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Historical development of institutional early childhood education and care
No full textOvim će se diplomskim radom iznijeti povijesni pregled razvoja institucijskog odgoja i obrazovanja predškolske djece od pojave prvih ustanova do danas. Ustanove za odgoj i obrazovanje male djece prije njihova polaska u školu počele su se javljati krajem 19. Stoljeća u Bavarskoj i Francuskoj, a zatim i u ostatku svijeta. Ovaj rad razmatra povijesne i društvene okolnosti koje su dovele do nastajanja takvih ustanova. Posebni naglasak stavljen je na razvoj tog područja na hrvatskim prostorima, od prvih zabavišta, preko razdoblja socijalizma do institucija za rani odgoj i obrazovanje u suvremenoj Hrvatskoj. Opisat će se posebno i razvoj programske i zakonske regulative odgojno-obrazovnog područja od pojave prvih programskih smjernica za rad predškolskih ustanova, do suvremenog kurikuluma, pružajući pregled ciljeva odgoja i obrazovanja male djece koji su se mijenjali tijekom razvojnih faza oblikovanja kurikuluma. Dotaknut će se temeljni pedagoški pravci i koncepcije koji su poslužili kao osnova za kreiranje predškolskih programa, a sadrže različite pristupe djetetu, njegovom učenju i cjelokupnom odgojno-obrazovnom radu. Također će se istaknuti važna uloga obrazovanja odgojitelja i razvoj stručnog osposobljavanja kroz povijest. Zaključit će se uvidom u budućnost razvoja ranog i predškolskog odgoja u institucijama, temeljem dosadašnjih iskustava i reformi tog područja koje su pratile društveno-politička kretanja i odgovarale na zahtjeve svakog pojedinog vremena.This thesis will present a historical overview of the development of early institutional education of preschool children from the appearance of the first institutions to the present day. Institutions for the upbringing and education of young children, before they go to school, began to appear at the end of the 19th century in Bavaria and France, and then in the rest of the world. This paper examines the historical and social circumstances that led to the establishment of such institutions. Special emphasis is placed on the development of this area in the Croatian territories, from the first play schools (kindergartens), through the period of socialism to institutions for early education in modern Croatia. The development of program and legal regulations in the educational field from the appearance of the first program guidelines for the work of preschool institutions to the modern curriculum will be described in particular, providing an overview of the goals of the upbringing and education of male children that changed during the development phases of curriculum design. The basic pedagogical directions and concepts that served as the basis for the creation of preschool programs will be touched upon, and contain different approaches to the child, his learning and overall educational work. The important role of teacher education and the development of professional training throughout history will also be highlighted. The paper will conclude with an insight into the future of development of the institutional early and preschool education, based on past experiences and reforms in that area that followed socio-political trends and responded to the demands of each particular tim
Creating conffesional beliefs in people who were not brought up in a religious manner
No full textU radu se razmatra na koji način osobe koje nisu odgajane konfesionalno stvaraju religiozna uvjerenja. S obzirom da se u odgojnom procesu u dijete od najranijeg doba usađuju vrijednosti i identitetski obrasci, a u te okvire spada i religioznost rad će se fokusirati na osobe koje nisu imale religijski odgoj od malena. Bilo da je riječ o rastu u ateističkim ili areligioznim obiteljima ili u obiteljima s mlakom vjerom. Problemski tema se obrađuje kroz prizmu (post)moderne sekularizacije, pastoralnog djelovanja Crkve, ali i s psihološkog aspekta. Tema se obrađuje kroz iščitavanje ranijih istraživanja i analizu razgovora s osobama koje su vjeru pronašle u kasnijem trenutku života neovisno o areligioznom odgoju. Cilj rada je sagledati životne okolnosti i društveni kontekst koji možebitno izazivaju interes za religiozno u osoba koje nisu primale vjernički poticaj od najuže okoline u najranijoj dobi. Ispitani sugovornici su različitih životnih dobi i dolaze iz različitih okolnosti i vremena. U radu se pokušava dati odgovor koliko razlike u kontekstu jesu ili nisu odrednice za vjerski razvoj te koji su najčešći uzroci okretanju ka konfesionalnosti. Također, razmatra se i utjecaj današnje duhovnosti na biranje konfesionalnog ili izvan konfesionalnog.The paper examines how people who were not brought up in a confessional manner create religious beliefs. Given that in the upbringing process, values and identity patterns are instilled in the child from the earliest age, and religiosity also falls within these frameworks, the paper will focus on people who did not have a religious upbringing from a young age. Whether it's growing up in atheist or non-religious families or in families with lukewarm faith. The problematic topic is treated through the prism of (post)modern secularization, the pastoral activity of the Church, but also from a psychological aspect. The topic is addressed through the reading of earlier research and the analysis of conversations with people who found faith later in life, regardless of their religious upbringing. The aim of the work is to look at the life circumstances and social context that may cause an interest in religion in people who did not receive religious encouragement from their immediate environment at an early age. The interviewed interlocutors are of different ages and come from different circumstances and times. The paper tries to answer how much differences in the context are or are not determinants for religious development and what are the most common causes of turning towards confessionalism. Also, the influence of today's spirituality on the choice of confessional or nonconfessional is considere
Corporate social responsibility on the example of HEP
No full textOvaj diplomski rad bavi se temom društveno odgovornog poslovanja (DOP), koje predstavlja suvremeni poslovni trend gdje poduzeća, uz ostvarivanje profita, preuzimaju odgovornost za utjecaj na okolinu. U radu se definira DOP, prati njegov razvoj od 1960-ih godina te analiziraju njegove razine, dimenzije, modeli, strategije i standardi, te se istražuju koristi koje DOP donosi poduzećima, kao i izazovi u njegovoj provedbi. Poseban fokus rada je analiza DOP-a na primjeru Hrvatske elektroprivrede (HEP), gdje se prikazuju korporativno upravljanje, financijski rezultati te način na koji HEP vodi brigu o zaposlenicima, zajednici i okolišu. Također je provedeno istraživanje putem ankete o DOP-u na poduzećima koja obavljaju svoje djelatnosti u Hrvatskoj. Cilj rada je istražiti DOP kao važan poslovni koncept i analizirati njegovu primjenu na primjeru HEP-a, uz dodatak perspektive drugih hrvatskih poduzeća. Korištene su metode deskripcije, indukcije, dedukcije, analize i sinteze te anketiranja. Rad završava analizom rezultata istraživanja i zaključkom.This graduate thesis deals with the topic of corporate social responsibility (CSR), which represents a modern business trend where companies, in addition to making a profit, take responsibility for the impact on the environment. The paper defines CSR, traces its development since the 1960s and analyzes its levels, dimensions, models, strategies and standards, and explores the benefits that CSR brings to companies, as well as the challenges in its implementation. A special focus of the paper is the analysis of CSR on the example of Hrvatske elektroprivreda (HEP), where corporate management, financial results and the way in which HEP takes care of their employees, the community and the environment are presented. Research was also conducted through a CSR survey on companies operating in Croatia. The aim of the paper is to research CSR as an important business concept and analyze its application on the example of HEP, with the addition of the perspective of other Croatian companies. The methods of description, induction, deduction, analysis and synthesis, and surveying were used. The paper ends with an analysis of research results and a conclusion
Strossmayer's legacy through the prism of monument protection – the parish church of St. Peter and Paul in Osijek
No full textStatus slobodnog i kraljevskog grada, koji je stekao početkom 19. stoljeća, Osijeku je omogućio razvoj gospodarstva. To će posebno biti očito u drugoj polovici istoga stoljeća, kada se u „gradu na Dravi“ otvaraju brojne tvornice i kada se broj stanovništva povećava. Osim toga, sredinom stoljeća za biskupa je izabran Osječanin Josip Juraj Strossmayer, koji je u povijesti ostao zapamćen kao veliki pokrovitelj kulture i umjetnosti. U svom rodnom gradu je dao izgraditi gimnaziju, sjemenište i druge građevine, među kojima se najviše ističe župna crkva sv. Petra i Pavla, koja je danas u središtu Osijeka. Njegovom inicijativom je, po nacrtima njemačkog arhitekta Franza Langenberga, u razdoblju od 1894.-1900. podignuta velebna crkva neogotičkog stila koja i danas izaziva divljenje. Tijekom povijesti je crkva doživjela brojna stradavanja, od kojih su ona iz Domovinskog rata 1991. i 1992. ostavila najveći trag. Odmah po završetku rata je započela obnova, koja traje i danas, što znači da preostaje još dosta vremena do njezina završetka. Bez obzira na sve, župna crkva sv. Petra i Pavla ostaje jedinstveni simbol grada Osijeka, kao što je to od prvog dana.The status of a free and royal city, which it acquired at the beginning of the 19th century, enabled Osijek to develop its economy. This would be especially evident in the second half of the same century, when numerous factories are opened in the "city on the Drava" and the population increases. Additionally, Josip Juraj Strossmayer from Osijek was elected bishop in the middle of the century, and was remembered in history as a great patron of culture and art. He had a gymnasium, a seminary and other buildings built in his hometown, including the parish church of St. Peter and Paul, which is located in Osijek's city center today. It was thanks to his initiative, according to the designs of the German architect Franz Langenberg, in the period from 1894 to 1900 that a magnificent neo-Gothic style church was built, which still inspires admiration today. Throughout its history, the church has experienced numerous casualties, of which those from the Homeland War in 1991 and 1992 left the biggest mark. Reconstruction began immediately following the end of the war, and it continues today, which means that there is still a lot of time left until it is finished. Regardless of everything, the parish church of St. Peter and Paul remains the unique symbol of the city of Osijek, as it has been since the first day
Realistic Characters in the Works of Ivana Brlić-Mažuranić
No full textU dječjim romanima veliku ulogu imaju dječji likovi. U ovom radu prikazani su realistički likovi u djelima naše najpoznatije i najcjenjenije spisateljice, Ivane Brlić-mažuranić. Prikazani su realistički likovi u njezinim najpoznatijim djelima Valjani i nevaljani, Škola i 69 praznici, Pustolovine šegrta Hlapića, Priče iz davnine i povijesnom romanu Jaša Dalmatin potkralj Gudžerata. Spisateljica je u svojim djelima oblikovala niz orginalnih, osebujnih i dinamičnih likova koji su nositelji autoričinih svjetonazora. Ona kroz svoje likove promiče: dobrotu, poštenje, domoljublje, rodoljublje i vjeru. U ovom radu također su prikazane i karakteristike dječjeg realističkog romana, pustolovnog romana, romana o siročetu bajke kao i samog života i stvaralaštva Ivane Brlić-Mažuranić.In children's novels, child characters play a significant role. This paper examines the realistic characters in the works of our most famous and esteemed writer, Ivana Brlić-Mažuranić. The focus is on the realistic characters in her most well-know works: Valjani i nevaljani ( the Good and the Bad), Škola i praznici ( School and Holidays), Pustolovine šegrta Hlapića, ( The Adventures of Hlapich the Apprentice), Priče iz davnine (Tales of Long Ago), and the historical novel Jaša Dalmatin potkralj Gudžerata ( Jaša Dalmatin, Viceroy of Gujarat). In her works, the autor created a range of orginal, distinctive and dynamic characters who reflect her personal worldview. Through these characters, Ivana Brlić-Mažuranić promotes values such as goodness, honesty, patriotism, love for the homeland, and faith. This paper also explores the characteristics of the children's realistic novel, adventure novels, the orphan novel, fairy tales, as well as the life and creativity of Ivana Brlić-Mažuranić
Comparison of olive phenotypes (Olea europaea L.) Plavica and Krupna drobnica with cvs. Oblica and Leccino in the Biograd area
No full textNa području Zadarske županije postoji niz lokalnih fenotipova (ekotipova) masline (Olea europaea L.) koje su maslinari zahvaljujući povoljnim agronomskim osobinama proširili u postojećim maslinicima. Takvi fenotipovi u pravilu nisu detaljno evaluirani niti istraženi, a predstavljaju potencijalno novu sortu masline. Stoga je cilj ovog završnog rada opisati morfološke karakteristike 'plavice' i 'krupne drobnice', te ih usporediti sa sortama 'oblica' i 'leccino' koje se mogu smatrati referentnim sortama masline zbog proširenosti i poznatih agronomskih karakteristika, na području Biograda na Moru. Usporedba odabranih fenotipova provedena je prema međunarodnoj priznatoj metodi (IOC metoda) na četiri stabla za svaki tip, a na temelju morfoloških karakteristika ploda, koštice i lista. Dobiveni podaci obrađeni su analizom varijance (ANOVA), a razlike između srednjih vrijednosti utvrđene su povratnim Tukey testom. Fenotip 'plavica' se sa sortom 'leccino' podudara u 6 od 7 kategorija, a sa sortom 'oblica' u 3 kategorije, dok se 'krupna drobnica' sa sortom 'leccino' podudara u 5 od 7 kategorija, odnosno sa sortom 'oblica' u 2 kategorije. S obzirom na poznate karakteristike sorti 'leccino' i 'oblica', a na temelju udjela mezokarpa koji je veći od sorte 'leccino' a manji od sorte 'oblica', kod može se zaključiti da fenotipovi 'plavica' i 'krupna drobnica' imaju potencijala za uspješan uzgoj. Potrebno je dalje nastaviti s detaljnim istraživanjima kvalitete i količine ulja kao i otpornosti prema štetnim organizmima.In the area of Zadar County, there is a number of olive ecotypes (Olea europaea L.) that olive growers have spread in existing olive groves thanks to their favorable agronomic characteristics. Such phenotypes generally have not been evaluated or investigated in detail, and represent a potentially new olive variety. Therefore, the aim of this final paper is to describe the morphological characteristics of local olive phenotypes Plavica and Krupna drobnica, and to compare them with cvs. Oblica and Leccino which can be considered reference olive varieties due to their prevalence and known agronomic characteristics, in the Biograd area. The comparison of the selected phenotypes was made on the basis of measurements carried out including fruits and leaves of four grown trees for each phenotype according to the internationally recognized method (IOC method). The obtained data is analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the differences between the measured values are determined by the Tukey feedback test. Phenotype of Plavica corresponds cv. Leccino in 6 out of 7 categories, and cv. Oblica in 3 categories. Phenotype Krupna drobnica corresponds with cv. Leccino in 5 out of 7 categories, and with cv. Oblica in 2 categories. Considering the already known characteristics of cvs. Leccino and Oblica, and based on the proportion of mesocarp which is higher than cv. Leccino and lesser than cv. Oblica, it can be concluded that phenotypes Plavica and Krupna drobnica have the potential for successful cultivation. Detailed research on the quality and quantity of oil as well as resistance to harmful organisms should be continued
Ideological and Political Changes in the (Croatian) National Party (1879-1905)
No full textRad pod naslovom Ideološke i političke mijene u Narodnoj (hrvatskoj) stranci (1879.-1905.) obrađuje ideologiju i djelovanje navedene političke stranke u navedenom razdoblju njezina postojanja. Narodna stranka je djelovala u austrijskoj pokrajini Dalmaciji, a na političku scenu je stupila početkom šezdesetih godina 19. stoljeća. Austrijska Dalmacija je u to vrijeme bila gospodarski i kulturno slabo razvijena te politički i prometno odvojena od ostalih hrvatskih pokrajina. U javnom životu pokrajine dominirao je talijanski jezik. Dalmatinski narodnjaci su bili prva politička opcija koja se zalagala za sjedinjenje pokrajine s banskom Hrvatskom i za pretvaranje materinjeg jezika većine dalmatinskog stanovništva u dominantni jezik pokrajinskog javnog života. Bilo je to vrijeme oblikovanja modernih nacija, a u Dalmaciji su se tada počele oblikovati tri nacije: hrvatska, srpska i talijanska. Narodna stranka je u početku svojeg postojanja okupljala dalmatinske etničke Hrvate i Srbe, koji su se zajedno suprotstavljali autonomaštvu i dominaciji talijanskog jezika u pokrajini, ali budući da su Srbi prolazili kroz proces vlastite nacionalne integracije, njihove nacionalne težnje su se počele razlikovati od onih koje su gajili Hrvati, te se u Narodnoj stranci 1879. godine dogodio raskol po nacionalnoj osnovi. Srbi su istupili iz stranke i osnovali vlastitu stranku pod imenom Srpska narodna stranka na Primorju. Uslijedile su godine prepiranja i političke borbe između narodnjaka i Srba, a s druge strane su na dalmatinskoj političkoj sceni i dalje djelovali autonomaši, također politički protivnici narodnjaka, koji su s vremenom sve otvorenije iskazivali talijanski nacionalni identitet, koji su im narodnjaci stalno osporavali. Narodna stranka je od 1870. godine bila vladajuća stranka u Dalmaciji, a 1879. godine je postala dio parlamentarne većine i u bečkom Carevinskom vijeću. Kao takva je većinu vremena održavala bliske veze sa središnjom austrijskom vladom, a njezina politika je često prelazila u oportunizam. Narodnjačka ideologija se tijekom vremena mijenjala, a značajnu promjenu je doživjela 1889. godine, kada je usvojen novi stranački program i kada je stranka promijenila ime u Narodna hrvatska stranka, čime se označila kao opcija koja zastupa one stanovnike Dalmacije koji sebe u nacionalnom smislu smatraju Hrvatima. Međutim, nezadovoljstvo dominantno oportunističkom politikom prema bečkoj vladi izazivalo je nezadovoljstvo u stranci, zbog čega je 1892. godine skupina narodnjaka istupila iz stranke. Ti su zastupnici dvije godine kasnije pristupili tada tek utemeljenoj dalmatinskoj Stranci prava, a pojava te stranke je za narodnjake predstavljala velik izazov. Uslijedila je borba za naklonost dalmatinskih Hrvata jednoj ili drugoj opciji, često obilježena žestokim sukobima u zadarskom i bečkom parlamentu te stranačkim tiskovinama. U toj borbi su narodnjaci bili u prednosti, dijelom i zato što ih je podupirala bečka vlada, ali pravaške ideje su uzimale sve više maha u Dalmaciji. Naposljetku su se Narodna hrvatska stranka i Stranka prava 1905. godine spojile u jednu stranku, što je bila posljedica ogromnog nezadovoljstva načinom na koji austrijske vlasti tretiraju Dalmaciju u gospodarskom, političkom i jezičnom smislu. Povijest Narodne (hrvatske) stranke završava tim spajanjem stranaka, a cilj ovog rada je objasniti kako je ta stranka, nastala kao društveni pokret koji je okupljao sve koji su se u Dalmaciji zalagali za sjedinjenje s banskom Hrvatskom i uvođenje „narodnog“ jezika u javni život, pod utjecajem procesa usložnjavanja političkih zahtjeva i diferencijacije političkih opcija, naposljetku pretvorila u političku stranku u užem smislu, koja zastupa samo jedan dio dalmatinskog stanovništva. Da bi se utvrdilo koji je to točno dio, koristit će se prozopografska analiza, odnosno metoda kolektivne biografije, a također će se analizirati i stranačka organizacija.The paper entitled Ideological and Political Changes in the (Croatian) National Party (1879- 1905) deals with the ideology and activities of the said political party in the said period of its existence. The People's Party was active in the Austrian province of Dalmatia and entered the political scene at the beginning of the 1860s. At that time, Austrian Dalmatia was economically and culturally poorly developed and separated from other Croatian provinces both politically and by traffic. The Italian language dominated the public life of the province. Dalmatian Narodnjaci were the first political option that advocated for the unification of the province with northern Croatia and for turning the mother tongue of most of the Dalmatian population into the dominant language of the province's public life. It was the time of the formation of modern nations, and three nations began to form in Dalmatia: Croatian, Serbian, and Italian. At the beginning of its existence, the National Party gathered Dalmatian ethnic Croats and Serbs, who together opposed autonomism and the dominance of the Italian language in the province, but since the Serbs were going through the process of their own national integration, their national aspirations began to differ from those that cultivated by the Croats, and in 1879 underwent a nationally motivated schism. The Serbs left the party and founded their own party called the Serbian National Party on the Primorje. Years of bickering and political struggle between the Narodnjaci and the Serbs followed, and on the other hand, the autonomists, also political opponents of the Narodnjaci, continued to operate on the Dalmatian political scene, and over time more and more openly expressed the Italian national identity, which the Narodnjaci constantly challenged. The National Party was the ruling party in Dalmatia from 1870, and in 1879 it became part of the parliamentary majority in the Imperial Council of Vienna. As such, it maintained close ties with the central Austrian government most of the time, and its politics often veered into opportunism. The ideology od Narodnjaci has changed over time, and it experienced a significant change in 1889, when a new party program was adopted and the party changed its name to the Croatian National Party, marking itself as an option that represents those inhabitants of Dalmatia who consider themselves Croats in the national sense. However, dissatisfaction with the dominantly opportunistic policy towards the Viennese government caused discontent in the party, which is why in 1892 a group of members left the party. Two years later, these deputies joined the then newly founded Dalmatian Party of Rights, and the appearance of that party represented a great challenge for the Narodnjaci. What followed was a struggle for the favor of the Dalmatian Croats on one or the other option, often marked by fierce conflicts in the Zadar and Vienna parliaments and in the party press. In that struggle, the Narodnjaci were at an advantage, partly because they were supported by the Viennese government, but right-wing ideas gained more and more momentum in Dalmatia. Finally, the Croatian National Party and the Party of Rights merged into one party in 1905, which was the result of enormous dissatisfaction with the way in which the Austrian authorities treated Dalmatia in economic, political and language terms. The history of the (Croatian) National Party ends with this merger of the parties, and the aim of this paper is to explain how that party, that was created as a social movement that gathered all the Dalmatians who stood for unification with northern Croatia and the introduction of the "people’s" language into public life, under the influence of the process of complication of political demands and differentiation of political options, eventually turned into a political party in the narrower sense, which represented only one part of the Dalmatian population. To determine exactly which part, a prosopographical analysis, i.e. a method of collective biography, will be used, and the party organization will also be analyzed
Primary School Teachers' Perspectives on Dance Structures in Physical Education Classes
No full textPles je od davnina neizostavan i važan dio društva, prisutan još od najranijih dana ljudske civilizacije. Rad istražuje stavove o primjeni plesnih struktura u nastavi Tjelesne i zdravstvene kulture. Također istražuje važnost plesa u odgojno-obrazovnom sustavu, povijest plesa te podjelu i ulogu plesa u razvoju motoričkih sposobnosti učenika. Empirijski dio ovog rada obuhvaća istraživanje stavova učitelja razredne nastave o plesnim strukturama u kurikulumu Tjelesne i zdravstvene kulture. Istraživanje je provedeno online anketnim upitnikom na uzorku od 50 učitelja iz Šibensko-kninske županije. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju stavove učitelja prema kojima je 68 % učitelja naučilo učenike neke plesne strukture, a 16 % učitelja nije. Rezultati istraživanja pružaju uvid u učestalost primjene plesnih sadržaja u nastavi, od ukupnih 50 sudionika istraživanja, njih 34 (68 %) je odgovorilo da je u sklopu nastave Tjelesne i zdravstvene kulture upoznalo učenike s nekom plesnom strukturom. Od 34 sudionika istraživanja, 12 (24 %) sudionika istraživanja odgovorilo je da učenike jednom tjedno upozna s nekom plesnom strukturom, 4 (8 %) sudionika istraživanja odgovorila su da jednom mjesečno upozna učenike s nekom plesnom strukturom, 13 (26 %) sudionika istraživanja odgovorilo je da jednom po polugodištu upozna učenike s nekom plesnom strukturom i 5 (10 %) sudionika istraživanja odgovorilo je da jednom godišnje učenike upozna s nekom plesnom strukturom. Uz ovaj glavni dio istraživanja, kako bi se dobili dubinski rezultati o korištenju plesnih struktura u nastavi Tjelesne i zdravstvene kulture, napravljena su dva intervjua: jedan s učiteljicom razredne nastave, a drugi s predmetnom nastavnicom Tjelesne i zdravstvene kulture. Iz teorijskog i empirijskog dijela diplomskog rada vidi se značaj korištenja plesa i plesnih struktura u nastavi osnovnoškolske razine kako za unaprjeđenje motoričkih sposobnosti tako i za poticanje kreativnosti kod učenika. Rad naglašava važnost plesnih struktura u nastavi kao sredstva za unaprjeđenje motoričkih sposobnosti i poticanje kreativnog izražavanja kod učenika.Dance has been an integral and important part of society since the earliest days of human civilization. This master’s thesis examines attitudes toward the application of dance structures in Physical Education classes. It also explores the importance of dance in the educational system, the history of dance, as well as the classification and role of dance in developing students motor skills. The empirical part of this thesis includes research on the attitudes of primary school teachers regarding dance structures in the Physical Education curriculum. The research was conducted using an online survey on a sample of 50 teachers from the Šibenik-Knin County. The results reveal that 68% of teachers have taught students some form of dance structure, while 16% have not. The results provided better look into the frequency of incorporating dance content in teaching. Of the total 50 participants, 34 (68%) have reported that they have introduced students with some type of dance structure as part of their Physical Education classes. Among those 34 participants, 12 (24%) stated they introduce a dance structure to students once a week, 4 (8%) once a month, 13 (26%) once per semester, and 5 (10%) once a year. In addition to this main part of the research, two interviews were conducted to obtain deeper insights into the use of dance structures in Physical Education classes: one with a primary school teacher and the other with a Physical Education teacher. The theoretical and empirical parts of this thesis highlight the significance of using dance and dance structures in primary education, both for enhancing motor skills and fostering creativity in students. The thesis emphasizes the importance of dance structures in school systems as a way of improving motor abilities and encouraging creative expression among students
Female characters in Raos's trilogy Eternally sorrowful laughter
No full textU diplomskom radu Ženski likovi u Raosovoj trilogiji Vječno žalosni smijeh pozornost je usmjerena na analizu najznačajnijih ženskih likova i prikaz slike žene. Trilogija Vječno žalosni smijeh autora Ivana Raosa sastoji se od tri romana koji prate Raosovo djetinjstvo, dječaštvo i mladenaštvo. Prvi dio trilogije Vječno nasmijano nebo objavljen je 1957. godine, a 1962. izlazi drugi dio pod nazivom Žalosni Gospin vrt, dok nekoliko godina kasnije, odnosno 1965. godine Raos objavljuje i posljednji dio trilogije Smijeh izgubljenih djevojaka. Nakon iznošenja biografskih i bibliografskih podataka i nakon predstavljanja svakog romana navedene trilogije, pozornost je usmjerena na sagledavanje položaja žene u razdoblju kraja 19. i početka 20. stoljeća. U svrhu bolje analize i sagledavanja položaja žene predstavljen je patrijarhalni oblik mišljenja, feminizam u Hrvatskoj i život u Dalmatinskoj zagori. Među prvim ženskim likovima izdvojene su Raosova majka Mara, baba Kata i Mala Marija. Dok se Raosova baba Kata istaknula kao netipična žena svojega vremena, majka Mara je posjedovala sve odlike tipične žene u jednoj patrijarhalnoj obitelji. Mala Marija predstavljala je prvu Raosovu dječačku ljubav, ali i prvo ljubavno razočaranje. U drugom dijelu trilogije istaknuti su ženski likovi u koje je mladi Raos bio zaljubljen, ali se njegova zaljubljenost očitovala samo u razmišljanjima i maštanjima. Treći dio trilogije odnosi se na likove običnih djevojaka i likove prostitutki. Dok su obične djevojke predstavljale objekt Raosove zaljubljenosti i njegove tjelesne požude, prostitutke, koje je Raos nazivao „izgubljenim djevojkama“ izazivale su njegovo sažaljenje i suosjećanje. Na kraju se moglo zaključiti kako su žene Raosovog djetinjstva, izuzev babe Kate koja je mladost provela školujući se izvan svoga rodnog mjesta, posjedovale tipične odlike patrijarhalne sredine i patrijarhalnog odgoja. Žene koje je Raos poznavao školujući se u Splitu bile su sasvim drugačije i slobodnije od žena njegovog rodnog mjesta. Također se moglo zaključiti i to da je odgoj u sredini u kojoj su vladali zakoni patrijarhata utjecao na Raosov odnos prema ženskim likovima.In the thesis Female characters in Raos's trilogy Eternal sad laughter, attention is focused on the analysis of the most significant female characters and the presentation of the image of a woman. The Eternally sad laughter trilogy by Ivan Raor is divided into three novels that follow Raos's childhood, boyhood and youth. The first part of the trilogy The Eternally smiling sky was published in 1957, in 1962 the second part was published, entitled The garden of the sorrowful Lady , and a few years later, i.e. in 1965, Raos published the last part of the trilogy The Laughter of lost girls. After the presentation of biographical and bibliographic information and after the presentation of each novel of the mentioned trilogy, the attention was focused on looking at the position of women in the period of the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. For the purpose of better analysis and insight into the position of women, the patriarchal form of thinking, feminism in Croatia and life in Dalmatian Zagora are presented. Among the first female characters, Raos' mother Mara, grandmother Kata and Little Marija are singled out. While Raos' grandmother Kata stood out as an atypical woman of her time, mother Mara possessed all the qualities of a typical woman in a patriarchal family. Little Marija represented Raos's first boyhood love, but also his first romantic disappointment. In the second part of the trilogy, the female characters with whom the young Raos was in love were highlighted, but his infatuation manifested itself only in thoughts and fantasies. The third part of the trilogy refers to the characters of ordinary girls and the characters of prostitutes. While ordinary girls represented the object of Raos's infatuation and his carnal lust, prostitutes, whom Raos called lost girls, evoked his pity and compassion. In the end, it could be concluded that the women of Raos's childhood, with the exception of grandmother Kate, who spent her youth studying outside her birthplace, possessed typical characteristics of a patriarchal environment and patriarchal upbringing. The women that Raos knew while studying in Split were completely different and freer than the men of his hometown. It could also be concluded that upbringing in an environment where the laws of patriarchy ruled influenced Raos's attitude towards female character