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The philosophical elements in the work of Petar Hektorović
No full textU ovom radu riječ je o Hektoroviću i njegovom djelu Ribanje i ribarsko prigovaranje, pri čemu se naglasak stavlja na njegov filozofski svjetonazor prilikom pisanja djela i izgradnje utvrde Tvrdalj. Nemoguće je ne uočiti Hektorovićev filozofski interes, tj. njegovo filozofsko znanje. Ovdje se stoga pokušavaju izlučiti i analizirati filozofske teme i interesi koji su prisutni u njegovu djelu. Hektorovićevo djelo u sebi sadrži filozofske elemente ili barem naznake etičkih, antropoloških, gnoseoloških, metafizičkih promišljanja i stavova, te jednako tako, onih religijskih, socioloških i političkih. Njegovi skriveni natpisi u utvrdi Tvrdalj još su jedan od dokaza za njegovo poznavanje filozofije, posebno antičke čiji elementi bivaju integrirani u Tvrdalj ne samo u formalnom smislu nego sačinjavaju sastavni dio njegove čitave koncepcije življenja u moralnom, društvenom i estetskom smislu. Stavljajući u prvi plan upravo prolaznost života, smrt, Boga, odnos duše i tijela, istinu i demokratizam, Hektorović nastoji pronaći potpuni smisao i svrhu života, zbog čega se odlučuje na svoje trodnevno putovanje pišući pritom svoje djelo Ribanje i ribarsko prigovaranje. Ono je ovdje, pored utvrde Tvrdalj, u središtu pozornosti, upravo obzirom na navedena pitanja i teme filozofskog karaktera koje se u ovome radu prikazuju i analiziraju.This paper discusses Hektorović and his work Fishing and Fishermen's Talk, with an emphasis on his philosophical worldview during the writing of the work and the construction of the Tvrdalj fortress. It is impossible not to notice Hektorović's philosophical interest, i.e., his philosophical knowledge. Therefore, an attempt is made here to extract and analyze the philosophical themes and interests present in his work. Hektorović's work contains philosophical elements or at least hints of ethical, anthropological, epistemological, metaphysical reflections and attitudes, as well as those of a religious, sociological, and political nature. His hidden inscriptions in the Tvrdalj fortress are further proof of his knowledge of philosophy, especially ancient philosophy, whose elements are integrated into Tvrdalj not only in a formal sense but also as an integral part of his entire concept of living in a moral, social, and aesthetic sense. By emphasizing the transience of life, death, God, the relationship between soul and body, truth, and democratism, Hektorović seeks to find the complete meaning and purpose of life, which is why he decides on his three-day journey, writing his work Fishing and Fishermen's Talk. This work, alongside the Tvrdalj fortress, is at the center of attention here, precisely in light of the mentioned philosophical questions and themes that are presented and analyzed in this paper
Mosaics of early Christian basilicas on the coastal part of the province of Dalmatia
No full textKasna antika može se razmatrati kao koncepcija koja pod tim pojmom želi razjasniti burnost kulturoloških i političkih događanja rimskog svijeta unutar općenitih okvira 3. i 7. stoljeća. Jedno od stajališta za promatranje tih zbivanja jest i materijalna kulturna baština poput mozaika. Riječ je o grani umjetnosti koja u vremenskom odsječku kasne antike prvenstveno služi svrsi izražajnog sredstva kršćanskih zajednica u vidu vizualnog predočenja bogoslovlja te kao slikovna vodilja u misterij kršćanske vjeroispovijesti i bogoslužja. U pogledu istočne obale Jadrana i nekadašnje provincije Dalmacije već obalni dio raspolaže nizom arheoloških lokaliteta s kasnoantičkim podnim mozaicima kršćanske tematike u različitim stanjima istraženosti i očuvanosti. Poznati mozaici uklopljeni su obično u interijer bazilike kao osnovne sakralne kasnoantičke građevine i predstavljaju svojevrstan ritmički obrazac liturgije. Bazilikalni prostor i mozaičke cjeline uklopljene u njega u međuodnosu su te u raspravi o kršćanskim simbolima na mozaicima ne mogu se tumačiti bez razumijevanja arhitekture baziliklanog sklopa čiji su sastavni dio. Reprezentativni primjeri takva jedinstva slike i prostora mogu se naići u antičkom Solinu. Kao sjedište nekadašnje rimske provincije Dalmacije Salona je bila i žarište djelovanja vlastite mozaičke škole-radionice. Iako su neka od drugih središta također imala vlastitu proizvodnju, jedino je Salona nudila naobrazbu na zanatskoj i akademskoj razini uz postojeću proizvodnju. Salonitanski majstori-mozaičari ostavili su žig na sveukupnoj kasnoantičkoj mozaičkoj produkciji provincije. Svakako nisu zanemariva mozaička dostignuća drugih lokaliteta poput onih u Starom Gradu na Hvaru, Zadru, Baškoj na Krku i drugih. Kao što je učestao slučaj u arheologiji, gotovo svaki od obrađenih lokaliteta trpi od nepoznanica proizašlih iz nepotpune istraženosti ili izgubljenosti materijala. Usprkos poznatim poteškoćama vezanih uz struku uz gotovo svaki lokalitet iznesen u ovom radu može se iščitati priča složena u kockicama svakoga mozaičkog poda.The Late Antiquity period can be regarded as a concept that tries to elucidate the tumultuous cultural and political affairs of the Roman world during the time frame between the 3rd and 7th century. One approach to observing these events is through material cultural heritage, such as mosaics. When speaking of mosaics, one is talking about an art form that, during the period of Late Antiquity, primarily the Christian communities used. They were utilized as a means of visual expression for their theology and as a visual guide towards the mystery of the Christian faith and liturgy. With regard to the eastern Adriatic coast and the Roman province of Dalmatia, its coastal area in its own right is rich with archaeological sites containing Late Antiquity floor mosaics in different stages of research and preservation. Furthermore, the studied mosaics are ordinarily embedded into the interior of basilical complexes, and they, so to speak, represent a form of rhythmical template for liturgy. In addition, it is worth noting that the basilica was the principal form of sacral architecture in Late Antiquity. The mosaics and the space they occupy in the basilica need to be viewed in conjunction with each other. Correspondingly, in order to grasp the symbolic nature of the visual representations on the mosaics, one has to acquire an understanding of the architectural space of the basilical complex itself. Such exemplary cases of basilical complexes with preserved mosaics can be found in the city of Solin. While once known as Salona and the capital of the Roman province of Dalmatia, it was the at the same time the base of operations of a mosaic academy-workshop. Although some other cities produced their own mosaic tiles, Salona solely offered education on an artisanal and academic level for its craftsmen alongside its own production. As a result, the mosaic craftsmen of Salona left their mark on the overall Late Antiquity mosaic production in the province. Nonetheless, there is an abundance of other archeological sites, such as Stari Grad on the island of Hvar, Zadar, Baška on the island of Krk, and others, that offer equally distinguished mosaic achievements. As is usual in archaeology, almost all the researched sites suffer from the same unknowns that originate from lost material or incomplete research. All things considered, in the case of almost all the presented sites in this paper, one can piece together a story that itself is pieced together in the tiles of every mosaic floor
Opportunities for Tourism Valorization of the Oenological and Gastronomic Heritage of Varaždin County
No full textKako gastronomski i enološki turizam poprimaju sve važniju ulogu u razvoju Varaždinske županije kao privlačne turističke destinacije, ovaj diplomski rad stavlja naglasak na jedinstvenu ponudu koju Županija nudi. Glavni fokus je na tradiciji i autohtonim jelima te lokalnim vinima kao iznimno kvalitetnim gastronomskim proizvodima. U radu se naglasak stavlja na tradicionalne recepte varaždinskoga kraja te lokalne i autohtone namirnice koje gastronomiju Varaždinske županije čine još privlačnijom. Kao srž same gastronomije izdvajaju se Varaždinski klipič, Varaždinsko zelje, Varaždinska heljda, Varaždinsko bučino ulje i Ludbreški hren. Kroz detaljnu analizu postojećih sadržaja istražuju se načini integracije gastronomije i enologije u postojeću turističku ponudu. Rad ispituje i suradnju između lokalnih proizvođača, ugostitelja, državnih tijela i turističkih stručnjaka bitnih za unaprjeđenje enološke i gastronomske ponude kroz stvaranje povoljnog imidža same Varaždinske županije. Prikupljeni podatci iz teorijskog okvira i empirijskog istraživanja (dubinski intervju i analiza jelovnika) ovaj rad pruža novi pogled na važnost gastronomske i enološke baštine kao jednog od ključnih faktora u privlačenju turista u samu destinaciju, a još bitnije, u očuvanju kulturnog identiteta Varaždinske županije i njezinih stanovnika.Since gastronomic and oenological tourism is taking on an increasingly important role in developing Varaždin County as an attractive tourist destination, this thesis emphasizes the unique offer that the County offers. The main focus is traditional and autochthonous dishes and local wines as extremely high-quality gastronomic products. The paper emphasizes the traditional recipes of Varaždin County and regional and autochthonous foods that make the gastronomy of Varaždin County even more attractive. Varaždin klipič, Varaždin cabbage, Varaždin buckwheat, Varaždin pumpkin oil, and Ludbreg horseradish stand out as the core of gastronomy. Through a detailed analysis of existing contents, ways of integrating gastronomy and enology into the existing tourist offer are explored. The paper also examines the cooperation between local producers, restaurateurs, government bodies, and tourism experts essential for improving the oenological and gastronomic offer through the creation of a favorable image of Varaždin County itself. Collected data from the theoretical framework and empirical research (in-depth interview and menu analysis), this paper provides a new perspective on the importance of gastronomic and oenological heritage as one of the key factors in attracting tourists to the destination itself, and even more importantly, in preserving the cultural identity of Varaždin County and its inhabitants
Language management in higher education in the context of internationalization
No full textGlobalizacija koja, s jedne strane, utječe na širenje jezičnih repertoara zastupljenih, između ostalog, i u visokoškolskom obrazovanju, a s druge strane, snažno potiče jezično ujednačavanje te promicanje samo nekih jezika, neraskidivo je povezana s jezičnom politikom i upravljanjem jezika na različitim društvenim razinama. Upravljanje jezikom postaje tako nužan element kod provođenja mobilnosti studenata i osoblja i razmjeni informacija (Darquennes, Plessis i Soler 2020). Ovaj rad istražuje stav studenata u Zadru prema ulozi jezika i višejezičnosti jezičnoj politici povezanoj s internacionalizacijom u visokoškolskom obrazovanju s naglaskom na percepcijI upravljanja jezikom u kontekstu sveučilišnih studija koji se na Sveučilištu u Zadru izvode na engleskom jeziku. U teorijskom smislu rad istražuje koncepte internacionalizacije, jezične politike, jezične raznolikosti, jezičnog upravljanja i visokoškolskog obrazovanja. Jezična politika definira se kao „politika nekog društva u oblasti jezika, odnosno kao skup principa, stavova i odluka u kojima se ogleda odnos te društvene zajednice prema verbalnom repertoaru kojim raspolaže“ (Earls, 2016, prema Bugarski, 1986). Upravljanje jezikom odnosi se na ponašanje prema jeziku, bilo da se radi o upravljanju pojedinca vlastitim diskursom ili o upravljanju jezikom od strane institucije (Spolsky, 2009). Ovo istraživanje teži odgovoriti na sljedeća pitanja: (1) na koji način studenti doživljavaju koncept internacionalizacije? (2) kakvu ulogu ima jezik u internacionalizaciji školstva? (3) koliko je studiranje na engleskom jeziku važno? (4) koje su dobrobiti i nedostaci uvođenja višejezičnosti u visokoškolsko obrazovanju? (5) kojim se strategijama upravljanja jezikom može olakšati internacionalizacija u visokoškolskim ustanovama? Naime, kako bi se ova pitanja istražila provest će se kvalitativno istraživanje na temelju polustrukturiranih narativnih individualnih i grupnih intervjua sa studentima različitih godina studija na Sveučilištu u Zadru.Globalization, on one hand, influences the expansion of linguistic repertoires present, among other areas, in higher education. On the other hand, it strongly encourages linguistic homogenization and the promotion of only certain languages, and is inextricably linked with language policy and language management at various social levels. Language management thus becomes an essential element in facilitating student and staff mobility and information exchange (Darquennes, Plessis, & Soler, 2020). This paper explores the attitudes of students in Zadar towards the role of language and multilingualism in language policy related to the internationalization of higher education, with a focus on the perception of language management in the context of university programs taught in English at the University of Zadar. Theoretically, the paper investigates the concepts of internationalization, language policy, linguistic diversity, language management, and higher education. Language policy is defined as “a society’s policy in the field of language, or as a set of principles, attitudes, and decisions reflecting that community’s relationship with its verbal repertoire” (Earls, 2016, as cited in Bugarski, 1986). Language management refers to behavior towards language, whether it involves managing one's own discourse or managing language by an institution (Spolsky, 2009). This research aims to answer the following questions: (1) How do students perceive the concept of internationalization? (2) What role does language play in the internationalization of education? (3) How important is studying English? (4) What are the benefits and drawbacks of introducing multilingualism in higher education? (5) What language management strategies can facilitate internationalization in higher education institutions? To address these questions, a qualitative study will be conducted based on semistructured narrative individual and group interviews with students from different years of study at the University of Zadar
Perioperative antithrombotic prophylaxis
No full textUvod. Anesteziologija je grana medicine usmjerena na brigu za pacijenta prije, tijekom i nakon kirurškog zahvata. Tromboprofilaksa predstavlja vrlo važan segment u anesteziologiji. Ona omogućava zaštitu od tromboembolijskih bolesti, poput duboke venske tromboze i plućne embolije. Od izuzetne je važnosti za sestrinsku praksu znati prepoznati znakove tromboze, kako bi se što prije moglo pristupiti rješavanju problema. Cilj rada. Proučiti i objasniti farmakološke i nefarmakološke metode perioperacijske antitrombotske zaštite. Rasprava. Prvi korak u procjeni tromboembolijskog rizika je prijeoperacijska procjena pacijenta u prijeoperacijskoj anesteziološkoj ambulanti, gdje se ujedno i procjenjuje rizik od krvarenja i tromboembolije. Procjena rizika temelji se na opsežnosti operacijskog zahvata, rezultata bodovne skale CHADS2, te same anamneze pacijenta. Operativne zahvate tako dijelimo u one niskog, srednjeg i visokog rizika. Antitrombotska zaštita sastoji se od nefarmakoloških i farmakoloških metoda, koje za cilj imaju spriječiti tromboembolijske komplikacije. Heparin, antagonisti vitamina K te novi oralni antikoagulansi spadaju u farmakološke metode perioperacijske antitrombotske zaštite. Zaključak. Perioperacijska antitrombotska zaštita predstavlja ključnu komponentu u anesteziološkoj praksi, koja doprinosi sigurnosti pacijenata i uspješnom ishodu kirurških zahvata. Uloga sestre od izuzetne je važnosti u prevenciji tromboembolijskih komplikacija, od primjene metoda zaštite, do prepoznavanja kliničke slike ukoliko do istih dođe.Introduction. Anesthesiology is a branch of medicine focused on patient care before, during and after surgery. Thromboprophylaxis represents a very important segment in anesthesiology. It provides protection against thromboembolic diseases, such as deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. It is extremely important for nursing practice to be able to recognize the signs of thrombosis, so that the problem can be solved as soon as possible. Aim and objective. To study and explain pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods of perioperative antithrombotic protection. Discussion. The first step in the assessment of thromboembolic risk is the preoperative assessment of the patient in the preoperative anesthesia clinic, where the risk of bleeding and thromboembolism is also assessed. The risk assessment is based on the extent of the surgery, the results of the CHADS2 scoring scale, and the patient's medical history. We also divide the operative procedures themselves into low, medium and high risk. Antithrombotic protection consists of non-pharmacological and pharmacological methods, which aim to prevent thromboembolic complications. Heparin, vitamin K antagonists and new oral anticoagulants belong to pharmacological methods of perioperative antithrombotic protection. Conclusion. Perioperative antithrombotic protection is a key component in anesthesiology practice, which contributes to patient safety and the successful outcome of surgical procedures. The nurses’ role is extremely important in the prevention of thromboembolic complications, from the application of protection methods to the recognition of the clinical picture if they occur
Risk factors for the development of postpartum depression
No full textTrudnoća, porod i razdoblje nakon poroda velike su životne promjene prepune novih izazova koji majkama mogu predstavljati stres, naročito onima koje se sa majčinstvom susreću po prvi put. Psihička prilagodba u postporođajnom razdoblju različita je u svake žene. Većina žena u postporođajnom razdoblju iskusi nekakav oblik psihičkih promjena blagog intenziteta koje su sasvim normalna pojava za to razdoblje. Međutim, u nekih žena, takve psihičke promjene mogu prerasti u ozbiljne psihičke poremećaje. Neki od najčešćih psihičkih poremećaja koji se javljaju u postporođajnom razdoblju su postporođajna tuga, postporođajna depresija, postporođajna psihoza i postporođajni post-traumatski stresni poremećaj. Osim u majki, ove promjene mogu se javiti i u očeva. Postporođajna depresija nastaje uobičajeno dva tjedna do tri mjeseca nakon poroda, no isto tako može nastati bilo kada tijekom prve godine nakon poroda. Na njen nastanak utječu brojni rizični čimbenici, a neke od skupina su fiziološki i biološki, psihološki, opstetricijski i pedijatrijski, socio-demografski i kulturalni rizični čimbenici. Pojavu postporođajne depresije karakterizira pogoršanje simptoma postporođajne tuge, prelazak tuge u depresivnost, osjećaj majke da nije dobra majka, da ne voli novorođenče, nemogućnost brige za sebe ili za novorođenče te u nekim slučajevima pojava suicidalnih misli. Dijagnoza se postavlja pomoću screening testova, a potvrđuje ju psihijatar. Liječenje se provodi ovisno o razini psihičkog poremećaja, a najčešći oblici liječenja su primjena medikamentozne terapije i psihoterapija. Uz navedeno, podrška i razumijevanje bližnjih, pomoć i podrška u svakodnevnom životu, zdrava prehrana, tjelesna aktivnost, dovoljno sna te edukacija budućih majki, njihove okoline, ali i šire javnosti, neki su od čimbenika kojima se može prevenirati nastanak postporođajne depresije, ali i ublažiti njen razvoj ukoliko nastane. Uloga medicinske sestre je upoznati pacijenticu sa prevalencijom postporođajne depresije, čimbenicima koji mogu utjecati na njen nastanak i simptomima koji ju karakteriziraju. Također, potrebno je pripremiti majku na sve nove izazove koji ju očekuju u razdoblju nakon poroda, savjetovati ju kako da se sa njima nosi, educirati je o svim postupcima koji su bitni u brizi oko novorođenčeta, ali i u brizi za sebe te joj biti podrška u procesu prilagodbe i učenja. Bitno je u sve to uputiti obitelj i okolinu majke te ih savjetovati da joj budu pomoć i podrška, kako u razdoblju do poroda, tako i nakon. Također, važno je educirati i zdravstvene radnike i širu javnost o postporođajnoj depresiji.Pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period are major life changes full of new challenges that can be stressful for mothers, especially those who are facing motherhood for the first time. Psychological adjustment in the postpartum period is different for every woman. In the postpartum period most women experience some kind of psychological changes that are mild intensity and are a completely normal occurrence for that period. However, in some women, such psychological changes can become serious mental disorders. Some of the most common mental disorders that occur in the postpartum period are postpartum sadness, postpartum depression, postpartum psychosis and postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder. In addition to mothers, changes in the postpartum period can also occur in fathers. Postpartum depression usually occurs two weeks to three months after childbirth, but can also occur at any time during the first year after childbirth. Its occurrence is influenced by numerous risk factors and some of the groups are physiological and biological, psychological, obstetric and pediatric, socio-demographic and cultural risk factors. Postpartum depression is characterized by worsening symptoms of postpartum sadness, the transition of sadness into depression, the feeling of the mother that she is not being a good mother, that she does not love the newborn, the inability to take care of herself or the newborn and, in some cases, the appearance of suicidal thoughts. The diagnosis is made by screening tests and it is confirmed by a psychiatrist. Treatment is carried out depending on the level of mental disorder and the most common forms of treatment are medical therapy and psychotherapy. In addition, support and understanding from family and friends, help and support in everyday life, healthy diet, physical activity, normal sleep schedule and education of mothers to be, their environment and public, are some of the factors that can prevent the onset of postpartum depression, but also mitigate its development if it occurs. The role of the nurse is to inform the patient about the prevalence of postpartum depression, the factors that can affect its occurrence and the symptoms that characterize it. Also, it is necessary to prepare the mother for all the new challenges that await her in the postpartum period, advise her on how to deal with them, educate her about all the procedures that are important in caring for a newborn, but also in caring for herself and support her in the process of adaptation and learning. It is important to include the mother's family and environment in all off this and advise them to provide help and support, both in the period before and after childbirth. Also, it is important to educate both healthcare professionals and the general public about postpartum depression
The relationship between perception of social exclusion, loneliness, cynicism, and trust
No full textSocijalna povezanost poboljšava emocionalnu stabilnost i samopouzdanje, smanjujući anksioznost i depresiju. Nasuprot tome, ostracizam, tj. postupci ignoriranja ili isključivanja izazivaju bol, tjeskobu, tugu i bijes. Usamljenost, često uzrokovana socijalnim isključivanjem, negativno utječe na psihološku dobrobit i socijalne odnose, što može dovesti do depresije i osjećaja bezvrijednosti. Reakcije na socijalno isključivanje mogu ovisiti o različitim osobnim i situacijskim čimbenicima, uključujući povjerenje i cinizam. Povjerenje pomaže u ublažavanju negativnih posljedica isključenja, dok cinizam može pojačati osjećaj izolacije. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati odnos između socijalne isključenosti, usamljenosti, cinizma i povjerenja. Istraživanje je provedeno primjenom online upitnika, koji je sadržavao mjere iskustava ostracizma, cinizma i povjerenja te usamljenosti na uzorku iz populacije studenata RH. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 138 sudionika, među kojima je 75% bilo ženskog spola, 23% muškog spola, a 2% nije se izjasnilo o spolu. Prosječna dob sudionika u uzorku bila je 22 godine. Statističkom analizom prikupljenih podataka utvrđeno je da su sudionici s većim rezultatima na mjerama iskustava socijalne ignoriranosti i isključenosti također imali i veće rezultate na mjeri usamljenosti. Nadalje, sudionici koji su imali veće rezultate na mjeri socijalne isključenost imali su niže rezultate na mjerama povjerenja i cinizma. Međutim, nije utvrđena statistički značajna korelacija između socijalne ignoriranosti i cinizma te povjerenja. Također, nije utvrđena statistički značajna korelacija između usamljenosti i cinizma.Social connection enhances emotional stability and self-confidence, reducing anxiety and depression. Conversely, ostracism, i.e., acts of ignoring or excluding, causes pain, anxiety, sadness, and anger. Loneliness, often caused by social exclusion, negatively affects psychological well-being and social relationships, potentially leading to depression and feelings of worthlessness. Reactions to social exclusion can depend on various personal and situational factors, including trust and cynicism. Trust helps mitigate the negative effects of exclusion, while cynicism can amplify feelings of isolation. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between social exclusion, loneliness, cynicism, and trust.The study was conducted using an online questionnaire, which included measures of experiences of ostracism, cynicism and trust, and loneliness on a sample of university students from Croatia. A total of 138 participants took part in the study, of which 75% were female, 23% were male, and 2% did not specify their gender. The average age of the participants was 22 years. Statistical analysis of the collected data revealed that participants with higher scores on the measures of experiences of social ignoring and exclusion also had higher scores on the loneliness measure. Furthermore, participants who scored higher on the social exclusion measure had lower scores on the trust and cynicism measures. However, no statistically significant correlation was found between social ignoring and cynicism and trust. Additionally, no statistically significant correlation was found between loneliness and cynicism
Public transport space: between privacy and sociality
No full textJavni je prijevoz javni prostor u pokretu koji podrazumijeva određen broj pojedinaca koji putuju zajedno u neposrednoj blizini. Shodno tome, javni prijevoz podrazumijeva društvenost. Međutim, pojedinci često posežu za metodama održavanja svoje privatnosti. S obzirom na to, cilj je istraživanja analizirati i objasniti ponašanja putnika i odnos prema privatnosti u javnom prijevozu, točnije u autobusu. Kako bi se ispitao cilj, korištena je metoda promatranja sa sudjelovanjem uz neformalne razgovore s putnicima. Prema rezultatima istraživanja putovanje se može opisati kao društvena situacija i događaj. Dakle, putnici dolaze u točno vrijeme na autobusnu stanicu obavljajući aktivnosti poput predaje prtljage, pokazivanja karte, sjedanja na rezervirano mjesto. Nadalje, aktivnosti putnika su raznolike, a neke su aktivnosti poput pogleda prema prozoru i stavljanja stvari na prazno sjedalo izvođene s namjerom kako bi se izbjegla interakcija s drugim putnicima. S druge strane, rezultati ukazuju na društvenost. Naime, autobus je mjesto prolaznih odnosa koje karakterizira kratkotrajnost poput pitanja vezanih za vrijeme dolaska autobusa. Također, zamijećeni su slučajevi poznanstava i segmentalnog odnosa u kojima putnici nepoznati jedni drugima dijele dio informacija o sebi. Zatim, rezultati istraživanja ukazuju na ponašanja putnika koja su prikladna i u skladu s pravilima javnog prijevoza poput vođenja telefonskog razgovora potiho i poštovanja tuđeg prostora. Međutim, prema nekim rezultatima istraživanja autobus je mjesto podložno antisocijalnim ponašanjima poput svađanja oko mjesta sjedenja. Antisocijalna ponašanja mogu poljuljati ugođaj putovanja uzrokujući negativne reakcije kod drugih prisutnih.Public transport is a public space in motion that involves a certain number of individulas traveling together in close proximity. Accordingly, public transport implies a sociability. However individuals often resort to methods to maintain their privacy. Considering this, the aim of this research is to analyze and explain the behavior of passengers and their attitude toward privacy in public transport, specifically on the bus. In order to investigate the objective, a method od observation with participation and informal conversations was used. According to the research results, travel can be described as a social situation and occasion. Therefore, passengers arrive at the station at a specific time performing activities such as showing their tickets, and sitting in reserved seats. Futhermore, passenger activities are varied, and some activities are used with the intention of avoiding interaction with other passengers, such as looking out of the window, or placing items on an empty seat. On the other hand, the reults indicate sociability. Namely, the bus is a place of fleeting relationships that are characterized by short duration, such as quaestions related to the arrival time od the bus. Additionally, some cases of acquaintances and segmental relationships were noted, in which unfamiliral passengers share some information about themselves. Then, the research results indicate the behaviors of passengers that are appropriate and in accordance with the rules of public transport, such as sitting in reserved seats, and respecting the space of others. However, according to some research results, the bus is a place prone to antisocial behavior such as arguing over seats. Antisocial behaviors can diminish the comfort of travel, casuing negative reactions among other passengers
Reflection on the Anthropocene concept in contemporary literature
No full textDie vorliegende Arbeit analysiert, inwiefern der Roman Ein guter Mensch von Jürgen Bauer literarisch die Fragen des Anthropozäns behandelt. Das Anthropozän ist ein geologischer Zeitraum, in dem die Erde und ihre Ökosysteme durch menschliche Aktivitäten stark verändert werden. Die Arbeit untersucht, wie Bauer in seinem dystopischen Roman diese globalen Probleme darstellt und welche Erzähl- und Stilmittel er dafür verwendet. Bauer schildert eine Zukunft, in der extreme Hitze und Wassermangel das tägliche Leben der Menschen beherrschen. Marko, der Hauptcharakter, ist ein Wasserlieferant in einer Stadt, in der starke Akteure die Macht haben. Er steht vor moralischen Schwierigkeiten und bemüht sich darum, in einer korrupten und unfairen Gesellschaft seine Unversehrtheit zu wahren. Wasser steht im Mittelpunkt von Macht und Überleben und die Auseinandersetzung um diese Ressource reflektiert die sozialen und ethischen Auseinandersetzungen der Charaktere. Der Vergleich von Ilija Trojanows EisTau und Marlen Haushofers Die Wand zeigt, wie vielfältig die Herangehensweise an das Anthropozän in der modernen Literatur ist. Ein guter Mensch konzentriert sich auf moralische Dilemmata und die Verantwortlichkeit des Einzelnen in einer krisenhaften Welt, die Wand hebt Isolation und Selbstgenügsamkeit hervor und EisTau die Wichtigkeit eines sozialen Bewusstseinswandels. Bauers Buch regt an, ethische Fragen zu diskutieren und im Anthropozän ein verantwortungsbewusstes Verhalten zu entwickeln.Ovaj rad analizira na koji način se roman Ein guter Mensch Jürgena Bauera književno bavi pitanjima antropocena. Antropocen je geološko razdoblje u kojem ljudske aktivnosti uvelike mijenjaju Zemlju i njezine ekosustave. Rad ispituje kako Bauer predstavlja te globalne probleme u svom distopijskom romanu i koja narativna i stilska sredstva koristi da bi to postigao. Bauer opisuje budućnost u kojoj ekstremne vrućine i nedostatak vode dominiraju svakodnevnim životom ljudi. Marko, glavni lik, dostavljač je vode u gradu u kojem vlasti drže jake snage. Suočava se s moralnim dilemama i bori se da održi svoj integritet u korumpiranom i nepoštenom društvu. Voda je u centru moći i opstanka, a borba oko ovog resursa odražava društvene i etičke borbe likova. Usporedba EisTau Ilije Trojanowa i Die Wand Marlen Haushofer pokazuje koliko je raznolik pristup antropocenu u modernoj književnosti. Ein guter Mensch fokusira se na moralne dileme i odgovornost pojedinca u krizom opterećenom svijetu, Die Wand naglašava izolaciju i samodostatnost, a EisTau naglašava važnost promjene u društvenoj svijesti. Bauerova knjiga potiče na raspravu o etičkim pitanjima i razvijanje odgovornog ponašanja u antropocenu.This paper analyzes the extent to which Jürgen Bauer's novel Ein guter Mensch literary addresses the questions of the Anthropocene. The Anthropocene is a geological period in which the Earth and its ecosystems are being greatly altered by human activities. The paper examines how Bauer presents these global problems in his dystopian novel and which narrative and stylistic devices he uses to achieve this. Bauer describes a future in which extreme heat and lack of water dominate people's daily lives. Marko, the main character, is a water delivery man in a city where strong powers hold authority. He faces moral dilemmas and struggles to maintain his integrity in a corrupt and unfair society. Water is at the heart of power and survival, and the struggle over this resource reflects the social and ethical struggles of the characters. The comparison of Ilija Trojanow's EisTau and Marlen Haushofer's Die Wand shows how diverse the approach to the Anthropocene is in modern literature. Ein guter Mensch focuses on moral dilemmas and individual responsibility in a crisis-ridden world, Die Wand highlights isolation and self-sufficiency, and EisTau emphasizes the importance of a shift in social consciousness. Bauer's book encourages us to discuss ethical questions and develop responsible behavior in the Anthropocene
Post-war situation in Central Dalmatia from 1945 to 1960
No full textOvaj diplomski rad istražuje poslijeratno stanje na području srednje Dalmacije urazdoblju od 1945. do 1960. godine s naglaskom na djelovanje sigurnosnih službi, političke procese te ekonomski i društveni razvoj. Kroz analizu dokumenata OZN-ei UDB-e rad prikazuje metode i opseg represivnih mjera protiv takozvanih državnihneprijatelja, uključujući likvidacije i sudske procese. Sigurnosne službe imale suključnu ulogu u održavanju režima, a spisi tih službi otkrivaju mnogo o tadašnjoj političkoj situaciji i svakodnevnom životu stanovništva. Dokumenti pokazuju kakosumjere represije bile usmjerene na eliminaciju političkih protivnika i održavanje vlasti.Osim toga, rad analizira gospodarske prilike, ističući neravnomjeran razvoj izmeđuurbanih i ruralnih područja, zastarjelu i fragmentiranu poljoprivredu te nedovoljnorazvijenu industriju i infrastrukturu. Ovi podaci pružaju uvid u složene političke, ekonomske i društvene dinamike koje su oblikovale srednju Dalmacijuuposlijeratnom razdoblju.This thesis explores the post-war situation in the region of Central Dalmatia from1945 to 1960, with a focus on the activities of security services, political processes, and economic and social development. Through an analysis of documents fromOZN- a and UDB-a, the thesis examines the methods and scope of repressive measures against so-called state enemies, including executions and judicial processes. Thesecurity services played a crucial role in maintaining the regime, and their records reveal much about the political climate and daily life of the population at that time. These documents show how repressive measures were aimed at eliminating political opponents and maintaining power. Additionally, the thesis analyzes the economicconditions, highlighting the uneven development between urban and rural areas, theoutdated and fragmented agriculture, and the underdeveloped industry andinfrastructure. These insights provide a comprehensive understanding of the complexpolitical, economic and social dynamics that shaped Central Dalmatia in the post-war period