“Lituanistika”, International Research Database
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The Importance of investment for the green economy in countries at different levels of development
No full textInvestment in renewable energy sources is gradually becoming the most popular investment in the world. Sustainable investment is an encouraged solution because it does no harm to nature. The aim of the study is to find out whether richer or less rich countries invest more in renewable energy sources. The richer a country is and attracts more foreign investment, the faster its economy grows. If a country is less rich, attracts less foreign investment, its economy grows slower. We found that investment in the green economy is following this trend as well. Countries invest in the green economy because they want to be either completely energy independent or become less dependent on other countries. It is important for the country's economy not only to invest in other countries, but also to attract foreign investment in order to strengthen the domestic economy. The high level of the country's economy is indicated by direct investment in foreign states. Economic development depends on the kind of investment. Economic growth can be predicted based on investment. Investment increases the productive potential of the economy. Net investment shows the country's economic situation. The economy is growing if the amount of total investment exceeds depreciation. Investment is very beneficial and important for the development and growth of the country's economy. All investments, including green investment, improve and increase the development and growth of the country's economy. Through the generated gross domestic product, investment affects the country's economy. Economic growth depends on foreign and domestic investment. The main problem of investing in renewable resources is the cost of technology: the higher the price, the longer the payback period is. Therefore, economically stronger countries can invest more in renewable energy sources. Economically stronger countries with favourable climate conditions invest more in renewable energy sources, while economically weaker countries with poorer climate conditions invest less in them. Economic growth depends on foreign and domestic investment The richer a country is and attracts more foreign investment, the faster its economy grows. If a country is less rich, attracts less foreign investment, its economy grows slower. Keywords: investment, green economy, energy prices, GDP
Preconditions for the "farm-to-school" model from stakeholders' perspective: the case of Klaipeda region
No full textFarm-to-school programs represent a global movement aimed at bolstering childhood nutrition, enhancing the quality of school meals, and empowering of local markets. However, these initiatives exhibit significant diversity in their implementation strategies across different countries and remain variably defined in both research and program evaluation literature. In the context of the Klaipeda region project, Farm-to-school programs could be conceptualized as initiatives centred around local or regional food procurement, alongside agriculture and nutrition-based educational endeavours. These activities would encompass the provision of locally sourced foods in schools, the facilitation of educational sessions, and the establishment of school gardens, all aimed at bridging the gap between educational institutions, local farmers, food producers, and distributors. The overarching goal is to integrate fresh, locally sourced food into both school cafeterias and curricula. The research findings, based on interviews conducted in the Klaipeda region with municipality specialists, shed light on the specific nuances of possible Farm-to-school program implementation in this region. Key takeaways from the responses include the commitment to regulatory compliance with Green Public Procurement rules, with a strong emphasis on sourcing food produced within Lithuania. Despite their dedication to supporting local agriculture and providing fresh, locally sourced food, these programmes grapple with challenges related to quantity, cost, administrative hurdles, and procurement policies. Decision-making processes are influenced by a diverse array of stakeholders, including municipal bodies and the broader community. Keywords: Farm-to-school programme, stakeholder involvement, Klaipeda region
Lietuvos liuteronų giesmyno, parengto pagal bendrinės kalbos normas, publikavimas sovietmečiu
No full textStraipsnyje aprašomos Lietuvos Liuteronų Bažnyčios pastangos sovietinės ateizacijos laikotarpiu išleisti giesmyną bendrine lietuvių kalba. Įgyvendindama šį siekį Bažnyčia patyrė įvairiausių trikdžių iš sovietinės valdžios, kuri kontroliavo leidybą ir į religinę literatūrą žvelgė kaip į svetimos ideologijos apraišką. Bažnyčiai kilo iššūkių ir jos pačios viduje. Tuo metu oficialus bažnyčios giesmynas buvo „Pagerintos giesmių knygos“, kurio paskutinė laida pasirodė Klaipėdoje 1936 m. Kadangi Mažosios Lietuvos giesmyno kalba nebeatitiko bendrinės kalbos reikalavimų, dar prieškario Konsistorija parengė naują giesmyną, tačiau dėl 1941 m. repatriacijos nespėjo knygos publikuoti. Naujai suformuota Konsistorija nusprendė, kad giesmių tekstai redaguoti per daug radikaliai, tad atsisakė knygą spausdinti. 1942 m. šį giesmyną atspausdinus Evangelikų reformatų kolegijai, Konsistorija paskelbė, kad knyga netinkama naudoti parapijose. Karo ir pokario laikotarpiu dvasininkai laikėsi nuomonės, kad giesmyno tekstus reikia redaguoti atsargiai, keičiant tik vieną ar kitą nebevartotiną žodį ar stiliaus trūkumus. N. Chruščiovo „atšilimo laikotarpiu“ esant galimybei publikuoti religinę literatūrą, Konsistorija nusprendė parengti naują giesmyno laidą, tačiau neturėdama laiko ir pajėgumų redaguoti senųjų giesmių tekstų apsisprendė daugelį giesmių paimti iš 1942 m. giesmyno. 1956 m. giesmyno įžangoje Konsistorija pažymėjo, kad knyga nepretenduoja pakeisti senųjų giesmių knygų, ji skirta tik tikinčiųjų asmeniniam naudojimui. 1970 m. Sinodas nusprendė parengti pataisytą ir papildytą giesmyno laidą, tekstus labiau derinant „su tikinčiųjų pamėgtomis 1936 m. Klaipėdoje išleistomis pagerintomis giesmių knygomis.“ Rankraštis įteiktas Religijų reikalų įgaliotiniui 1979 m., tačiau dėl įvairių sovietinės valdžios darytų trikdžių giesmynas atspausdintas tik 1982 m. Knyga naudota daugelyje parapijų. Trečioji „Giesmių ir maldų knygelės“ laida pasirodė 1988 m. ir parapijose buvo palankiai sutikta. Pagrindiniai žodžiai: Liuteronų bažnyčia, giesmynas.During the ‘Khrushchev Thaw’, the Soviet government eased its anti-religious policies, and this opened up the possibility for the Lithuanian Lutheran Church to publish its first postwar hymnal. However, due to its too ‘modern’ language, the 1956 hymnal was not introduced in parishes, but was only intended for personal use. The demand for a hymnal in line with the modern Lithuanian language remained relevant. Therefore, the 1970 synod decided to prepare a hymnal, the texts of which would be closer to the old hymns in the 1936 Lithuania Minor hymnal. The hymnal was published in 1982, and was introduced for use in many parishes. The third edition appeared in 1988. The article describes the challenges the Church faced in preparing a hymnal during the Soviet period, both internally and from the atheist Soviet government, which viewed religious literature as the manifestation of a foreign ideology. Keywords: Lutheran Church, hymnal
Electronic field protocols for prehospital care quality improvement in Lithuania: a randomized simulation-based study
No full textBackground: Prehospital emergency care is complex and influenced by various factors, leading to the need for decision-support tools. Studies suggest that cognitive aids improve provider performance and patient outcomes in clinical emergencies. Electronic cognitive aids have rarely been investigated in prehospital care. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of the electronic field protocol (eFP) module on performance, adherence to the standard of care, and satisfaction of prehospital care providers in a simulated environment. Methods: This randomised simulation-based study was conducted at the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences in Kaunas, Lithuania. The simulation scenarios were developed to test 12 eFPs: adult resuscitation, pediatric resuscitation, delivery and postpartum care, seizures in pregnancy, stroke, anaphylaxis, acute chest pain, acute abdominal pain, respiratory distress in children, severe trauma, severe infection and sepsis, and initial neonatal evaluation and resuscitation. Sixteen prehospital practitioners with at least 3 years of clinical experience were randomly assigned to either use the eFP module or perform without it in each of the 12 simulated scenarios. Participant scores and adherence to standardised checklists were compared between the two performance modes. Participant satisfaction was measured through a post-simulation survey. Results: A total of 190 simulation sessions were conducted. Compared to the use of memory alone, the use of the eFP module significantly improved participants’ performance in 10 out of the 12 simulation scenarios. Adherence to the standardised checklist increased from 60 to 85% (p < 0.001). Post-simulation survey results indicate that participants found the eFP module easy to use and relevant to prehospital clinical practice. Conclusions: The study findings suggest that the eFP module as a cognitive aid can enhance prehospital practitioners’ performance and adherence to the standard of care in simulated scenarios. These results highlight the potential of standardised eFPs as a quality improvement step in prehospital care in Lithuania. Keywords: Prehospital, Electronic field protocols, Cognitive aids, Clinical decision support, Simulation
Solutions of brand posts on Facebook to increase customer engagement using the Random Forest prediction model
No full textThis paper aims to predict customer engagement behaviour (CEB), i.e. likes, shares, comments, and emoji reactions, on company posts on Facebook. A sample of 1109 brand posts from Facebook pages in Lithuania was used. The Random Forest method was used to train models to predict customer engagement behaviour based on features including time frame, content, and media types of brand posts. The data was used for training nine binary classification models using the Random Forest method, which can predict the popularity of a company’s posts. In terms of social score, accuracy of likes, comments, and shares varied from 68.4 % (likes on a post) to 84.0 % (comments on a post). For emotional responses, accuracy varied from 65.6 % (‘wow’ on a post) to 82.5 % (‘ha ha’ on a post). The data was collected from one single media platform and country, and encompassed emotional expressions at an early stage on Facebook. The findings of Random Forest prediction models can help organisations to make more efficient solutions for brand posts on Facebook to increase customer engagement. This paper outlines the first steps in creating a predictive engagement score towards diverse types of brand posts on Facebook. The same approach to features of brand posts might be applied to other social media platforms such as Instagram and LinkedIn. Keywords: customer engagement behaviour; emoji; social media; machine learning; Posts; Random Forest
Systematic post crisis tourism supply chain transformation towards resilience in the context of tour operators
No full textThe significance of this manuscript lies in the aftermath of the Covid-19 pandemic, officially declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) on the 30th of March, 2020, and its persistent influence on a global scale even after a span of three years. This unprecedented event has instigated impediments across diverse economic domains, with tourism and its intricate supply chains emerging as the most severely affected. The executed investigation delves into intra organizational transformations within the framework of tourism supply chain management, particularly through the lens of tour operators, amidst the temporal landscape of both the pandemic era and its aftermath. Notably, numerous extensive service providers in the tourism sector have implemented strategies pertaining to tourism supply chain management transformations. Consequently, this article focuses on the efficacious transformations of tour operators, addressing pivotal constituents. The research findings delineate the repercussions induced by the pandemic on tour operators in Lithuania and consequently propose a resilience framework, contributing to the broader understanding of post-pandemic tourism supply chain transformation towards adaptability and resilience strategies. Keywords: tourism supply chain, tour operators, transformation, resilience, post crisis
Transitioning to independent living in the community: trajectories and crossroads in the context of Lithuania
No full textThis paper aims to analyse the transition to independent living through the lens of the wellbeing of communities. A case study methodology was applied. The research showed that the relocation of people with disabilities into community group homes is only an intermediate stage towards independent living. Without a thorough discussion with local people, it can end in a lack of trust in the idea of deinstitutionalisation. Paradoxically, independence implies co-dependence on each other, as this co-dependence opens up opportunities both for newly arrived people with disabilities as well as for long-time residents of the community. Keywords: deinstitutionalisation; persons with disabilities; independent living; Lithuania
Another pandemic: how moral distress affected Polish and Lithuanian clinicians
No full textThe SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has transgressed biomedical categories. According to Horton, it turned out to be a 'syndrome' that infected virtually all spheres of social life. The pandemic has created toxic social atmosphere highly unfavorable to clinical and clinic-ethical decision making. Constraints and pressures related to micro-, meso-, exo- and macro-environments framing doctors, nurses, and medical students in training were identified. These factors exacerbated moral distress (moral injury) amongst clinicians. In a joint Polish-Lithuanian project (IDUB 2020-2022) we examined predictors of moral distress in pandemic clinical contexts. A survey-based, real-time, correlational and comparative study was conducted in Poland and Lithuania after the first year of pandemic with N=227 participants. Unexpected differences on regular and pandemic-type moral distress levels were found between the two national samples. Polish participants showed significantly higher moral distress levels than their Lithuanian counterparts. The following article discusses these findings and recommends the reinforcement of resilient medical decision making. Keywords: SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, toxic sociomoral atmosphere, healthcare ecology, moral distress, differences in levels of moral distress between Polish and Lithuanian medical workers, resiliency
Women's experiences of life force atrocities in the Baltic ghettos, 1941-1944
No full textThis article focuses on Jewish women in the Nazi ghettos of German-occupied Latvia and Lithuania. It uses testimonies and memoirs of survivors to develop a narrative about life force atrocities at these sites, highlighting ways in which being a Jewish woman shaped the experience of the ghettos, where gendered risks were ubiquitous. Being a woman in the ghettos meant being both exploited and undervalued as a source of physical labor, targeted as a potential or actual bearer of children, and violated as an object of racist and sexist ideology and rage. Life force atrocities have physical and symbolic dimensions, targeting bodies, bonds, and norms of the community. This work considers what women’s accounts tell us about the presence – or ubiquity – of life force atrocities in the Baltic ghettos. It draws on the concepts of the universe of obligation and social death to highlight key roots and consequences of these atrocities for women. In testimonies and memoirs, we encounter themes of pregnancy, forced abortion, the wrenching loss of loved ones, sexual violence, and decisions made in the desperate hope of saving oneself or another. Survivor accounts are key to revealing life force atrocities as defining features of the Nazi ghettos, and the gendered risks faced by women prisoners in Nazi-occupied Riga, Daugavpils, and Kaunas. Keywords: Baltic ghettos; genocide and sexual violence; Holocaust in the Baltics; Nazi ghettos; women in the Holocaust
Changes on economic freedom in 11 post-socialist countries of Central-Eastern and South-Eastern Europe in 1996-2022
No full textMotivation: One of the most important dimensions of socio-economic development in democratic countries with market economies remains economic freedom. In this context, it is worth assessing the evolution of economic freedom in 11 countries of Central and Eastern Europe and South-Eastern Europe: Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Lithuania, Latvia, Poland, Romania, Slovenia, Slovakia during the period of institutional transformations in 1996–2022. Aim: The aim of the article is to present the results on correlation, s-convergence and s-divergence, as well as a multidimensional comparative analysis in the field of economic freedom. In order to conduct comparative analyzes, the economic freedom indexes published by The Heritage Foundation in Washington and Wall Street Journal will be used. They measure 12 quantitative and qualitative aspects grouped around the four pillars of economic freedom: Rule of Law — property rights, government integrity, judicial effectiveness; Government Size — government spending, tax burden, fiscal health; Efficiency regulators — business freedom, labour freedom, monetary freedom; Open Markets — trade freedom, investment freedom, financial freedom. Results: The obtained results allow us to assess the generally positive changes in economic freedom in its 12 partial and 1 general aspects in relation to each country separately, as well as in relation to the group of countries that joined the European Union after 2003. They are a significant supplement to the knowledge about creating economic freedom in 11 post-socialist countries in the years 1996–2022. Keywords: economic freedom, σ-convergence, σ-divergence analysis, multidimensional comparative analysis, clusters, dendrograms