcima autonomnim ronjenjem na tri postaje: na rubu uzgajališta (i.e., P1), neposredno ispod uzgajališta (i.e., P2) te na referentnoj postaji (i.e., REF) koja se nalazi na udaljenosti oko 700 m od uzgajališta dagnji. Prilikom uzorkovanja prikupljeni su i popratni fizikalno-kemijski parametri, poput temperature, saliniteta, zasićenog kisika, otopljenog kisika, klorofila a, prozirnosti i pH vrijednosti mora. Obradom rezultata ustanovljeno je da je ukupna brojnost meiofaune najveća na postaji P2. Najveću brojnost čini skupina nematoda sa preko 93% i samim tim pokazuju svoju otpornost na potencijalne promjene u okolišu. Najveća bioraznolikost zabilježena je na REF postaji dok nisu zabilježene razlike u bioraznolikosti između postaja P1 i REF. Na sve tri postaje su pronađene skupine nematoda, copepoda te nauplii koje su ujedno i najbrojnije svojte, dok su rijetke svojte cladocera i isopoda pronađene samo na REF postaji. Rezultati ovog rada su pokazali da je prisutnost uzgajališta dagnji rezultirala povećanom ukupnom brojnošću meiofaune ispod samog uzgajališta, dok je ukupan broj svojti meiofaune bio manji ispod uzgajališta dagnji. Zapravo, ovi rezultati su pokazali manje razlike u strukturi zajednice meiofaune između istraživanih postaja, kao što je značajna dominacija nematoda u sedimentima pod utjecajem uzgoja školjkaša te potpuno izostajanje rijetkih svojti ispod samog uzgajališta u usporedbi sa kontrolnom postajom te postajom na rubu uzgajališta.The progressive expansion of intensive marine aquaculture activities has raised growing concerns about the impact of the marine environment. The impact of bivalve farming, which is mostly due to mussel and oyster farms, is related to the intensive biodeposition of the faeces and pseudo-faeces in the bottom sediments that modify the physical and chemical characteristics of the benthic environment and consequently affect the environment. The goal of the study was to determine the impact of a mussel farm situated in the middle Eastern Adriatic Sea on the marine environment through changes in the meiofaunal abundance and community structure in the sediment. Sediment samples were taken at the depth of 17 m, in three replicate corers by SCUBA diving at three stations: one located at the edge of the mussel farm (i.e., ST 1) and the other directly below the farm (i.e., ST 2) and at one control station (i.e., CTRL ST) situated at the distance of cca 700 m from the mussel farm. During the sampling, physicalchemical parameters were also recorded such as temperature, salinity, saturated oxygen, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll-a, turbidity and pH values. These results showed that the total abundance of meiofauna is the highest at P2. Nematoda prevailed and was the most abunded with over 93% of the total that showed their resistance to potential disturbances in the environment. The highest biodiversity was recorded at CTRL ST, while there were no differences found in biodiversity between P1 and CTRL ST. Nematoda, copepoda and nauplii were found at all three stations and were also the most abundant taxa, while cladocera and isopoda were found only at CTRL ST in terms of rare taxa. These results showed that the presence of the mussel farm resulted in increased total meiofaunal abundance under the farm, but caused an reduction in meiofaunal diversity. In fact, these preliminary results revealed minor differences in meiofaunal community structure between research stations, as the significant dominance of nematodes in sediments under the shellfish- farm impact and the gradual disappearance of rare taxa below the farm in comparison with CTRL ST and P1