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Perceptions and cellular response to thermal stress in fish
No full textOceani igraju važnu ulogu u reguliranju globalnog zatopljenja apsorbirajući toplinu i stakleničke plinove što dovodi do neravnoteže u oceanskim ekosustavima. Povećanje temperature mora izravno utječe na ribe, izazivajući stres i negativno utječući na rast i preživljavanje. Ribe su razvile različite mehanizme za regulaciju tjelesne temperature i odgovor na toplinski stres (heat shock response-HSR) koji uključuje proizvodnju proteina toplinskog šoka (heat shock proteins-HSP) kako bi se stabilizirali proteini i spriječila koagulacija. Proteinski transkripcijski faktori nazvani faktori toplinskog šoka (Heat shock factors-HSF) vežu se na elemente toplinskog šoka u promotorskoj regiji gena koji kodiraju za HSP-ove te se aktiviraju putem signalnih puteva, uključujući kaskade koje se aktiviraju putem proteinskih kinaza koje reagiraju na promjene u staničnom okruženju. Ribe koje žive u različitim termalnim uvjetima, imaju različite odgovore na toplinski stres. Npr., antartički nototenioidi potpuno su izgubili HSR, dok vrste koje žive u međuplinim zonama konstantno induciraju HSP gene.Oceans play an important role in regulating global warming by absorbing heat and greenhouse gases, leading to imbalances in ocean ecosystems. Increased sea temperatures directly affect ectothermic fish, causing stress and negatively impacting growth and survival. Fish have developed various mechanisms for regulating body temperature and responding to thermal stress (heat shock response-HSR). The cellular response to thermal stress involves the production of heat shock proteins (HSP) to stabilize proteins and prevent coagulation. Protein transcription factors called heat shock factors (HSF) bind to heat shock elements in the promoter region of genes encoding HSPs. HSFs are activated via signaling pathways, including cascades activated by protein kinases that respond to changes in the cellular environment. Fish living in different thermal conditions have different responses to thermal stress. For example, Antarctic notothenioids have completely lost HSR, while species living in intertidal zones constantly induce HSP genes
Frano Čale as translator of Carlo Goldoni's comedies
No full textLo scopo di questa tesi di laurea è di esaminare le possibili differenze tra il testo di partenza, cioè la commedia di Carlo Goldoni intitolata La vedova scaltra e il testo d’arrivo, cioè la traduzione della commedia di Frano Čale intitolata Lukava udovica. Analisi della traduzione Lukava udovica di Frano Čale in questa tesi di laurea si basa sul modello di professoressa Katja Radoš-Perković e il suo libro Pregovori s izvornikom; O hrvatskim prijevodima Goldonijevih komedija (2013). In questa tesi di laurea sono stati nominati diversi argomenti secondo i quali si confronta il testo originale e la traduzione. Tutte le differenze analizzate sono elencate in tabelle per chiarezza e facilità di confronto. Si deve sottolineare che la traduzione della Vedova scaltra di Carlo Goldoni in croato da parte di Frano Čale è un importante contributo alla letteratura e ai teatri croati.Svrha ovog diplomskog rada jest ispitati moguće razlike između izvornog teksta, odnosno komedije Carla Goldonija pod naslovom La Vedova scaltra, i prijevoda komedije od strane Frana Čale pod naslovom Lukava udovica. Analiza prijevoda Lukava udovica u ovom diplomskom radu temelji se na modelu profesorice Katije Radoš-Perković i knjizi Pregovori s izvornikom; O hrvatskim prijevodima Goldonijevih komedija (2013). U diplomskom radu je navedeno nekoliko tema prema kojima se uspoređuju izvorni tekst i prijevod. Sve analizirane razlike navedene su u tablice radi preglednosti i lakše usporedbe originala i prijevoda. Isto tako, važno je reći da je prijevod komedije La Vedova scaltra na hrvatski jezik (Lukava udovica) od strane Frana Čale važan doprinos hrvatskoj književnosti i kazalištu.The purpose of this dissertation is to examine the possible differences between the source text- Carlo Goldoni's comedy entitled La Vedova scaltra and the target text- Frano Čale’s translation of the comedy entitled Lukava udovica. The analysis of Frano Čale’s Lukava udovica translation in this dissertation is based on the model of Professor Katija Radoš-Perković and her book Pregovori s izvornikom; O hrvatskim prijevodima Goldonijevih komedija (2013). In this thesis, several topics are named according to which the original text and the translation are compared. All the differences analysed are listed in tables for clarity and ease of comparison. It should be emphasised that Frano Čale’s translation of Carlo Goldoni's comedy La Vedova scaltra into Croatian (Lukava udovica) is an important contribution to Croatian literature and theatre
Social capital in new social media platforms and ways to use TikTok
No full textU ovome radu obrađuje se tema socijalnog kapitala u novim platformama društvenih mreža te načini korištenja TikToka. Cilj istraživanja bio je prikazati socijalni kapital na društvenim mrežama, kao i načine korištenja TikToka kod mladih. Na početku rada nalazi se prikaz literature koja je povezana s temom društvenih mreža i socijalnog kapitala te prikaz rezultata sličnih, prethodno provedenih istraživanja. Nadalje, prikazani su ciljevi, istraživačka pitanja te su postavljene hipoteze. U nastavku su predstavljeni rezultati prigodnog uzorka analize anketnog istraživanja koje je provedeno 2023. godine na uzorku od 102 studenta iz tri hrvatska grada. Rezultati analize pokazali su da se korištenje TikToka kod mladih razlikuje od rezultata prethodnih istraživanja koja su se odnosila na korištenje drugih, tada popularnih društvenih mreža kao što je Facebook. Preko nekoliko različitih metoda (primjerice Pearsonovog koeficijenta korelacije ili analize varijance) pokazalo se na koji način TikTok koriste korisnici, kako ne postoji značajna povezanost između vremenskog intenziteta korištenja TikToka i različitih vrsta kapitala te se pokazalo da postoji pozitivna povezanost broja pratitelja i premošćujućeg društvenog kapitala.This paper deals with the topic of social capital in new social network platforms and ways of using TikTok. The goal of the research was to show social capital on social networks, as well as ways of using TikTok among young people. At the beginning of the paper, there is a presentation of the literature related to the topic of social networks and social capital, as well as a presentation of the results of similar, previously conducted research. Furthermore, the goals, research questions and hypotheses are presented. Below are presented the results of a convenient sample analysis of a survey conducted in 2023 on a sample of 102 students from three Croatian cities. The results of the analysis showed that the use of TikTok among young people differs from the results of previous researches that related to the use of other, then popular, social networks such as Facebook. Through several different methods (for example Pearson's correlation coefficient or analysis of variance) it was shown how TikTok is used by users, that there is no significant relationship between the time intensity of TikTok use and different types of capital, and it was shown that there is a positive relationship between the number of followers and bridging social capital
Rewriting of Martín Fierro and breaking with tradition based on the books Las aventuras de la China Iron by Gabriela Cabezón Cámara and "El amor" by Martín Kohan
No full textUno de los clásicos de la literatura argentina es, sin duda, el poema El gaucho Martín Fierro (1872) de José Hernández. La obra causó numerosas reacciones a lo largo de la historia y se convirtió en un símbolo de la identidad nacional argentina, por lo que no es de extrañar que posteriormente numerosos autores encontraran su inspiración en el citado poema, apoyándose en las estrategias de la intertextualidad y de la reescritura para proporcionar nuevas perspectivas. En este trabajo analizaremos dos de estas obras: la novela Las aventuras de la China Iron (2017) de Gabriela Cabezón Cámara y el cuento “El amor” (2015) de Martín Kohan. Inspirándose en la obra de Hernández, los mencionados escritores argentinos se apropian de sus personajes, creando unas obras auténticas con una visión más moderna que la de la obra canónica, rompiendo así con la tradición decimonónica y con la literatura gauchesca. Así Cabezón Cámara pone en el centro a China, la mujer de Fierro completamente olvidada, que en la novela se convierte en la protagonista cuyas aventuras seguimos. Por otro lado, Kohan en su relato describe una relación amorosa entre dos hombres, o sea, la relación entre Fierro y Cruz, desafiando así el concepto tradicional de la masculinidad.Jedan od klasika argentinske književnosti zasigurno je spjev El gaucho Martín Fierro (1872) autora Joséa Hernándeza. Tijekom povijesti, ovo djelo izazvalo je brojne reakcije i postalo simbolom argentinskog nacionalnog identiteta, stoga ne čudi da su kasnije brojni autori pronalazili inspiraciju u spomenutom spjevu, oslanjajući se na strategije intertekstualnosti i ponovnog ispisivanja kako bi pružili nove perspektive. Upravo ćemo u ovom radu analizirati dva takva djela: roman Las aventuras de la China Iron (2017) autorice Gabriele Cabezón Cámare i kratku priču “El amor” (2015) autora Martína Kohana. Inspirirani Hernándezovim djelom, spomenuti argentinski književnici preuzimaju njegove likove, čime stvaraju vlastita autentična djela s modernijim pogledom na kanon, raskidajući tako s devetnaestostoljetnom tradicijom i s gaučkom književnošću. Tako Cabezón Cámara u središte stavlja Chinu, potpuno zaboravljenu Fierrovu ženu, koja u romanu postaje protagonistica čije avanture pratimo. S druge strane, Kohan u prvi plan stavlja ljubavni odnos između dva muškarca, odnos između Fierra i Cruza te na taj način izaziva tradicionalni koncept maskuliniteta.One of the classics of Argentine literature is undoubtedly the poem El gaucho Martín Fierro (1872) by José Hernández. This work caused numerous reactions throughout history and became a symbol of Argentine national identity, so it is not surprising that later numerous authors found their inspiration in the aforementioned poem, relying on the strategies of intertextuality and of rewriting to provide new perspectives. In this paper we will analyze two of these works: the novel Las aventuras de la China Iron (2017) by Gabriela Cabezón Cámara and the short story “El amor” (2015) by Martín Kohan. Inspired by the poem of Hernández, the aforementioned Argentine writers appropriate their characters, creating authentic works with a more modern vision, breaking with the nineteenth-century tradition and with gaucho literature. Therefore, Cabezón Cámara places China in the center, the completely forgotten wife of Fierro, who in the novel becomes the protagonist whose adventures we follow. On the other hand, Kohan in his story describes a love relationship between two men, the relationship between Fierro and Cruz and in that way he contradicts the traditional concept of masculinity
Eufemizam u romanima Emily Bronte "Orkanski visovi" i Colleen Hoover "Priča završava s nama"
No full textThis paper embarks on an investigation into the realm of euphemisms, shedding light on their crucial function as linguistic tools in the context of social interactions. Euphemisms, characterized by the substitution of offensive words or phrases for potentially inoffensive ones, emerge as crucial tools for fostering effective and sensitive communication. This paper explores the utilization of euphemisms in two literary works: Emily Bronte's “Wuthering Heights”, set in the 19th century, and Colleen Hoover's “It Ends With Us”, a contemporary novel. By scrutinizing how these authors employ euphemistic expressions to address sensitive themes and reflect the societal norms, values, and taboos of their respective eras, the study aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of linguistic choices within literature and how these choices evolve over time. The research findings supported the first hypothesis, demonstrating that both “Wuthering Heights” and “It Ends With Us” feature euphemisms primarily aligned with the themes presented in the novels. The greatest number of euphemisms, in both works, belong to the semantic field of death, while in “It Ends With Us” there are also many euphemisms belonging to the semantic fields of narcotics and relationships. The second hypothesis, which suggests that “Wuthering Heights” would contain more euphemisms, was supported by the analysis, as “Wuthering Heights” has significantly more euphemisms (50) compared to “It Ends With Us” (32).Ovaj rad istražuje područje eufemizama, ističući njihovu ključnu funkciju kao jezičnih alata u kontekstu društvenih interakcija. Eufemizmi, koje karakterizira zamjena uvredljivih riječi ili fraza potencijalno neuvredljivima, se pojavljuju kao ključni alati za poticanje učinkovite komunikacije. Ovaj rad istražuje uporabu eufemizama u dva književna djela: u romanu Emily Bronte „Orkanski visovi“ iz 19. stoljeća i suvremenom romanu „Priča završava s nama“ Colleen Hoover. Analizirajući kako autorice koriste eufemističke izraze u obrađivanju osjetljivih tema i odražavanju društvenih normi, vrijednosti i tabua vremenskih razdoblja kojima pripadaju, cilj ovog rada je doprinijeti dubljem razumijevanju jezičnih izbora unutar književnosti i načinu na koji se oni s vremenom mijenjaju. Rezultati istraživanja potvrđuju prvu hipotezu, ukazujući na to da „Orkanski visovi“ i „Priča završava s nama“ sadrže eufemizme usklađene s temama prikazanim u romanima. Najveći broj eufemizama u oba djela pripada semantičkom polju smrti, dok se u romanu „Priča završava s nama“ javlja velik broj eufemizama koji pripadaju semantičkim poljima narkotika i romantičnih veza. Druga hipoteza, koja je sugerirala da će „Orkanski visovi“ sadržavati više eufemizama, podržana je analizom, budući da roman „Orkanski visovi“ sadrži značajno više eufemizama (50) u usporedbi s romanom „Priča završava s nama“ (32)
Some correlates of infidelity in a relationship
No full textOpćenito, nevjera podrazumijeva mnoštvo ponašanja koja krše bazična očekivanja prisutna u romantičnom i ljubavnom odnosu. Ta ponašanja uglavnom uključuju seksualnu uključenost ili emocionalnu povezanost s nekom osobom izvan romantičnog para. Nevjera ugrožava samopoštovanje, mentalno zdravlje i samopouzdanje prevarene osobe. Uz to narušava sliku o sebi i drugima, povjerenje u odnosima, a nerijetko može dovesti i do fizičkog nasilja. S obzirom na važnost ove tematike, cilj istraživanja bio je ispitati odnos osobina ličnosti (ekstraverzija, ugodnost, savjesnost, emocionalna stabilnost, intelekt) i kvalitete veze s namjerom nevjere na uzorku studenata. Među ostalim, cilj je bio ispitati razlikuju li se muškarci i žene u namjeri nevjere, zatim utvrditi povezanost između osobina ličnosti (ekstraverzija, ugodnost, savjesnost, emocionalna stabilnost i intelekt) i namjere nevjere te kvalitete veze. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 87 žena i 31 muškarac (N=118), prosječne dobi od 21.26 godinu (SD=1.3), raspona od 19 do 26 godina. Kako bi se prikupili odgovarajući podaci korištene su slijedeće skale: Upitnik ličnosti IPIP 50S (Mlačić i Goldberg, 2007) , Skala namjere nevjere – ITIS (preuzeto iz Rimanić, 2019) i Skala procjene kvalitete veze (Šunjić i Penezić, 2014) te upitnik sociodemografskih podataka koji je sastavljen za potrebe istraživanja. Dobiveni podaci su djelomično u skladu s prethodnim istraživanjima. Utvrđeno je da su muškarci postizali više rezultate na Skali namjere nevjere u odnosu na žene, a korelacijskim analizama utvrđena je niska negativna povezanost ugodnosti s namjerom nevjere i niska pozitivna povezanost procijenjene kvalitete veze s ugodnošću. Nisu utvrđene značajne korelacije ostalih osobina ličnosti. Pronađena je značajna umjerena negativna povezanost između kvalitete veze i namjere nevjere.In general, infidelity implies a variety of behaviors that violate the basic expectations present in a romantic relationship. These behaviors mostly involve sexual involvement or emotional connection with someone outside of a romantic partner. Adultery threatens the self-esteem, mental health and self-confidence of the deceived person. In addition, it damages the image of oneself and others, trust in relationships, and can often lead to physical violence. Given the importance of this topic, the aim of the research was to examine the relationship between personality traits (extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, intellect) and the relationship quality with the intention to infidelity in a sample of students. Among other things, the goal was to examine whether men and women differ in the intention of infidelity, then determine the connection between personality traits (extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability and intellect) and the intention to commit adultery and the quality of the relationship. 87 women and 31 men (N=118), average age of 21.26 years (SD=1.3), range from 19 to 26 years, participated in the research. In order to collect appropriate data, the following scales were used: IPIP 50S Personality Questionnaire (Mlačić and Goldberg, 2007), Intentions Towards Infidelity Scale - ITIS (taken from Rimanić, 2019) and Relationship Assessment Scale – RAS (Šunjić and Penezić, 2014) and a sociodemographic data questionnaire that was compiled for research purposes. The obtained data are partially consistent with previous research. It was found that men scored higher on the Intentions Towards Infidelity Scale than women, and correlation analyzes revealed a low negative association of conscientiousness with the intention of infidelity and a low positive association of the estimated quality of the relationship with conscientiousness. No significant correlations of other personality traits were found. A significant negative association was found between relationship quality and adultery intention
The art of Ivan Kožarić as an inspiration in the Art class
No full textU ovom diplomskom radu provedeno je istraživanje vezano za umjetnika Ivana Kožarića koje uključuje teorijsko istraživanje njegovog umjetničkog rada i praktično istraživanje vezano za primjenu njegovih umjetničkih djela kao poticaja u nastavi Likovne kulture u razrednoj nastavi. U skladu s time rad se sastoji od dva dijela, teorijskog i praktičnog. Teorijsko istraživanje odnosi se na okolnosti u kojima se Kožarić razvija i djeluje, životopis umjetnika, stvaralačke faze njegovog umjetničkog djelovanja po desetljećima, analizu odabranih djela, istraživanje Kožarića kao poticaja drugim umjetnicima i razmatranje mogućnosti primjene njegovih djela u odgojno-obrazovnom kontekstu. Praktični dio odnosi se na opis provedenog praktičnog istraživanja zajedno s učenicima u razrednoj nastavi koje uključuje osmišljavanje likovnih aktivnosti za učenike inspiriranih Kožarićevim umjetničkim djelima, provedbu tih aktivnosti s učenicima na nastavi Likovne kulture i osvrt na provedeno s uključenom interpretacijom učeničkih likovnih radova. Cilj praktičnog, pa i cjelokupnog istraživanja bio je istražiti važnost djelovanja Ivana Kožarića na teorijski i likovno praktični način te istražiti mogućnosti uvođenja njegove umjetnosti u nastavu Likovne kulture osmišljavanjem i realizacijom nastavnih satova na tu temu.In this diploma thesis, a research related to the artist Ivan Kožarić includes a theoretical research of his artistic work and a practical research related to the application of his works of art as an inspiration in the Art class in the classroom. Accordingly, the paper consists of two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical research refers to the circumstances in which he develops and works, the biography of the artist, the creative phases of his artistic activity by decades, the analysis of selected works, his encouragement to other artists, and Kožarić in an educational context. The practical part refers to the description of the practical research carried out together with the students in class, which includes the design of art activities for students inspired by Kožarić's works of art, the implementation of these activities with the students in the Art class, and a review of the conducted with the included interpretation of the students' art works. The aim of the practical and overall research was to investigate the importance of Ivan Kožarić's work in a theoretical and artistic practical way, and to explore the possibilities of introducing his art into the teaching of Art class by designing and implementing lessons on that topic
Self-esteem and personality traits in relation to birth order
No full textRedoslijed rođenja jedno je od temeljnih ljudskih iskustava za koje se univerzalno smatra da određuje koliko smo inteligentni, samouvjereni, odgovorni, društveni, otvoreni za nova iskustva i slično. Rasprava o povezanosti redoslijeda rođenja s osobnošću i samopoimanjem izazvala je kontinuiran interes tijekom proteklih stotinu godina, kako od strane šire javnosti tako i od strane znanstvenika. Osobnost podrazumijeva karakteristične i donekle predvidljive obrasce ponašanja koje svaka osoba razvija, svjesno i nesvjesno, kao svoj način života. Nadalje, samopoštovanje se odnosi na subjektivnu procjenu pojedinca o njegovoj ili njezinoj vrijednosti kao osobe. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati razlike u samopoštovanju i crtama ličnosti (savjesnost, ugodnost, emocionalna stabilnost, ekstraverzija, intelekt) između prvorođene i kasnije rođene djece kod osoba u dobi od 18 do 25 godina. U istraživanju su sudjelovala 154 sudionika pri čemu je broj muškaraca bio N=37, dok je broj žena bio N=116. Za ispitivanje samopoštovanja korištena je Rosenbergova skala samopoštovanja (Rosenberg, 1965) dok je ličnost ispitana skraćenom hrvatskom verzijom markera velepetoroga modela ličnosti (Mlačić i Goldberg, 2007). Utvrđeno je kako prvorođeni muškarci imaju više samopoštovanje u odnosu na kasnije rođene muškarce dok se samopoštovanje ženskih sudionica nije razlikovalo s obzirom na redoslijed rođenja. Nadalje, prvorođeni i kasnije rođeni se nisu razlikovali u crtama ekstraverzije, emocionalne stabilnosti, savjesnosti i ugodnosti dok su prvorođeni postizali više rezultate u intelektu u odnosu na kasnije rođene. Također je utvrđena pozitivna povezanost samopoštovanja te ekstraverzije, savjesnosti, emocionalne stabilnosti i intelekta. Trenutna studija nije pružila veliku podršku Sullowayevoj teoriji, ali su dobiveni rezultati u skladu s novijim saznanjima o redoslijedu rođenja te stoga upućuju na potrebu daljnjih istraživanja.Birth order is one of the most pervasive human experiences that is universally believed to determine how intelligent, confident, responsible, social, open to new experiences, and the like we are. The debate over the relationship of birth order to personality and self-concept has gained continuous interest over the past hundred years, both from the general public and from scholars. Personality is defined as the characteristic, and to some extent predictable, behavioral response patterns that each person develops, both consciously and unconsciously, as their way of life. Furthermore, self-esteem refers to an individual's subjective assessment of his or her worth as a person. The aim of this research was to examine the differences in selfesteem and personality traits (conscientiousness, agreeableness, emotional stability, extraversion, intellect) between first-born and later-born children in persons aged 18 to 25. The research was conducted in person in university classrooms. The study involved 154 participants, where the number of men was N=37, while the number of women was N=116. Rosenberg's self-esteem scale (Rosenberg, 1965) was used to examine self-esteem, while personality was examined with a shortened Croatian version of the Big Five personality model markers (Mlačić and Goldberg, 2007). It was found that first-born males have higher self-esteem compared to later-born males, while the self-esteem of female participants did not differ with respect to birth order. Furthermore, first-borns and later-borns did not differ in traits of extraversion, emotional stability, conscientiousness and agreeableness, while firstborns achieved higher results in intellect compared to later-borns. A positive connection between self-esteem and extraversion, conscientiousness, emotional stability and intellect was also established. The current study did not provide much support for Sulloway's theory, but the results obtained are consistent with recent knowledge about birth order and therefore suggest the need for further research
Some correlates of different dimensions of female gamer stereotypes
No full textU današnje doba, videoigre su široko rasprostranjena aktivnost i među muškarcima i među ženama. Ipak, one se još uvijek dominantno smatraju maskulinom aktivnošću. Gejmerice, to jest žene koje igraju videoigre, često su objekti diskriminacije u svijetu videoigara, te o njima postoje različiti stereotipi. Ovom je istraživanju cilj bio ispitati tendencije stereotipiziranja gejmerica, te razlike u tim tendencijama s obzirom na rod i na gejmerski status sudionika. Nadalje, usporedila se tendencija stereotipiziranja gejmerica s obzirom na čestinu igranja videoigara i broj poznanstava s gejmericama. Podaci su se prikupili online upitnikom, te se za mjerenje stereotipa koristila hrvatska verzija Female Gamer Stereotypes Scale (FGSS). FGSS je konstruirana za mjerenje pet različitih dimenzija stereotipa o gejmericama: nedostatna femininost gejmerica, nedostatna društvenost gejmerica, slabije vještine u igranju videoigara, oslanjanje na muške gejmere, te karakterističan izbor videoigara. Rezultati su pokazali da muškarci imaju veću tendenciju stereotipiziranja gejmerica od žena na svih pet subskala FGSSa i na cijeloj skali. Negejmeri su imali veću tendenciju stereotipiziranja od gejmera na samo dvije subskale: nedostatna femininost gejmerica i nedostatna društvenost gejmerica. Rezultati su također pokazali da nema značajne povezanosti između čestine igranja videoigara i tendencije stereotipiziranja gejmerica. Negativna povezanost između broja poznanstava s gejmericama i tendencije stereotipiziranja gejmerica je utvrđena samo na subskali nedostatne femininosti gejmerica. Značajna razlika u tendenciji stereotipiziranja gejmerica između osoba koje poznaju barem jednu gejmericu i osoba koje ne poznaju niti jednu gejmericu utvrđena je na cijeloj FGSS i na tri subskale: sudionici koji poznaju barem jednu gejmericu pokazali su manju tendenciju stereotipiziranja na subskalama nedostatne društvenosti gejmerica, oslanjanja na muškarce tijekom igre i preferencije u izboru videoigara, te na cijeloj FGSS.Video games are a widespread activity among both men and women in today's age. However, they are still primarily considered to be a masculine activity. Female gamers, i.e. women who play video games, are often targets of discrimination within the world of video games, and there exist a variety of stereotypes about them. The goal of this study was to examine the tendencies to stereotype female gamers, as well as the differences in those tendencies, with regard to the participants' gender and gamer status. Furthermore, the tendencies to stereotype female gamers were analyzed with regard to the frequency of video game playing and the number of female gamer acquaintances. Data was collected through an online questionnaire, and stereotypes were measured by a Croatian version of the Female Gamer Stereotype Scale (FGSS). FGSS had been constructed to measure five different dimensions of female gamer stereotypes: lack of femininity, lack of sociability, lack of competence in gaming, reliance on men in gaming, and specific gaming preferences.The results showed that men have higher tendencies to stereotype female gamers than women in all five FGSS subscales, and in the whole scale. Nongamers had a higher tendency to stereotype than gamers in just two FGSS subscales: lack of femininity and lack of sociability. The results also showed that there was no significant correlation between the frequency of video game play and the tendency to stereotype female gamers. Negative correlation between the number of female gamer acquaintances and the tendency to stereotype female gamers was significant only in the lack of femininity subscale. A significant difference in tendencies to stereotype female gamers between participants that did not know a single female gamer and participants that knew at least one female gamer was found in the whole scale, and in three subscales: participants that knew at least one female gamer had a lower tendency to stereotype in the lack of sociability, reliance on men in gaming, and specific gaming preferences subscales, and in the whole scale
Christian interpretation of Virgil’s fourth eclogue
No full textOvaj završni rad prikazuje različito poimanje Vergilijeve četvrte ekloge, poznate kao mesijanska ekloga. Cilj je objasniti kršćansko shvaćanje teksta nekada i sada. Svrha rada je prikazati kako se može pogrešno protumačiti navještaj dolaska pastira kod Vergilija s dolaskom Krista kod kršćana. Zaključak koji se može izvući iz ovoga rada jest da postoji puno različitih stavova o jednoj eklogi, i da sve ovisi o pogledu onoga koji tu priču donosi, i onoga koji je sluša.This final paper examines different readings of Virgil’s fourth eclogue, also known as the Messianic Eclogue. The purpose of this paper is to describe a Christian reading of the text, doing so by comparing ancient and modern readings. Another aim of the paper is to demonstrate how Virgil’s description of the arrival of the shepherd and its comparison with the arrival of Christ may have been misunderstood. It may be concluded that there many different readings of this one eclogue, all depending on the point of view of the person telling the story, and the person hearing it