“Lituanistika”, International Research Database
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Kauno tarpukario modernizmo ir medžio santykis: fotografijų paroda "Miestovaizdžio balsai"
No full textKūrybinis projektas, fotografijų serija „Miestovaizdžio balsai“ tyrinėja tarpukario modernizmo gyvenamosios architektūros paveldo ir šių dienų sumedėjusių augalų (medžių) santykį Kaune, akcentuojant ir atminties reprezentaciją. Šiandien, Kauno miesto vaizdui sparčiai keičiantis, tarpukario modernizmas aktualizuoja kolektyvinę miesto atmintį, yra reikšminga kultūros istorijos dalis, bet kartu laukia rekonstrukcijos. Šalia – regimi miesto medžiai, augantys šiandien ir patenkantys tarsi į „nesaugią zoną“, nes nežinoma, ar, atlikus vietų rekonstrukciją, jie išliktų. Turtingi kultūros paveldo paminklai neretai tampa fonu ažūrą primenantiems medžio motyvams arba šie želdiniai šiandien „susigretina“ su tarpukariu žmogaus rankomis sukurtais architektūros dekoro (art deco) elementais – geometrines formas ir augalus primenančiais motyvais. Kai kuriose fotografijose susipina ir dvi skirtingos atmintys – „tarpukario“ architektūros paveldo ir medžio, kuris auga seniai ir šiandien gali būti savitas gamtos paminklas. Kūrybiniu projektu siekiama skirti daugiau dėmesio paveldo vietų svarbai ir atskleisti urbanistinį peizažą, kuris neįsivaizduojamas be želdinių (medžių). Medis kūrybiniame darbe funkcionuoja kaip gamtos mieste metonimija, neatsiejama miestovaizdžio dalis. Dokumentuojami miestovaizdžio architektūros objektai atskleidžia, kaip tarpukario modernizmo ir medžio santykis kuria šiandienos urbanistinį peizažą. Fotografijų serija perteikia kultūros (gyvenamosios architektūros) ir gamtos (medžių) „balsus“, atsiskleidžiančius ir lygiavertiškai, ir išsiskiriant vienam iš jų. Todėl iškyla arba „žalio“ miesto idėja, kurianti harmoningą erdvę, arba vienovės stokojantis architektūros ir medžio duetas, kuriame architektūra lieka tarsi šaltas objektas. Tarpukario modernizmo architektūros paveldas ir sumedėję augalai (medžiai) yra urbanistinio kraštovaizdžio dėmenys, fotografijoje kuriantys abipusį santykį. Gyvenamoji architektūra šiandien saugo to laikotarpio miesto atmintį. Šalia augantys sumedėję augalai byloja dabartį. Tai kuria erdvę, apipintą tiek pastato istorija, tiek medžio istorija (jaunas, senas, išsikerojęs, sulysęs ir pan.). Kūrybinės fotografijos serijoje „Miestovaizdžio balsai“ pasirinkta tema plėtojama kiekvienoje fotografijoje vaizduojant gyvenamąją architektūrą ir medžius – kultūros ir gamtos „balsus“. Šių dviejų elementų ryšys atsiskleidžia skirtingai, todėl toks santykis tarp labai skirtingų kraštovaizdžio elementų yra daugiaprasmis. Fotografija serijoje tampa savotiška „tarpininke“, jungiančia kultūrą ir gamtą į vieną erdvės atvaizdą
Vargas dėl proto, arba psichiatrija XIX a. antrosios pusės Vilniuje
No full textStraipsnyje apžvelgiama Vilniaus psichiatrijos gydyklų raida XIX a. antrojoje pusėje. Analizuojama, kaip ši medicinos šaka, patyrusi daugybę infrastruktūrinių ir konceptualinių pokyčių, iš viduramžiškos praktikos, grįstos prievartiniu ligonio izoliavimu, virto modernius gydymo metodus išpažįstančiu mokslu. Intensyviausios permainos įžvelgiamos nuo 1903 iki 1905 m., kai pradėjo veikti tuo metu Rusijos imperijoje didžiausia psichiatrijos gydykla – Vilniaus apygardos ligoninė. Šis laikas sutapo su pirmojo naujosios institucijos direktoriaus Nikolajaus Krainskio vadovavimo laikotarpiu. Kaip tik tada čia įgyvendintos paciento nevaržymo, jo darbinės veiklos ir socialinių įgūdžių puoselėjimo idėjos, kurios Vakarų Europoje buvo suformuluotos dar XVIII–XIX a. sandūroje. Kita vertus, mėginama parodyti, kaip degeneracijos teorijos veikiamas psichikos mokslas Rusijos imperijoje įgijo konservatyvų politinį turinį, kuris pasirodė esąs efektyvus konstruoti diskriminacinius tarpetninių santykių modelius. Tyrime daroma išvada, kad Vilniuje, panašiai kaip ir kituose daugiataučių imperijos pakraščių miestuose, psichiatrijos gydyklos atliko ne tik medicinos diagnostikos bei terapijos funkcijas. Kasmet klinikų renkami ir Vidaus reikalų ministerijos Medicinos departamentui teikiami statistiniai duomenys buvo potencialiai parankūs siekiant stigmatizuoti ištisas tautines vietos bendruomenes.This article presents an overview of the development of psychiatric centres in Vilnius in the second half of the long 19th century. The author analyses how, having undergone a whole range of infrastructural and conceptual changes, this branch of medicine was transformed from being a series of Medieval practices based on the forced isolation of patients to a science acknowledging modern methods of treatment. The most changes could be seen in the period from 1903 to 1905, when the Vilnius District Hospital, the largest psychiatric asylum in the Russian Empire, was established. This period coincided with the leadership of the new institution’s first director Nikolai Krainskii. It was then that the principles of non-restraint and the ideas of cultivating a patient’s work activities and social skills, which had been formulated in Western Europe at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries, were implemented. On the other hand, the author also tries to show how, under the effects of degeneration theory, psychiatry in the Russian Empire adopted a conservative political bias, which seemed to be effective in constructing discriminatory models of interethnic relations. The conclusion arising from this research is that in Vilnius, much like in other multiethnic Imperial border cities, psychiatric asylums served not only as medical institutions but also as statistical centres. Data about patients collected each year by the clinics and then passed on to the Medical Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs was a potentially useful tool for the stigmatisation of entire local ethnic communities. Keywords: Russian Empire, Northwest Region, Vilnius province, Vilnius District Psychiatric Hospital, biological medicine, positivism, psychiatry, degeneration theory, visual stigma, ethnicity
Constitution of 3 May 1791: testament of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Richard Butterwick
No full textThe 3 May Constitution provokes turbulent discussions among all the nations living in the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. In Poland it is still argued whether the reforms were enough to steer the state out of crisis; whereas in Lithuania we are still stuck on the entrenched question of whether the constitution is a part of the historic legacy of Poland alone, or a part of Lithuania’s historic legacy too? In Belarus and Ukraine, meanwhile, there is a negative attitude towards the 3 May Constitution, even though attempts have been made by some historians to consider the event as one of the more positive moments in their history. This makes Richard Butterwick’s book a very long-awaited contribution in the context of the discussions among historians. The publication of the monograph coincided with the 230th anniversary of the constitution, an occasion that was commemorated in both Poland and Lithuania. As the Lithuanian Institute of History, which published the Lithuanian-language edition of the book explains, the monograph came out in this anniversary year (2021) not only in English, Polish and Lithuanian, but also in Ukrainian as well
Reflections of ideological and party polemic on social issues in the Lithuanian Oberost press, 1917-1918
No full textStraipsnyje nagrinėjama vadinamojo ,,socialinio klausimo“, arba ,,socialinės problemos“, suvokimas ir atspindėjimas Pirmojo pasaulinio karo metų lietuviškoje periodinėje Oberosto spaudoje. Pirmojo pasaulinio karo metai yra tarsi natūrali jungtis tarp dviejų skirtingų laikotarpių, kai prieškariu lietuviškame kontekste iš esmės vyko vien visuomeninis diskursas socialiniais klausimais, o baigiantis karui jau imta kurti Lietuvos valstybės socialinės apsaugos politikos pradmenis. Nepaisant to, karo laikotarpis, o ypač vokiečių okupacijos periodas, Lietuvoje vis dar menkai tyrinėtas socialinės problematikos atžvilgiu. Tad svarbu išsiaiškinti, kaip vokiečių okupacijoje likusių lietuvių aplinkoje reflektuotos socialinės problemos, kokios buvo prieškariu vykusio socialinio diskurso tolesnės tendencijos. Manytume, kad šio diskurso esmė bei bruožai geriausiai atsiskleidžia ne per paprastą tam tikrų nuostatų, postulatų ištransliavimą, o per polemiką ideologiniu bei partiniu pagrindu, todėl į „socialinio klausimo“ suvokimą nutarėme pažvelgti būtent per tokią prizmę. Raktažodžiai: socialinis klausimas, polemika, Pirmasis pasaulinis karas, kaizerinė okupacija, lietuviška periodika.In the second half of the nineteenth century, a production structure based on a new form of property and a new form of labour – capital and wage labour, respectively – were evolving in the economies of Western European countries. Societies began to exhibit divisions and oppositions based on this conflict between labour and capital. Pope Leo XIII referred to this conflict, which had become particularly acute in Western countries, as ‘social question’. At the beginning of the twentieth century, the discussion of this issue became topical in Lithuania as well and was active primarily in Catholic circles. Although the period of the German occupation in Lithuania during World War I became a crucial starting point on the path to the social security policy of an independent state, it has been very poorly researched in this regard until now. It is therefore important to clarify how social problems were reflected in the environment of Lithuanians under the German occupation and what the tendencies of the pre-war social discourse were under the new circumstances. The essence and features of such discourse are most promisingly revealed not through the simple broadcast of certain attitudes and postulates by specific social groups, which, incidentally, was a common practice, but through polemic on an ideological, party basis. Therefore, in this study, we attempt to look at the perception of the ‘social question’ through this particular prism. In the autumn of 1917, as the political process leading to greater independence for Lithuania was developing, the Germans allowed the establishment not only of Lietuvos aidas [Echo of Lithuania], the official organ of the Lithuanian Council, but also of two other Lithuanian periodicals, organised on the party principle and representing the two largest Lithuanian political-ideological currents: the Social Democrats and the Christian Democrats. From then on, it becomes possible to talk about the columns, themes, their differences and tendencies of the Lithuanian periodical Oberost press, including the sphere of social issues. It is important to note that both Christian and social democrats viewed ideological and party polemic, which were essentially a continuation of the pre-war polemic, as a natural and self-evident phenomenon with a positive foundation. However, a systematic constructive polemic between these different forces did not develop, and the reason for this should be sought in different strategic visions of the future: while the Christian movement desired only to improve and reform the existing social order, the leftists sought to fundamentally transform it into a socialist one, in other words, to change the rules of the game as such. This also applied to the discussion of social issues, but it was only in the discussion of the socially relevant issue of land reform that manifestations of a constructive dialogue could be observed. As the socialists sought to expand their support base among Lithuanian peasants, they seemed to listen to their wishes and created an impression of flexibility. In early October 1918, as Germany approached the brink of military defeat and began to liberalise its policies, changes also swept through Oberost. One of them was the complete abolition of press censorship on 15 October. From then on, party polemic in the Lithuanian press became significantly sharper and more straightforward, but did not gain constructiveness. It was more like a political struggle taken to rhetorical extremes, with disinformation and demagoguery. The Darbo balsas [The Voice of Labour], the mouthpiece of the left wing, poured criticism on the right-dominated Lithuanian State Council, which was still freeing itself from the grip of the occupation administration and trying to become an actual governing institution. In this situation, the nationalist-dominated Lietuvos aidas, the official organ of the Council, which until then was trying to maintain the role of a unifier or a mediator of political forces, also engaged in the polemic. From now on, the nationalist current, united with the Christian Democrats, stood against the socialists on the ideological front. Yet again, we find only meagre manifestations of social content in that sharp polemic. Individual publications of social content would occasionally appear in the right-wing press, and a tendency towards a decisive role of the state in solving social problems emerged in late autumn of 1918. Meanwhile, the echoes of the revolution in Germany gave the leftists the illusion that the time had come for a decisive transformation of society in Lithuania, so they did not attach great importance to narrow social polemic with opponents at that time. With a small layer of industrial workers in Lithuania, the attention of both the left-wing and right-wing press concentrated on the situation and problems of manor workers as a social group whose attitude was imagined to be decisive in the development of events in the upcoming revolutionary upheavals. Keywords: social question, polemic, First World War, German occupation, Lithuanian periodicals
Reading between the lines: correspondence of Lithuanian diplomats Stasys Lozoraitis (Jr.) and Juozas Urbšys (1977-1983)
No full textStraipsnyje analizuojama Lietuvos pasiuntinybėje prie Šventojo Sosto dirbusio Stasio Lozoraičio (jaunesniojo) ir Juozo Urbšio, iki sovietų okupacijos ėjusio Lietuvos Respublikos užsienio reikalų ministro pareigas, tarpusavio korespondencija. Lietuvos centriniame valstybės archyve saugoma 43 lapų apimties byla "Lietuvos atstovo prie Šventojo Sosto S. Lozoraičio jaunesniojo susirašinėjimo su J. Urbšiu leidinių persiuntimo ir asmeniniais klausimais dokumentai" iki šiol nėra skelbta ir plačiau netyrinėta. Straipsnio tikslas yra į akademinę aplinką įtraukti iki šiol nepublikuotus šaltinius, juos išanalizuoti, interpretuoti bei įvardyti tarp eilučių minimus asmenis, įvykius, pakomentuoti jų aplinkybes ir taip parodyti Lietuvos diplomatinės tarnybos (LDT) neafišuojamus ryšius su okupuota Lietuva šaltojo karo metais. 1977–1983 m. dviejų diplomatų tarpusavio korespondencija liudija apie šiapus ir anapus geležinės uždangos buvusių Lietuvos diplomatų ir jų artimųjų kasdienybę, neutralias pokalbių temas, atskleidžia ironišką požiūrį į sovietinę sistemą. Per pagrindinį dialogą apie siunčiamas ir gaunamas knygas atsiskleidžia perduodama abiem pusėms svarbi informacija apie Vatikano radijo laidas ir permainos LDT. Laiškai parodo korespondentų požiūrį į knygas, istoriją, lituanistiką, memuaristiką bei abiejų viltį ir optimizmą, tikėjimą geresne krašto ateitimi. Raktažodžiai: Stasys Lozoraitis (jaunesnysis), Juozas Urbšys, Lietuvos diplomatinė tarnyba, Lietuvos okupacija, diplomatų korespondencija, leidiniai, sovietinė cenzūra.The article analyses the correspondence between Stasys Lozoraitis (Jr.), who worked in the Lithuanian Legation to the Holy See, and Juozas Urbšys, who served as the Lithuanian Foreign Minister until the Soviet occupation. The 43-page file "Documents of correspondence between the Lithuanian representative to the Holy See, Stasys Lozoraitis, Jr., and Juozas Urbšys on sent publications and personal matters", which is kept in the Lithuanian Central State Archive, has not been published or studied in detail so far. The aim of the article is to introduce the unpublished sources into the academic environment, to analyse and interpret them, and to identify the persons, events and circumstances mentioned "between the lines" thus showing the undeclared relations of the Lithuanian diplomatic service with the occupied Lithuania during the Cold War. The correspondence (1977–1983) reveals the everyday life of Lithuanian diplomats and their relatives on the other side of the Iron Curtain, the neutral topics of their conversations, and an ironic view of the Soviet system. The dialogue on books sent and received reveals the mutually important information transmitted about Vatican Radio broadcasts and changes in the Lithuanian diplomatic service. The letters show the correspondents’ attitudes towards books, history, Lithuanian studies, memoirs, their hope and optimism, and belief in a better future for the country. Keywords: Stasys Lozoraitis (junior), Juozas Urbšys, Lithuanian diplomatic service, occupation of Lithuania, diplomatic correspondence, publications, Soviet censorship
Serpent narratives: Eglė and Bai Suzhen in cross-cultural harmony
No full textŠiame straipsnyje nagrinėjamos įspūdingos paralelės ir išskirtiniai tiek lietuvių, tiek kinų kultūriniai pasakojimai, susiję su žmogaus-gyvatės šeimos mitu. Tyrinėjami pasakojimai "Eglė žalčių karalienė" ir "Baltosios gyvatės legenda", taikant lyginamąjį folkloristinį metodą. Analizuojami šių pasakojimų siužetiniai elementai, naratyvų struktūros bei kultūriniai simboliai. Atskleidžiami lietuvių ir kinų pasakojimų apie žmogaus-gyvatės sąjungas motyvai ir esminiai kultūriniai skirtumai. Raktažodžiai: Eglė žalčių karalienė, Baltosios gyvatės legenda, folklorinė komparatyvistinė analizė, mitologija.This paper delves into the captivating parallels and unique cultural narratives surrounding the human-snake family myth in Lithuanian and Chinese folklore. Concentrating on the tales of "Eglė the Queen of Serpents", and "The Legend of the White Snake", the study employs a comparative folkloristic approach to scrutinize the plot characteristics, narrative structures, and cultural symbolism embedded within these stories. By discerning common themes and notable differences, the research unveils shared motifs and divergent cultural interpretations between the Lithuanian and Chinese accounts of human-serpent unions. Keywords: Eglė the Queen of Serpents, The Legend of the White Snake, folklore comparative analysis, mythology
Linguistic competence of the Basilian monks of the Lithuanian province in the 17th-18th centuries
No full textThe activity of the Basilian congregation is crucial to understanding the cultural, social, religious transformations and relations occurring at the cultural borderlands marked by the Latin and Byzantine cultural circles. Based on the catalogue of Basilians studying at the papal seminary in Vilnius between 1611 and 1795, and a census of the monks from 1800, the paper analyses the linguistic competences of the Basilians of the Lithuanian province. The monks usually had knowledge of three languages i.e., Latin, Polish and "Sclavonica" or "Ruthenica". In the second half of the 18th century, Basilians expanded their linguistic competences to include knowledge of modern languages: French, German and Italian. In response to pastoral needs, they used Lithuanian, Samogitian and Latvian. The monks used their linguistic competences in their pastoral and educational work. The monks in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, together with the Unitarian parish clergy, formed an environment that maintained the literary tradition of the Ruthenian language. Basilians' linguistic competences shaped the forms of content and message in pastoral work, spreading faith and enabling correlations between the cultural heritage of various linguistic groups. The monks' skills enabled them to act as content intermediaries between communities of different linguistic backgrounds and between elite and egalitarian culture. Key words: Uniate Church, Basilian Order, Basilians of the Lithuanian Province, Basilian education, Ruthenian culture, Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Illustrissime princeps, episcope reverendissime: z czego utrzymywał się Jan z Książąt Litewskich będąc księciem i biskupem?
No full textFrom childhood, the son of Sigismund the Old and Catherine Telniczanka, John of the Lithuanian Dukes (1499-1538), knew he was a prince, and so did his contemporaries. However, maintaining a princely estate does not come cheaply. The aim of this article is not to examine in detail the financial records of this princely cleric, for such documents no longer exist, nor shall we speak in general of the official income of the bishops of Vilnius; rather, we shall examine, where the meagre sources permit, how the bishop garnered income from property deals, the patronage of artisans, loans, and tax farming to fund his activities as a prince of the Church and a responsible secular lord. A broad account is given of John’s income and expenditure in childhood, his clerical career in the sees of Płock, Poznań and Vilnius, and his acquisition of property in Šiauliai and Volyn. Attention is also paid to the bishop’s use of the adoption law to his financial advantage. John was by no means a poor man but he was not as wealthy as he might appear – he promised to pay for building work in Poznań but left debts; he was expected to restore the city walls, but died prematurely. He pledged to present the Poznań cathedral treasury with a golden chalice but left only a debt of 300 złoty; the same goes for the ring he promised on his joyful ingress into his new see. He was economically astute – he built the first glass foundry in Vilnius on condition it provide him with window glass and tableware. He purchased houses and rented them out for long term occupation – the rent of at least three generations of Kirchel burghers in Vilnius funded his mansionary chapel in Vilnius cathedral. He gives the impression of never having enough ready cash at hand, despite obtaining large swathes of financially profitable grand-ducal territory which produced the considerable income he needed to spend on administration. Keywords: John of the Lithuanian Dukes; Vilnius bishop; income; debts; status
The Role of financial intelligence quotient and financial literacy for paving a path towards financial well-being
No full textThis study aims to develop an original financial intelligence quotient (FIQ) measurement conceptual model, including guidelines for adequately handling personal finances in four developed areas to serve as benchmarks of financial intelligence. Four hypotheses were raised, one of them consists of four parts. Methods used: a questionnaire to determine how well a person’s financial decisions comply with financial behaviour guidelines, Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient to determine the internal consistency of the scales used in the questionnaire, Spearman correlation coefficient to determine the linear dependence between the variables, a linear regression model was developed to substantiate the hypothesis, the MannWhitney-Wilcoxon rank-sum criterion, the KolmogorovSmirnov test to choose the data distribution according to the normal distribution, descriptive statistics, the Kruskal-Wallis test to support the hypothesis. The results show that an individual’s FIQ influences financial decision-making in essential areas of personal finance management and varies due to education but is not dependent on gender and age. Research limitations: The study focuses only on FI and its impact on the economic well-being of Lithuanian students; the study uses oneyear data; data sets for different age groups were not the same size; and the data was not distributed in groups according to the normal distribution. Keywords: financial intelligence, financial intelligence quotient (FIQ), financial literacy, financial well-being, financial behaviour, personal finance
Julius Kruopis - the pioneer of applied statistics in Lithuania
No full textStraipsnyje apžvelgta Lietuvos taikomosios statistikos pradininko Juliaus Kruopio mokslinė ir pedagoginė veikla, parengti vadovėliai ir monografijos. Plačiausiai aprašytas jo indėlis į statistikos mokslą, bendradarbiavimas su Lietuvos įmonėmis taikant statistinius metodus įvairiose žmogaus veiklos srityse. Paminėti ir J. Kruopio darbai iš tikimybių teorijos srities. Aptarti jo pedagoginės veiklos ypatumai, vadovavimas studentų baigiamiesiems darbams ir disertacijoms. Raktiniai žodžiai: Julius Kruopis; matematinė statistika; statistikos taikymai; kokybės kontrolė; Puasono aproksimacija.Julius Kruopis was born on 21 February 1941 in Utena district. In 1963 he graduated from Vilnius University, Faculty of Physics and Mathematics. In 1964–1966, he worked as a trainee lecturer at the Department of Probability Theory and Number Theory of the Faculty of Mathematics of Vilnius University. In 1966–1969, he studied at the post-graduate course of the Steklov Institute of Mathematics of the USSR (his supervisor was the famous Russian mathematician Professor Login Bolshev) and defended the thesis of a candidate of mathematical sciences (the current equivalent of PhD thesis). After returning to Lithuania after postgraduate studies, J. Kruopis worked as a senior lecturer at the Department of Probability Theory and Number Theory of the Faculty of Mathematics of Vilnius University. In 1971, he was transferred to the newly established Department of Applied Mathematics (from 1972, he worked as an associate professor). In 1991, this department was renamed as the Department of Mathematical Statistics. Since 2013, J. Kruopis has been an affiliated professor of the Department of Mathematical Statistics. In 1980–1986, J. Kruopis headed the Department of Applied Mathematics. He established and fostered new traditions and aimed for the majority of students’ theses to have a clear applied nature. He led such works himself and encouraged other teachers to do the same. From the very first days of scientific work, the talent of J. Kruopis became evident through mathematical and statistical modeling of real processes. PhD thesis “Estimation of Markov processes parameters” by J. Kruopis, defended in 1969 in Moscow (supervised by prof. L. Bolshev), has a clear applied character. Statistical modeling of tick-borne encephalitis virus infection and immunity formation processes was performed. Methods of queueing theory and mathematical statistics were used for modeling and statistical estimation of model parameters. A detailed analysis of the obtained results was carried out using real data. In addition, the thesis presents the assessment of the transition probabilities of Markov processes with migration. The findings are used for demographic and reliability data analysis. After returning to Lithuania, J. Kruopis developed a very wide range of activities in the application of statistical methods in many companies and factories. He consulted engineers of Kaunas radio factory, Panevėžys factory of kinescopes “Ekranas” and joint stock company “AB Lietkabelis”, Vilnius drill, “Venta”, “Vilma”, radio components factories, Šiauliai TV factory, Dniepropetrovsk tire factory “Dnieproshina”, Moscow Aviation Institute, etc. Julius Kruopis grasped the essence of technological processes very quickly. A particularly long and fruitful cooperation was established with the Kaunas radio plant. Under the leadership of J. Kruopis, a number of factory managers and engineers defended PhD theses. His works on the application of statistical methods are especially valuable. These applications are mainly related to optimization of control systems, regulation and management of technological processes (acceptance control of materials and details, intermediate control of manufactured details and nodes, outgoing production control, metrological control of measuring devices, product reliability control, etc.). Although his work is predominated by works on statistical applications, there are also theoretical works on mathematical statistics. For example, the problem of making an optimal decision when choosing a distribution from several possible alternative distributions was examined. There are several works by J. Kruopis related to the application of statistical methods in reliability theory and survival analysis. Although J. Kruopis always considered himself primarily a statistician, he also achieved important results in probability theory. In 1986, J. Kruopis introduced shifted Poisson approximation, which, unlike the usual Poisson approximation has two parameters and, therefore, is comparable to normal approximation. Moreover, for integer-valued random variables, the accuracy of shifted Poisson approximation can be measured in total variation metric. In contrast, the accuracy of normal approximation to discrete random variables is measured in weaker uniform metric only. A large part of J. Kruopis research in Probability Theory is related to so-called Signed Compound Poisson approximations – a topic which was quite new in the early eighties. J. Kruopis introduced so-called left-hand-side and right-hand-side factorial cumulants and practically solved the problem of the choice of parameters for such approximations. J. Kruopis is the co-author of several monographs: “Quality of mechatronic products. Selective control”, “Nonparametric tests for complete data”, “Nonparametric tests for censored data”. While working at the university, J. Kruopis supervised a large number of undergraduate, bachelor, and master theses. Under his supervision Vanda Bikelienė (Asymptotic distribution of sums of samples from finite populations, 1981) and Natalja Kosareva (Asymptotic analysis of statistics distributions in the scheme of sets of particles arrangement with equal probabilities, 1986) defended their doctoral theses in mathematics. [...] Keywords: Julius Kruopis; mathematical statistics; statistical applications; quality control; Poisson approximation