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The Basis of the Economy of the Illyrian Kingdom
No full textOvaj rad prati ekonomske aktivnosti Ilira na istočnojadranskoj obali od otprilike 4. st. pr. n. e. pa sve do uspostave rimske vlasti i promjena koje ona sa sobom donosi na ove prostore. U njemu se ne donosi generalna društveno-politička slika prostora, nego se, oslanjajući se se na djela klasičnih autora i rezultate arheoloških istraživanja pokušava prikazati privrednu aktivnost Ilira počevši s primarnim ekonomskim aktivnostima, stočarstvom, nerijetko transhumantnim, poljoprivredom te lovom i ribolovom koji su činili najvažnije privredne aktivnosti za preživljavanje zajednica. Nadalje, ilirska razmjenska i trgovačka aktivnost usko je povezana s Grcima i grčkom kolonizacijom. Grčka prisutnost na istočnojadranskoj obali dovela je do djelomičnog rasvjetljavanja života ilirskih zajednica koje dolaze u kontakt s naprednijom civilizacijom od koje uče u smislu gradnje, brodogradnje, kovanja novca, ali i od koje i profitiraju. Profitirali su, osim u smislu razmjene i trgovine mijenjajući svoje proizvode biljnog i životinjskog porijekla za luksuzne grčke proizvode i vino, i kroz gusarske i piratske aktivnosti stvarajući probleme u plovidbi istočnojadranskom obalom, ali i napadajući grčku obalu. Upravo su ove gusarske aktivnosti, uz određene društveno-političke prilike, dovele do rimske intervencije te kasnijeg potpunog potpadanja pod rimsku vlast.This paper traces the economic activities of the Illyrians on the eastern Adriatic coast from approximately the 4th century BC until the establishment of Roman rule. It does not give a general socio-political picture of the area, instead with the guideline of the works of classical authors and the results of archaeological research it tries to show the economic activity of the Illyrians. Firstly, primary economic activities are taken into account like animal husbandry, often transhumance, agriculture, hunting and fishing, which were the most important economic activities for the survival of the communities. Furthermore, Illyrian exchange and trading activity is closely related to the Greek colonization of eastern Adriatic. The Greek presence on the eastern Adriatic coast led to a partial elucidation of the life of Illyrian communities that 126 came into contact with an advanced civilization from which they learned in terms of construction, shipbuilding, and coinage, and from which they also profited. They profited, in terms of exchange and trade, exchanging their agricultural and animal products for luxury Greek products and wine. Also, they profited through pirate activities, creating problems in navigation along the eastern Adriatic coast and also attacking the Greek coast. It was these pirate activities, along with certain socio-political circumstances, that led to the Roman intervention and the eventual complete fall under Roman rule
The impact of expertise on working memory in chess tasks
No full textKroz povijest i razvoj psihologije kao znanosti pamćenje i procesi koji utječu na pamćenje često su bili u fokusu istraživanja. U novije vrijeme počelo se razmatrati na koje načine različiti vanjski procesi ili vještine mogu utjecati na pamćenje te kako određene vještine djeluju na procese pamćenja. Šah se smatra kognitivnom igrom u kojoj se uz pomoć različitih kognitivnih sposobnosti dolazi do bolje i kvalitetnije igre. Između ostaloga, istraživanja su pokazala da šahisti imaju neke kognitivne sposobnosti izraženije i bolje razvijene od nešahista, a što je demonstrirano prilikom rješavanja sličnih kognitivnih zadataka. Novija istraživanja pokazala su da je bolje rezultate prilikom ispitivanja nekih sposobnosti, primjerice kratkotrajnog pamćenja, moguće objasniti utjecajem ekspertize unutar područja rješavanja nekog zadatka. Ekspertiza unutar nekog područja odnosi se na ekstenzivno znanje i iskustvo koje pojedinac ima vezano uz djelovanje i teoretiziranje unutar tog istog područja. Cilj ovog istraživanja je ispitati kako ekspertiza u šahu utječe na radno pamćenje šahista u usporedbi s nešahistima. U ispitivanju je sudjelovalo 36 ispitanika – 18 šahista iznimno visokog nivoa i 18 „nešahista“ u dobi od 18 do 45 godina koji su rješavali zadatke dosjećanja šahovske pozicije i zadatak dosjećanja brojeva, pri čemu se mjerio broj njihovih pogrešaka pri dosjećanju. Dobiveni rezultati ukazuju da nije bilo razlika među šahistima i nešahistima prilikom rješavanja nešahovskog zadatka, kao ni razlika s obzirom na vrstu zadatka dosjećanja kod grupe nešahista. Međutim, šahisti su pokazali značajne razlike u rješavanju zadataka dosjećanja šahovske pozicije naspram dosjećanja brojeva, pri čemu su se bolje dosjećali šahovskih pozicija. Također, dobivena je značajna razlika između šahista i nešahista prilikom rješavanja šahovskog zadatka, pri čemu su šahisti radili manje pogrešaka od nešahista.Throughout the history and development of psychology as a science, memory and the processes that influence memory processes have often been the focus of research. More recently, it has begun to consider the ways in which different external processes or skills can affect memory as such, and how certain skills affect memory processes. Chess is considered a cognitive game in which different cognitive abilities are used to achieve a better and better game. Among other things, research has shown that chess players have some cognitive abilities that are more pronounced and better developed than non-chess players, demonstrated when solving similar cognitive tasks. Recent research has shown that one of the possible explanations for better results when testing some abilities, for example shortterm memory, can be explained by the influence of expertise within the area of solving a certain task. Expertise within a field refers to extensive knowledge and experience that an individual has related to action and theorizing within that same field. The goal of this research was to determine the influence of expertise on working memory, manipulating the type of recall task in accordance with the expertise of the participants, in the case of this research - chess players and non-chess players. There were 36 subjects between the ages of 18 and 45 that took part in the test, solving the tasks of remembering chess positions and the task of remembering numbers, in which the number of their errors in remembering was measured. The obtained results indicate that there were no differences between chess players and non-chess players when solving the non-chess task, as well as no differences regarding the type of recall task in the group of non-chess players, while chess players showed significant differences in solving the tasks of recalling chess positions versus recalling numbers, where they performed better guessed chess positions. Also, a significant difference was obtained between chess players and non-players when solving the chess task, whereby chess players made fewer mistakes than non-players
Characteristics of radio advertisements on the example of Zadar radio stations
No full textRazvojem poslovnog svijeta marketing, tradicionalan i digitalni, postaje nezaobilazan dio svakog profitnog i neprofitnog poslovnog subjekta. Marketinškim aktivnostima brendovi dopiru do novih i već postojećih kupaca te na taj način jačaju svoj status i učvršćuju svoju poziciju na tržištu. Jedan od mnogih marketinških alata kojim se privlače potrošači i šalju poruke je i dalje radio. U prvom djelu rada je opisan općeniti pojam medija. Zatim je pojašnjen pojam radija i oglašavanje putem radija u Hrvatskoj. Ukratko je navedena povijest radija i svijetu i u Hrvatskoj te je analizom sadržaja napravljeno empirijsko istraživanje. U empirijskom dijelu rada se prikazuju uvjeti oglašavanja i cjenici najpopularnije tri Zadarske radio stranice - Novog Radija Zadar, HRT Radija Zadar i 057 Radija. Uspoređene su ponude navedenih radija te su opisani oglasi koji su zabilježeni na web stranicama radio stanica. Cilj rada je bio prikazati radio kao medij koji opstaje i koji je i dalje popularan unatoč ubrzanom, konstantnom razvoju različitih novih medija. Radio je i dalje ostao prisutan medij uz široku dostupnost zbog čega ga se može i dalje smatrati izuzetno snažnim oglašivačkim alatom.Traditional and digital marketing is becoming an essential component of every profit and nonprofit business entity as the business world develops. Brands can improve their standing and position in the market by reaching both new and existing consumers through marketing initiatives. One of the many marketing tools used to attract consumers and send messages is still radio. The basic idea of media is explained in the paper's opening section. Next, the meaning of radio in Croatia and radio advertising was explained. A brief overview of radio's global and Croatian histories is given, along with the results of an empirical study using content analysis. The paper's empirical section includes price lists and advertising terms for the Novi Radio Zadar, HRT Radio Zadar, and 057 Radio, which are the three most popular radio sites in Zadar. The deals made by the radio stations listed were contrasted, and the commercials found on their websites were explained. The work's objective was to demonstrate radio's ability to endure and maintain its popularity in the face of the rapid and ongoing growth of other forms of media. Radio can still be regarded as a very effective advertising tool since it is a current media that is widely accessible
The use of the Kaizen method illustrated through the example of Toyota company
No full textTema ovog diplomskog rada je primjena Kaizen filozofije u automobilskoj industriji, s posebnim fokusom na kompaniju Toyota. U radu se detaljno razmatraju principi lean menadžmenta, njegove tehnike i alati, a posebna pažnja posvećena je implementaciji Kaizena u proizvodnim procesima automobilske industrije. Kaizen, što u prijevodu s japanskog znači kontinuirano poboljšanje, predstavlja metodologiju koja omogućava stalno unaprjeđenje radnih procesa, s naglaskom na uključivanje radnika u predlaganje i provođenje promjena. Toyota je prepoznata kao pionir u primjeni Kaizen filozofije, gdje su radnici na svim razinama poticani na sudjelovanje u procesu poboljšanja, čime se osigurava neprekidno unaprjeđenje kvalitete i smanjenje gubitaka u proizvodnji. Kroz analizu Toyotinog pristupa, rad istražuje kako Kaizen metode doprinose povećanju efikasnosti, smanjenju troškova i poboljšanju kvalitete proizvoda. Cilj ovog rada je analizirati utjecaj Kaizena na poslovanje u automobilskoj industriji, s naglaskom na Toyotinu praksu. U radu se koriste metode analize i sinteze, deskripcije, kompilacije i dedukcije kako bi se utvrdilo na koji način Kaizen doprinosi povećanju kvalitete i uspješnosti u proizvodnim procesima te smanjenju pogrešaka i gubitaka.The topic of this thesis is the application of the Kaizen philosophy in the automotive industry, with a particular focus on the company Toyota. The paper thoroughly examines the principles of lean management, its techniques, and tools, with special attention given to the implementation of Kaizen in the manufacturing processes of the automotive industry. Kaizen, which translates from Japanese as continuous improvement, is a methodology that facilitates the ongoing enhancement of work processes, emphasizing the involvement of employees in suggesting and implementing changes. Toyota is recognized as a pioneer in the application of the Kaizen philosophy, where employees at all levels are encouraged to participate in the improvement process, ensuring continuous enhancement of quality and reduction of production losses. Through the analysis of Toyota's approach, the paper explores how Kaizen methods contribute to increasing efficiency, reducing costs, and improving product quality. The aim of this thesis is to analyze the impact of Kaizen on operations in the automotive industry, with a focus on Toyota's practices. The study employs methods of analysis and synthesis, description, compilation, and deduction to determine how Kaizen contributes to improving quality and success in manufacturing processes while reducing errors and losses
The role of the nurse in the correct use of personal protective equipment
No full textUvod: Korištenje osobne zaštitne opreme od izuzetne je važnosti za očuvanje zdravlja i sigurnosti djelatnika u zdravstvenim ustanovama. Osobna zaštitna oprema ne samo da štiti zdravstvene djelatnike od različitih infekcija, već ima i važnu ulogu u obavljanju kvalitetne skrbi o pacijentima tako što smanjuje daljnje širenje zaraznih bolesti. Cilj rada: U ovom radu prikazat će se uloga medicinske sestre u pravilnoj uporabi osobne zaštitne opreme. Rasprava: U radu će se prikazati važnost pravodobne primjene osobne zaštitne opreme od strane medicinskih sestara, te neophodnost educiranja o istoj. Također, istaknut će se i higijena ruku kao najvažnija mjera sprječavanja infekcija povezanih sa zdravstvenom skrbi. Zaključak: Medicinske sestre imaju ključnu ulogu kod upotrebe osobne zaštitne opreme, kao i kod educiranja drugih o istoj. Njihova uloga je neophodna kako bi se uspješno kontrolirale i spriječile infekcije. Jedna od bitnijih stavki u postizanju ovog cilja je edukacija pacijenata i njihovih obitelji, te uspješna komunikacija sa ostatkom zdravstvenog tima.Introduction: The use of personal protective equipment is extremly important for the preservation of health and safety of employees in healthcare institutions. Personal protective equipment not only protects healthcare workers from various infections, it also has an important role in performing quality patient care by reducing the further spread of infectious diseases. Objective: This paper will present the role of the nurse in the proper use of personal protective equipment. Discussion: This paper will show the importance of timely application of personal protective equipment by nurses, and the necessity of education about it. Also, hand hygiene will be highlighted as the most important measure to prevent infections related to health care. Conclusion: Nurses have a key role in the use of personal protective equipment, as well as in educating others about it. Their role is necessary to successfully control and prevent infections. One of the most important thing in achieving this goal is the education of patients and their families, and successful communication with the rest of the healthcare team
The language and script of Glagolitic graffiti
No full textU ovom su radu predstavljene glavne osobitosti glagoljskih grafita, njihovi tipični autori i geografska rasprostranjenost. Posebno je sagledana problematika jezika i pisma tekstova glagoljskih grafita te je na dva primjera dana analiza jezičnih obilježja, koja s jedne strane pokazuje osobitosti hrvatskoga crkvenoslavenskoga, a s druge strane osobitosti hrvatskoga narodnoga (čakavskog) jezika. Time se pokazuju i glavna obilježja povijesti hrvatskog jezika koja su posredovana i u glagoljaškim kodeksima.This paper presents the main features of Glagolitic graffiti, their typical authors and geographical distribution. The problem of the language and script of the Glagolitic graffiti texts is especially considered, and an analysis of language characteristics is given on two examples, which on the one hand shows the peculiarities of the Croatian Church Slavonic and on the other hand the peculiarities of the Croatian vernacular (Čakavian) language. This also shows the main characteristics of the history of the Croatian language, which are also mediated in the Glagolitic codices
Mediterranean motifs in the poetry of Drago Ivanišević
No full textDrago Ivanišević autor je čija je poezija obilježila hrvatsku književnost 20. stoljeća. Bio je pjesnik duboko povezan s mediteranskim motivima i pejzažima, poznat po svojim emocionalno snažnim i slikovitim stihovima. Njegovo stvaralaštvo prožeto je ljubavlju prema zavičaju, posebno dalmatinskom području, i često je pisao čakavskim dijalektom, čime je njegovao autentičnost i lokalnu kulturu. Ističe se poetskom introspektivnosti, kombinirajući slike prirode s temama egzistencijalnih borbi, prolaznosti života i ljubavi. Njegova poezija nosi prepoznatljiv lirski izraz, često reflektirajući avangardne i ekspresionističke utjecaje. Iako je bio modernist, Ivanišević nije slijedio tekstualističku destrukciju stvarnosti, već je stvarao snažne poetske slike koje su spajale europske poetske trendove s hrvatskom tradicijom. Njegova djela, poput zbirke Jubav, istražuju bliskost čovjeka i prirode, dok njegovi stihovi često dočaravaju tjeskobne egzistencijalne trenutke, što daje njegovoj poeziji emotivnu dimenziju. U svojoj poeziji koristi jezik kao sredstvo za izražavanje dubljih slojeva iskustava i emocija, prelazeći okvire obične komunikacije.Drago Ivanišević is an author whose poetry left a significant mark on 20th-century Croatian literature. He was a poet deeply connected to Mediterranean motifs and landscapes, known for his emotionally charged and vivid verses. His work is infused with a deep love for his homeland, particularly the Dalmatian region, and he often wrote in the Chakavian dialect, thereby fostering authenticity and local culture. He is distinguished by his poetic introspection, blending imagery of nature with themes of existential struggles, the transience of life, and love. His poetry exhibits a distinct lyrical expression, often reflecting avant-garde and expressionist influences. Although he was a modernist, Ivanišević did not embrace the textualistic deconstruction of reality, but rather constructed powerful poetic imagery that merged European poetic trends with Croatian tradition. His works, such as the collection Jubav, explore the connection between humans and nature, while his verses often evoke moments of existential anxiety, giving his poetry an emotional dimension. In his poetry, he uses language as a means of expressing deeper layers of human experience and emotion, transcending the confines of ordinary communicatio
Effects of environmental hygiene on patient safety
No full textUVOD. Novije znanstvene studije ponovo ukazuju na važnost bolničkog okruženja u prevenciji i kontroli infekcija, no unatoč tome mnoge zdravstvene ustanove još uvijek ne smatraju zdravstvenu higijenu okoliša vrlo važnu za sigurnost pacijenta. Primjerice, nehotično izlaganje oportunističkim patogenima iz okoliša može rezultirati infekcijama sa značajnim morbiditetom i/ili smrtnošću. Nekoliko visokokvalitetnih studija povezuje da provedba intervencija higijene u zdravstvenom okruženju dovodi do smanjenja bilo kolonizacije bolesnika s epidemiološkim relevantnim patogenima ili smanjenja infekcija povezanih sa zdravstvenom skrbi.
CILJ RADA. Prikazati ulogu medicinske sestre u primjeni sestrinskih intervencija iz područja higijene okoliša, a koje utječu na sigurnost pacijenta.
RASPRAVA. Medicinske sestre imaju ključnu ulogu u provođenju propisanih standarda higijene, kao i u superviziji rada i edukaciji osoblja zaduženoga za proces čišćenja i dezinfekcije bolničke okoline. Implementacija jasno definiranih protokola čišćenja i redovito praćenje njihove učinkovitosti može značajno smanjiti rizik od infekcija povezanih sa zdravstvenom skrbi. Osoblje zaduženo za organizaciju procesa održavanja higijene zdravstvenog okoliša se mora kontinuirano educirati prateći nove znnstvene spoznaje i unapređivati praksu čišćenja te uvoditi nove metode i tehnologije za bolju kontrolu infekcija.
ZAKLJUČAK. Održavanje čistoće i higijene u zdravstvenim ustanovama, pored higijene ruku je ključno za prevenciju bolničkih infekcija. Stoga, potrebno provoditi kontinuiranu edukaciju i praktičnu obuku osoblja kako bi se osigurala sigurnost pacijenata sa aspekta mikrobiološki sigurnog bolničkog okruženja.INTRODUCTION. Recent scientific studies have once again highlighted the importance of the hospital environment in the prevention and control of infections. However, many healthcare facilities still do not consider environmental hygiene crucial for patient safety. For example, inadvertent exposure to opportunistic pathogens from the environment can result in infections with significant morbidity and/or mortality. Several high-quality studies have linked the implementation of environmental hygiene interventions in healthcare settings to a reduction in either patient colonization with epidemiologically relevant pathogens or healthcare-associated infections.
AIM AND OBJECTIVE. To demonstrate the role of nurses in implementing nursing interventions in the field of environmental hygiene, which affect patient safety.
DISCUSSION. Nurses play a key role in enforcing prescribed hygiene standards, as well as in supervising the work and educating staff responsible for the process of cleaning and disinfecting the hospital environment. Implementing clearly defined cleaning protocols and regularly monitoring their effectiveness can significantly reduce the risk of healthcare-associated infections. Staff responsible for organizing the maintenance of environmental hygiene in healthcare settings must be continuously educated by following new scientific insights and improving cleaning practices, as well as introducing new methods and technologies for better infection control.
CONCLUSION. Maintaining cleanliness and hygiene in healthcare facilities, in addition to hand hygiene, is crucial for the prevention of hospital infections. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct continuous education and practical training of staff to ensure patient safety from the aspect of a microbiologically safe hospital environment
Inclusion of Children with Autism in the Regular Education System
No full textFokus ovog diplomskog rada je objasniti pojam inkluzije, s posebnim naglaskom na autizam i inkluziju djece s autizmom u sustav redovne nastave. Objasnit će se poremećaji iz autističnog spektra, posebno detaljno karakteristike autizma, etiologija nastanka te mogućnosti i preduvjeti za inkluziju djece s autizmom u redovnu nastavu. Također će se prikazati rezultati istraživanja koje je ispitivalo učitelje razredne i predmetne nastave o njihovim stajalištima o autizmu, spremnosti za rad s djecom s autizmom, suradnji s roditeljima djece s autizmom te inkluzivnoj školi. Na kraju je zaključak sa najvažnijim stavkama koje se tiču inkluzije djece s autizmom i onim na što treba obratiti pažnju kada je riječ o inkluziji djece s autizmom u redovnu nastavu.This thesis will explain what inclusion is, and special emphasis is placed on autism and the inclusion of children with autism in the regular education system. Disorders from the autistic spectrum will be explained, especially in detail the characteristics of autism, the etiology of its occurrence, and the possibilities and prerequisites for the inclusion of children with autism in regular classes. It will also present the results of a survey that questioned classroom and subject teachers about their views on autism, readiness to teach children with autism, rate of successful cooperation with their parents and inclusive schools. At the end, there is a conclusion with the most important items concerning the inclusion of children with autism and what should be paid attention to when it comes to the inclusion of these children in regular classes
The political path and historical role of Frano Supilo
No full textOvaj završni rad se bavi životom i djelom Frana Supila. U radu je prikazan najraniji početak Frana Supila od njegova odrastanja u rodom kraju, obrazovanja te kasnijeg političkog rada i tragične smrti. Frano Supilo je jedan od najznačajnijih hrvatskih političara iz prve polovice 20. stoljeća. Frano je sa svojim radom ostavio veliki trag na hrvatskoj politici te se istakao kao neumorni diplomat na vanjskopolitičkom pogledu. Političko djelovanje Frana Supila je bilo obilježeno sa mnogim podmetanjima od strane neistomišljenika, no to ga nije pokolebalo u njegovom radu. Frano je imao zapaženu ulogu u sastavljanju Riječke rezolucije te je imao istaknuto mjesto u Hrvatsko-srpskoj koaliciji. Nakon izbijanja Prvog svjetskog rata, Frano je bio jedan od najaktivnijih članova Jugoslavenskog Odbora do njegova istupanja iz Odbora, koje je uslijedilo zbog raznih peripetija i optuživanja na Franov račun. Posljednje godine života je proveo u Londonu, gdje je i umro.This final paper deals with the life and work of Frano Supilo. The paper shows the earliest beginnings of Frano Supilo from his upbringing in his native region, his education, his later political work and his tragic death. Frano Supilo is one of the most important Croatian politicians from the first half of the 20th century. With his work, Frano left a big mark on Croatian politics and stood out as a tireless diplomat in the field of foreign policy. Frano Supilo's political activity was marked by many subterfuges by dissidents, but this did not sway him in his work. Frano had a notable role in drafting the Rijeka resolution and had a prominent position in the Croatian-Serbian coalition. After the outbreak of the First World War, Frano was one of the most active members of the Yugoslav Committee until his resignation from the Committee, which followed various vicissitudes and accusations against Frano. He spent the last years of his life in London, where he die