University of Zadar Institutional Repository
Not a member yet
7478 research outputs found
Sort by
Skin manifestations in diabetes mellitus and skin diseases in association with diabetes mellitus
No full textDiabetes mellitus je multifaktorijalna bolest koju karakterizira poremećaj metabolizma ugljikohidrata, masti, lipida, vode i bjelančevina. Spada u vodeće svjetske javnozdravstvene probleme s brojnim komplikacijama. Kožne promjene koje se javljaju u oboljelih, a povezane su s poremećajem krvožilnog sustava, neurološkim zbivanjima ili poremećajem imunološkog sustava, su akantoza nigricans, dijabetička zadebljala koža, ograničena pokretljivost zglobova i skleroderma-like sindrom, dijabetička sklerodermija, eruptivni ksantomi, kutane infekcije, bakterijske infekcije kože, gljivične infekcije kože, dijabetični ulkusi, mikroangiopatije i makroangiopatije. Bolesti kože, nepoznate etiologije, u asocijaciji s diabetes mellitusom su lipoidna nekrobioza, granuloma annulare, dijabetička dermopatija, stečene perforirajuće dermatoze, dermatomikoze, dijabetične bule, glukagonom sindrom. Cilj ovog rada je ukazati na značaj kožnih manifestacija kod diabetes mellitusa i kožnih bolesti u asocijaciji s diabetes mellitusom. Nezaobilazna je uloga medicinske sestre u skrbi kože oboljelog od dijabetes mellitusa, kako edukacijskim djelovanjem, tako i širokom procjenom koja se odnosi na kvalitetu života. Vodeći računa o biološkoj, psihološkoj i socijalnoj različitosti pacijenata i uvjeta u kojima žive, pristup pacijentu je nužno individualan, bez okvirnog uklapanja u shemu bolesti.Diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial disease characterized by a metabolic disorder carbohydrates, fats, lipids, water and proteins. It belongs to the world's leading public health institutions problems with numerous complications. Skin changes that occur in patients and are associated with a disorder of the circulatory system, neurological events or disorders of the immune system are acanthosis nigricans, diabetic thickened skin, limited joint mobility and scleroderma-like syndrome, diabetic scleroderma, eruptive xanthomas, skin infections, bacterial skin infections, fungal infections skin, diabetic ulcers, microangiopathies and macroangiopathies. Skin diseases of unknown etiology, in associations with diabetes mellitus are lipoid necrobiosis, granuloma annulare, diabetic dermopathy, acquired perforating dermatosis, dermatomycosis, diabetic bullae, glucagonoma syndrome. The aim of this paper is to point out the importance of skin changes as a consequence of the existence of the disease itself diabetes mellitus, and at the same time the importance of skin diseases in association with diabetes mellitus. The role of the nurse in the care of DM patients with educational activity, as well as a broad assessment related to the quality of life is emphasized. Biological, psychological, social diversity of patients and their living conditions have to be included and approach to the patient is individual, without a general fit into the scheme of the disease
The diet of Roman soldiers
No full textKao temu svog diplomskog rada odabrala sam Prehranu rimskih vojnika za koju me zainteresirao kolegij Kulinarstvo u starom Rimu. Općenito gledano, prehrana određenog naroda bitna je značajka njegova kulturnog i civilizacijskog razvoja te zorno odražava prilike vremena u kojem je taj narod živio. Stoga sam za izradu svoga diplomskog rada odlučila istražiti kakve su bile prehrambene navike rimskih vojnika, na koji su način oni dobavljali i pripremali namirnice u mirnodopskim i ratnim uvjetima. U radu će biti istraženo i često postavljano pitanje – je li i, ako jest, u kolikoj mjeri prehrana rimskih vojnika bila vegetarijanska? Obratit ću pozornost i na razlike u kvaliteti hrane i pića koje su konzumirali vojnici i privatne osobe te gladijatori, a bit će objašnjeno i kako su vojnici osiguravali hranu za životinje. U istraživanju ću koristiti više izvora koji govore o njihovoj prehrani. Koristit ću izvore koji govore o Tiluriju i Burnumu – dva vojna logora otkrivena u Hrvatskoj. Nadalje, koristit ću Vegecijev tekst Epitoma rei Militaris, Cezarove tekstovi Commentarii de bello Gallico i Commentarii de bello civili, Plinijev tekst Naturalis historia, Apicijev tekst De re coquinaria, Olivijinu cibalitansku kuharicu i sl. Popis izvora zacijelo će se proširiti tijekom istraživanja navedene teme. Iščitavajući izvore, dolazit ću do zaključaka te ću uspoređivati izvore kako bih uočila podudarnosti i razlike ovisno o vremenskim i geografskim karakteristikama.As the topic of my graduation thesis, I chose the diet of roman soldiers for which I was interested by the Culinary Arts in Ancient Rome course. In general, a diet of a certain nation is an important feature of its cultural and civilizational progress and clearly reflects the circumstances of the time in which that nation lived. Because of that, for the preparation of my graduation thesis, I decided to research what kind of eating habits Roman soldiers had, and in which way did they prepare supplies in the conditions of peace and war. The paper will research a frequently asked question – was it, and if it was, to what extent was the diet of Roman soldiers vegetarian? I will also pay attention to the differences in the quality of food and drink consumed by soldiers, private persons and gladiators, and it will also be explained how did the soldiers provide food for the animals In my research, I will use several sources that talk about their diet. I will use sources that talk about Tiluri and Burnum - two military camps discovered in Croatia. Furthermore, I will use Vegetius' text Epitoma Rei Militaris, Caesar's texts Commentrii de bello Gallico and Commentarii de bello civili, Pliny's text Naturalis historia, Apicius' text De re coquinaria, Olivia's Cibalitan cookbook, etc. The list of sources will surely expand during the research of the mentioned topic by reading the sources, I will come to conclusions and I will compare the sources in order to notice similarities and differences depending on time and geographical characteristics
Emotional regulation strategies of family members of addicts
No full textOvisnost je dugotrajna bolest koja oblikuje specifično ponašanje i funkcioniranje. Na ovisnika utječu psihoaktivne tvari, biološki i okolišni faktori te osobine ličnosti. Ti faktori međusobno djeluju, utječući na rad, odnose i dinamiku obitelji. Ovisnost je prepoznata kao bolest koja značajno utječe na članove obitelji ovisnika, često uzrokujući tjeskobu, depresiju i strah. Model stresa-napetosti-savladavanja-podrške objašnjava kako problemi ovisnosti stvaraju kroničan stres za obitelj, često rezultirajući fizičkim i psihičkim problemima. Obitelj reagira usvajanjem različitih strategija suočavanja i traženjem socijalne podrške. Emocionalna regulacija, odnosno kontrola izražavanja emocija, igra ključnu ulogu u tom procesu. Pri tome je emocionalna regulacija povezana s raznim aspektima mentalnog zdravlja i dobrobiti tako da su njezine adaptivne strategije povezane s nižim razinama depresivnosti, anksioznosti i stresa, dok su maladaptivne strategije povezane s njihovim višim razinama (Aldao i sur., 2010; Garnefski i sur., 2004; Garnefski i Kraaij, 2007; Hu i sur., 2014). Cilj istraživanja bio je ispitati kognitivne strategije i razine socijalne podrške koje članovi obitelji ovisnika koriste, odnos emocionalne regulacije sa simptomima depresivnosti, anksioznosti i stresa, kao i socijalne podrške kod članova obitelji ovisnika i ispitati medijacijsku ulogu socijalne podrške između kognitivnih emocionalnih regulacija i neugodnih emocionalnih stanja. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 67 sudionika čija se dob kretala između 19 i 73 godine. Podaci su prikupljeni Upitnikom kognitivne emocionalne regulacije - CERQ (Soldo i Vulić-Prtorić, 2018), Skalom depresivnosti, anksioznosti i stresa - DASS (Ercegovac i Penezić, 2012) i Skalom socijalne podrške - SPSS (Ivanov i Penezić, 2010). Sudionici istraživanja češće primjenjuju adaptivne strategije i imaju pristup umjerenim do visokim razinama socijalne podrške. Ustanovljeno je da postoji pozitivna povezanost između depresivnosti, anksioznosti i stresa te maladaptivnih kognitivnih strategija za regulaciju emocija kao i negativna povezanost između simptoma emocionalne nelagode i adaptivnih strategija. Također, postoji pozitivna povezanost između faktora socijalne podrške i adaptivnih kognitivnih strategija za regulaciju emocija, kao i negativna povezanost s maladaptivnim strategijama. Utvrđena je i medijacijska uloga socijalne podrške između kognitivnih emocionalnih regulacija i neugodnih emocionalnih stanja. S povećanjem učestalosti korištenja adaptivne strategije pozitivnog refokusiranja, povećava se razina ukupne socijalne podrške te se snižava razina stresa.Addiction is a chronic disease that shapes certain behaviors and functions. An addict is influenced by psychoactive substances, biological and environmental factors, and personality traits. These factors interact and impact work, relationships, and family dynamics. Addiction is recognized as a disease that has a significant impact on family members of addicts, often causing anxiety, depression, and fear. The stress-strain-copingsupport model explains how addiction problems cause chronic stress in the family, often leading to physical and psychological problems. The family responds by using various coping strategies and seeking social support. Emotion regulation, i.e., the control of emotional expression, plays a crucial role in this process. In this context, emotion regulation itself has been associated with various aspects of mental health and well-being, such that its adaptive strategies (acceptance, reorientation to planning, positive reorientation, positive reappraisal, and perspective taking) are associated with lower levels of depression, anxiety, and stress, whereas maladaptive strategies (self-blame, blaming others, rumination, and disaster management) are associated with higher levels of depression, anxiety, and stress (Aldao et al., 2010; Garnefski et al., 2004; Garnefski and Kraaij, 2007; Hu et al., 2014). The aim of the study was to examine the cognitive strategies and levels of social support utilized by family members of addicts, the relationship between emotional regulation and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress, as well as social support among family members of addicts, and to investigate the mediating role of social support between cognitive emotional regulation and distressing emotional states. Sixty-seven participants between the ages of 19 and 73 participated in the study. Data were collected using the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire - CERQ (Soldo and Vulić-Prtorić, 2018), Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale - DASS (Ercegovac and Penezić, 2012), and Social Support Scale - SPSS (Ivanov and Penezić, 2010). Study participants prefer to employ adaptive strategies and have access to moderate to high levels of social support. It was found that there is a positive correlation between depression, anxiety and stress and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies and a negative correlation between emotional stress symptoms and adaptive strategies. There is also a positive correlation between social support factors and adaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies and a negative correlation with maladaptive strategies. A mediating role of social support between cognitive emotion regulation and unpleasant emotional states was also found. With an increase in the frequency of using the adaptive strategy of positive refocusing, the level of overall social support increases and the level of stress decreases
Managing cultural heritage for the purpose of developing a touristic offer using the example of the Novi dvori Jelačić complex
No full textZahvaljujući međunarodno priznatim konvencijama sustavno su razrađena zakonska pravila prema kojima se omogućava adekvatna briga o očuvanju i načinu upravljanja kulturnom baštinom koja za konačni cilj ima omogućiti prenošenje identiteta društvenih zajednica kroz segment razvoja kulturnog turizma. Sukladno sve većoj pojavi putovanja u kulturne svrhe, pojavljuje se nova klasifikacija putnika postmodernog turista koji nastoji ostvariti jači intenzitet povezivanja s kulturnom baštinom lokaliteta kojeg posjećuje. Nadalje, turistička je ponuda u stalnom prilagođavanju novim trendovima, a fokus je na adekvatnom načinu njena upravljanja. Ostavština naših predaka jedinstvena je za doba u kojem je nastala, a neki od materijala korišteni u njenoj izgradnji nisu više upotrebljivi čime postoji prijetnja od njena gubitka. Inovativnim ulaganjem i korištenjem resursa u svrhu potencijalnog predstavljanja turističke ponude kulturne baštine moguće je očuvanu baštinu učiniti fizički i intelektualno dostupnom. Diplomski rad je nastojao obraditi problematiku i istaknuti provedene uspješne rezultate prilikom provođenja upravljanja kulturnom baštinom. Provedenom empirijskom metodom istraživanja s Turističkom zajednicom grada Zaprešića vidljivo je kako se kompleks Novih dvora pokazao izrazito učinkovitim u povećanju dolazaka domaćih i stranih turista, a kao alat u njihovom povećanju koristi se održavanjem kulturnih manifestacija i oglašavanjem putem marketinških kanala čime ostvaruje veliku zainteresiranost za posjete i nastoji educirati posjetitelje o prošlom vremenu. Potencijal u turističkim vodstvima kompleksom Novih dvora Turistička zajednica grada Zaprešića ostvaruje preko interaktivnih storytellinga kojima osmišljava turističke rute s kostimiranim turističkim vodičima i glumačkim interaktivnim pripovijedanjem. Održavanje turističkih manifestacija i velika posjećenost kompleksa pokazuje snažan potencijal za razvijanje turističke ponude kada će biti mogućnosti za daljnja ulaganja i revitalizaciju kompleksa. Aktivnim ulaganjem u čistoću prostora kompleksa Novih dvora grad nastoji osigurati povoljne rezultate s europskim mjerama održivosti.Thanks to internationally recognized conventions, legal rules have been systematically developed, according to which it is possible to take adequate care of the preservation and management of cultural heritage, the ultimate goal of which is to enable the transfer of the identity of social communities through the segment of cultural tourism development. In accordance with the increasing occurrence of travel for cultural purposes, a new classification of postmodern tourists is emerging, who strive to achieve a stronger connection with the cultural heritage of the locality they visit. Furthermore, the tourist offer is constantly adapting to new trends, and the focus is on an adequate way of managing it. The legacy of our ancestors is unique for the era in which it was created, and some of the materials used in its construction are no longer usable, so there is a threat of its loss. Through innovative investment and the use of resources for the purpose of the potential presentation of the tourist offer of cultural heritage, it is possible to make the preserved heritage physically and intellectually accessible. The diploma thesis tried to deal with the issue and highlight the successful results achieved during the implementation of cultural heritage management. The empirical method of research carried out with the Tourist Board of the town of Zaprešić shows that the complex of New Palaces has proven to be extremely effective in increasing the arrival of domestic and foreign tourists, and as a tool to increase them, it is used by holding cultural events through marketing channels, which achieves great interest in visits and tries to educate visitors about the past tense. The city realizes its potential in tourist guides through interactive storytelling with costumed tourist guides and interactive storytelling by actors. The holding of tourist events and the large attendance at the complex show a strong potential for developing the tourist offer when there are opportunities for further investment and revitalization of the complex. By actively investing in the cleanliness of the Novi Dvori complex, the city strives to ensure favorable results with European sustainability measures
Mass mortality of noble pen shell (Pinna nobilis)
No full textPlemenita periska (Pinna nobilis, L, 1758.) je endemska vrsta i najveći školjkaš u Sredozemnom moru, koji može narasti i do 120 cm duljine (Vazquez i sur., 2017.). Od 1992. godine direktivom koju je donijelo Europsko vijeće, smještena je na listu ugroženih i zaštićenih vrsta. Filtracijom i zadržavanjem organske tvari doprinosi bistrini morske vode i ima važnu ekološku ulogu (Basso i sur., 2015.). P. nobilis rasprostranjena je na dubinama od 0,5 m do 60 m u područjima gdje su zastupljene morske cvjetnice te na pjeskovitim dnima (Marrocco i sur., 2019.). U Jadranskom moru zabilježeno je preko 600 područja na kojima su se mogle pronaći plemenite periske, a do proljeća 2021. godine sva mjesta zahvatila je masovna smrtnost (Katsanevakis i sur., 2021.). Istraživanja su pokazala da su parazit iz roda Haplosporidium i bakterije iz roda Mycobacterium uključeni u patogenezu masovne smrtnosti (Šarić i sur., 2020.). Smatra se da su morske struje pridonijele bržem širenju patogena. Populacija periske nastavlja opadati, s obzirom na prisutnost Haplosporidium pinnae i drugih patogena u okolišu (Katsanevakis i sur., 2021.).The noble pen shell (Pinna nobilis, L, 1758.) is an endemic species and the largest bivalve in the Mediterranean Sea, which can grow up to 120 cm in length (Vazquez M. et al., 2017.). Since 1992, according to the Directive adopted by the European Council, it has been placed on the list of endangered and protected species. By filtering and retaining organic matter, it contributes to the clarity of sea water and has an important ecological role (Basso et al., 2015.). P. nobilis is distributed at depths from 0.5 m to 60 m in areas where marine flowering plants are present and on sandy bottoms (Marrocco et al., 2019.). In the Adriatic Sea, over 600 areas were recorded where noble pen shells could be found, and by the spring of 2021, all places were affected by mass mortality (Katsanevakis et al., 2021.). Research has shown that a parasite from the genus Haplosporidium and bacteria from the genus Mycobacterium are involved in the pathogenesis of mass mortality (Šarić et al., 2020.). Sea currents are thought to have contributed to the faster spread of the pathogen. The pen shell population continues to decline, due to the presence of Haplosporidium pinnae and other pathogens in the environment (Katsanevakis et al., 2021.)
The importance of the process of reflection and self-reflection in the professional development of educators
No full textRefleksija i samorefleksija predstavljaju jedne od najvažnijih odrednica suvremene odgojiteljske profesije. Naime, njihova primjena u odgojiteljskom radu pruža mogućnost unaprjeđenja svih oblika rada s djecom ali i poboljšanje suradnje između stručnih osoba u odgojno obrazovnom procesu. Kroz spomenuti proces moguće je procesima promišljanja i analize te dokumentiranja i međusobne suradnje utjecati na poboljšanje i unaprjeđenje svih aktivnosti koje se s djecom provode, utjecati na povećanje i uspješnost njihova uključenja u iste te utjecati na iznalaženje novih načina u rješavanju potencijalnih i nastalih problema, kao i ostvariti opći doprinos u odgojiteljskoj profesiji. Empirijsko istraživanje obuhvatilo je 140 odgojitelja koji su svoje mišljenje o procesima refleksije i samorefleksije iskazalo putem on – line ankete u obliku Google Forms obrasca.Reflection and self-reflection are one of the most important determinants of the contemporary teaching profession. Namely, their application in educational work offers the possibility of improving all forms of work with children, but also improving cooperation between professionals in the educational process. Through the mentioned process, it is possible to influence the improvement and improvement of all activities that are carried out with children, to influence the increase and success of their involvement in them, and to influence the finding of new ways to solve potential and emerging problems, such as and make a general contribution to the education profession. The empirical research included 140 educators who expressed their opinion and attitudes about the processes of reflection and self-reflection through an online survey in the form of a Google Forms form
Granulometric composition of the sediment in the salt marsh of the Karin Sea
No full textSlane močvare su obalni ekosustav na dodiru kopna i mora čija se površina smanjuje 1-2% godišnje. Slane močvare pružaju niz usluga ekosustava poput: mjesta za akvakulturu, bitnog staništa za juvenilne morske organizme i ptice močvarice, kruženja nutrijenata i sekvestracije ugljika. Halofiti slanih močvara pohranjuju ugljik iz atmosfere putem fotosinteze i većinski ga pohranjuju u tlo. Taj ugljik, uz ugljik livada morskih cvjetnica i šuma mangrova naziva se plavim ugljikom. Zbog karakteristika sedimenta, organski ugljik može ostati pohranjen u tlu preko tisuću godina. Na količinu pohranjenog ugljika utječe mnogo parametara od kojih je jedan veličina čestica sedimenta. Mulj (frakcija <63 μm) pozitivno je korelirana sa količinom organskog ugljika. U ovom istraživanju prikupili smo 6 sedimentarnih jezgri (T1-T6) iz kojih smo uzeli 3 uzorka u ovisnosti o položaju (vrh-sredina-dno). Uzorci su obrađeni metodom mokrog prosijavanja kroz 6 sita (2 mm, 1 mm, 500 μm, 250 μm, 125 μm i 63 μm). Rezultati pokazuju je da najveći postotak sedimenta čini upravo mulj. Između sedimentarnih jezgri nisu zabilježene statistički značajne razlike u sastavu sedimenta. Statistički značajne razlike sedimenta nisu pronađene niti u ovisnosti o dijelu sedimentarne jezgre. Rezultati sugeriraju da sediment ove slane močvare pripada u skupinu pjeskovitih muljevaSaltmarshes are a coastal ecosystem at the junction of land and sea, the area of which is decreasing by 1-2% per year. Salt marshes provide a range of ecosystem services such as: sites for aquaculture, essential habitat for juvenile marine organisms and wading birds, nutrient cycling and carbon sequestration. Through photosynthesis, salt marsh halophytes remove carbon from the atmosphere and primarily store it in the soil. This carbon, which is also found in seagrass meadows and mangrove forests, is referred to as blue carbon. Organic carbon can be retained in the soil for many millennia due to the hypoxic characteristics of the sediment. The amount of stored carbon is influenced by many parameters, one of which is the grain size of the sediment. Mud (fraction<63 μm) is positively correlated with the amount of organic carbon. In this research, we collected 6 sedimentary cores (T1-T6) from which we took 3 samples depending on the position (top-middle-bottom). The samples were processed by wet sieving through 6 sieves (2 mm, 1 mm, 500 μm, 250 μm, 125 μm and 63 μm). From the obtained results, it was concluded that the largest percentage of sediment is mud. No significant differences in sediment composition were recorded between the sedimentary cores. Also, no significant differences were found in sediment samples depending on the part of the sedimentary core. Sediments sampled in this research can be classified as sandy muds
Opinion of the kindergarten director on their contribution to the quality of inclusion in kindergartens
No full textOdgoj i obrazovanje u današnjem suvremenom društvu postali su jedno od osnovnih prava svakog čovjeka. Isto tako nužno je da sva djeca budu uključeno u neki vid odgoja i obrazovanja u skladu sa svojim razvojnim mogućnostima i sposobnostima. Inkluzija se u tom smislu postavlja kao imperativ već on najranije dobi jer omogućuju uvažavanje različitosti, odnosno specifičnosti svakog djeteta pri čemu se ipak zadovoljavaju odgojno-obrazovne potrebe djece. Inkluzija podrazumijeva uključivanje djece s teškoćama u sustav redovnog odgoja i obrazovanja i bitno je znati da cilj inkluzije nije samo uključivanje djece s teškoćama u odgojno-obrazovni sustav, već je osnovna zadaća inkluzije osigurati uvjete koji će omogućiti zadovoljavanje svih potreba djece s teškoćama. Inkluzija prema tome predstavlja rješenje za postizanje ravnopravnosti u društvu. Odgojno-obrazovni djelatnici vrlo su bitan čimbenik inkluzije, svojim sposobnostima, kompetencijama i motivacijom utječu na kvalitetu samog procesa. Samo motivirani ravnatelji, odgojitelji i stručni suradnici u dječjim vrtićima su kvalitetni, a kvaliteta je ključ uspjeha ustanova u sustavu odgoja i obrazovanja.Education in modern society has become one of the basic rights of every human being. It is also necessary for all children to be involved in some form of education according to their developmental abilities and abilities. In this sense, inclusion is placed as an imperative at the earliest age because it enables the diversity or specificity of each child to be taken into account, while still satisfying the educational needs of children. Inclusion implies inclusion of children with disabilities in the system of regular education and it is important to know that inclusion is not only aimed at inclusion o f children with disabilities in the educational system, but the main task of inclusion is to provide conditions that will enable all the needs of children with disabilities to be met. Inclusion is therefore a solution to achieving equality in society. Educational staff are a very important factor of inclusion, their abilities, competencies and motivation influence the quality of the process itself. Only motivated principals, educators and professional associates in kindergartens are of quality, and quality is the key to the success of institutions in the education system
Ship manoeuvring and docking with tugs assistance
No full textSloženi manevre brodovima poželjno je izvoditi uz asistenciju tegljača. Pritom, sa svrhom udovoljavanja sigurnosti plovidbe, uvjetima i prostorima, razvijene su razne vrste tegljača koji se u suvremenom pomorskom prometu koriste kao asistencija prilikom manevriranja brodovima. U neke od najpoznatijih vrsta tegljača ubrajaju se azumitalni, konvencionalni i traktorski tegljači čije je primjena najčešća. Također, ključnu ulogu u manevriranju brodom imaju zapovjednici broda i tegljača te peljar, kao i posada koja sudjeluje u cjelokupnom procesu koji uključuje planiranje, koordinaciju, pripremu postupka , pripremu teglene užadi te finalno i samog tegljenja. Cilj ovog rada je bio istražiti vrste i karakteristike različitih oblika vrsta tegljača te mogućnosti njihova korištenja prilikom manevriranja brodom.Complex ship maneuvers, which ships are required to do, are recommendable to perform it with aid of tugs. At the same time, with the purpose of meeting adequate level of safety of navigation, conditions and spaces, a numerous tugboats have been developed, which are used in modern maritime traffic as assistance when maneuvering ships. Some of the most known types of tugboats are azimuthal, conventional and tractor tugboat, and their use is the most common. Also, a key role in maneuvering the ship is played by the master of the ship and the tugboat, as well as the pilot, as well as the crew who participate in the entire process, which includes planning, coordination, preparation of the procedure and towlines, and the towing maneuvers themselves. The aim of this work is to investigate the types and characteristics of different forms of tugboats and the possibilities of their use when maneuvering a ship
Research on creative approaches in the marking of significant dates in Art classes
No full textSvrha obilježavanja prigodnih datuma u školi je produbljivanje i proširivanje učeničkih znanja i iskustva stečenih tijekom odrastanja u obitelji i zajednici. Vrlo važnu ulogu u obilježavanju prigodnih datuma ima učitelj, odnosno aktivnosti koje odabire kao i način motiviranja učenika. Obilježavanje prigodnih datuma u školi provodi se kroz različite aktivnosti: praktični rad, likovne radionice, igru, izvanučioničku nastavu, pisanje pjesama i priča te mnoge druge aktivnosti. Učitelji razredne nastave nastoje učenicima kroz njihovu izvornu stvarnost približiti blagdane, državne praznike te značajne datume i događaje. Učenicima bi obilježavanje prigodnih datuma trebalo približiti na kreativan i zabavan način kroz pažljivo odabrane motive podatne za učeničko izražavanje raznolikih likovnih sadržaja. Na nastavi Likovne kulture učitelj kod djece treba poticati hrabrost za pronalaženjem neuhodanih puteva, kreativnost i originalnost. Učitelj treba izbjegavati šablonske prikaze te djecu ohrabrivati na individualno izražavanje. Nerijetko su prigodni datumi na nastavi Likovne kulture obilježeni šablonama i stereotipima, a učitelj u svome stvaralaštvu ne bi smio pokleknuti pritisku tih pojava kao i univerzalnih prigodnih motiva. U ovom radu najprije su se prikupili i analizirali podatci iz dostupne literature koji su se zatim deskriptivnom metodom obradili u formi diplomskog eseja, a zatim se u praktičnom dijelu provelo istraživanje u četiri osnovnoškolska razreda kako bi se ispitala mogućnost kreativnog obilježavanju prigodnih datuma na nastavi Likovne kulture (u ovom slučaju Majčinog dana).The purpose of celebrating significant dates at school is to deepen and expand students' knowledge and experience gained during their upbringing in the family and community. The teacher, who prepares the activities and motivates the students, has a very important role in marking significant dates. Marking of significant dates at school is accomplished through various activities: practical work, art workshops, games, extracurricular activities, writing songs and stories, and many other types of activities. Through their original reality, classroom teachers try to bring holidays and other significant dates and events closer to their students. Students should be introduced to the marking of significant dates in a creative and fun way through carefully selected motifs suitable for students’ expression of diverse artistic content. In Art classes, the teacher should encourage students to experiment, find untrodden paths, and be creative and original. Moreover, the teacher should avoid template presentations and encourage children to express themselves individually. Significant dates in Art classes are often marked by templates and stereotypes, and in their creativity, the teacher should not submit to the pressure of these phenomena as well as universal appropriate motifs. In this work, data from the available literature was first collected, analyzed and then processed in the form of a diploma essay using the descriptive method. Furthermore, the practical part entails a research which was conducted in four elementary school classes in order to examine the possibility of creatively marking significant dates in Art classes. (Mother's Day, in this case)