“Lituanistika”, International Research Database
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Cardiogram of the park: quantitative analysis of walking scenarios of Trakų Vokė historic park
No full textIn this research, the concept of isovist [1,6] was employed to analyze spaces of the park as a container and catalyser of human activities and experiences in quantitative terms. The concept of the isovist defines the visual environment as a system of objects that structures the light as a source of stimuli for human perception. Trakų Vokė ensemble was selected as a case study object to test this quantitative approach towards historic park analysis. Methods of the research include a literature review on specific characteristics of Trakų Vokė ensemble, observation on site, analysis of available maps and satellite images, development of linear drawing of the park using AutoCAD, modelling using Isovist_App and ESRI ArcMap software, analysis, and discussion of results. The research has demonstrated that the results of the isovist and visual graph-based analysis reflect the observed spatial features of Trakų Vokė Park quite well and can be used for various purposes, including a more detailed description of valuable features of heritage objects, a detailed comparison between different parks, simulative reconstruction of the character of the historical park in the past based on historical data, maintenance and management of the park, parametric design of landscape spaces, etc. Keywords: Trakų Vokė, historic park, walking scenarios, quantitative analysis, isovist
Chronicles of Alessandro Guagnini and Motiejus Strijkovskis as sources for Simonas Daukantas
No full textThe article discusses the sources of the chronicles of Motiejus Strijkovskis (Polish: Maciej Stryjkowski, Latin: Matthias Stricovius, Matys Strycovius, Matys Strykowius, etc., 1547–c.1593) and Alessandro Guagnini (full name: Alessandro Guagnini dei Rizzoni; 1534 [1538]–1614), which were cited by Simonas Daukantas. Daukantas wrote four works of a historical nature and quoted Strijkovskis in all of them; as for Guagnini’s chronicle, he did not quote it in his first work Darbay senuju Lituwiu yr Zemaycziu (The Deeds of the Early Lithuanians and Samogitians, 1822; hereinafter Darbai) and in his last work Pasakojimas apej Wejkałus Lietuwiû tautos senowie (A Narrative about the Deeds in the Ancient Times of the Lithuanian Nation, ~1850–1854; hereinafter Pasakojimas). The question is raised whether the ambiguous evaluation of the authorship of Guagnini’s Sarmatiae Europeae descriptio (1574–1578; hereinafter SED) might have influenced Daukantas, which led him to rely more heavily on Strijkovskis’s work during certain periods of the writing of his historical works. In order to determine the extent to which Daukantas was aware of Strijkovskis’s accusation of plagiarism against the Italian chronicler, the dynamics of the (non) citation of the works by these two authors in Daukantas’s works and in the excerpts from books are discussed. Since Guagnini’s work (and its fragments) was more frequently reprinted in Europe, even though its authorship was raising doubts, researchers are facing difficulties as to the source of citations. The article discusses the editions of fragments of Guagnini’s SED and establishes that Daukantas translated Guagnini’s ‘Ducatus Samogitiae’, which he used in BUDĄ Senowęs-Lëtuwiû Kalnienû ĩr Ƶámajtiû (The Character of the Early Lithuanians, Samogitians, and Highlanders, 1845; hereinafter Būdas), from the first edition of the 1627 book RESPUBLICA, Siue Status Regni POLONIÆ, LITUANIÆ, PRUSSIÆ, LIVONIÆ etc. diuerſorum Autorum compiled by Johannes de Laet. As the first edition of Strijkovskis’s Kronika was difficult to obtain in the nineteenth century and almost impossible to use and read due to its poor condition, it is assumed that Daukantas did not have access to the first edition. The research shows that in his Darbai, Istorija žemaitiška, Būdas and in his notebook Išrašai iš knįgų apie etnografje ir istorje in quoro 28 (Excerpts from Books on History and Ethnography in quoro 28), Daukantas quoted Strijkovskis’s work from the 1766 edition, which differed from the first edition of 1582 in its structure and textual presentation. In his last work, Pasakojimas, Daukantas relied on the edition of Strijkovskis’s Kronika Polska, Litewska, Żmódzka i wszystkiéj Rusi (Chronicle of Poland, Lithuania, Samogitia, and the Whole of Rus) edited by Mikołaj Malinowski. In the introductory word, Malinowski referred to research by Józef Ignacy Kraszewski and Ignacy Daniłowicz and dealt extensively with the issue of plagiarism. In Pasakojimas, Daukantas no longer cited Guagnini’s chronicle, but presumably not because of the accusations against the Italian chronicler. Daukantas did not quote this work because it did not deal with the developments of the sixteenth century, and the chapter on the nature of the Lithuanians was too much abridged
Письмо как модель седиментации культуры и памяти: Феррарис, Деррида и Гуссерль
No full textDespite their creativity, cultural actions are not established out of nothing. They are based on previous actions, their passive or active memory, and extension. Sedimentation is the depositing of sediments that occurs during certain processes. They testify to the processes that have taken place and themselves become significant links or traces. Different layers of sediment are formed, which testify to past events, which have structures in the present. The best-known phenomenological concept of sedimentation was formulated in Husserl’s text The Origin of Geometry. Husserl uses the specific geological term of sedimentation to describe the science of geometry as a linguistically (written) mediated genesis of conceptual knowledge. The human practice of knowledge can be transmitted to other generations only by expressing it linguistically and recording it in writing. Derrida used the phenomenological concept of sedimentation and created Grammatology. Maurizio Ferraris applied these ideas of Derrida while developing the theory of documentality. The main idea of documentality is that a particular kind of social objects, namely documents (records of social acts) are the ground of social reality. For all three philosophers, writing or recording becomes a model for reflecting on cultural-social reality. The purpose of this article is to discuss the writing as a model for cultural sedimentation and memory. Husserl understood writing as a sedimentation that must be reactivated. However, Derrida and Ferraris identify the written objects only with materialized writing and the repetition of what is written. They do not distinguish between imitative and comprehensive reading. Keywords: mobile phone, writing, memory, sedimentation, phenomenology, Ferraris, Derrida, Husserl
Barriers of information and communication technologies (ICT): narratives of older users and their facilitators
No full textAs world populations are ageing, more attention is given to the social and digital inclusion of older people. The level of ICT non-use among older adults in Lithuania is significantly higher than in Western European countries. In 2023, 29% of the Lithuanian population aged 65–74 had never used the Internet, while in most Western countries, this share varied between 2 and 8%. Insufficient research efforts in Eastern and Central Europe prompted this study to explore the barriers to ICT use in Lithuania based on qualitative semi-structured interviews with older users (N=36) and their facilitators (N=9).The difficulties revealed by the study are divided into three groups. First, the participants found it difficult to adjust to the technologies as a unique system (to understand its specific principles of functioning, to deal with information on English and technical language). Second, their psychological relationship with the unknown and complex subject have caused some problems, as they faced a spectrum of fears, insecurity, the shame of not knowing, the experience of one’s limitations, lack of patience. Third, changes that informants relate to old age like diminishing motivation to engage with innovations, learning difficulties, and bodily changes (sensitivity of fingers, weakening sight and memory) constituted additional barriers for older ICT users. To overcome the barriers, access to mentoring and consulting would be beneficial. Keywords: older people, information and communication technologies (ICT), Internet, barriers
Anthropological aspects of the theology of marriage and the family in the light of the insights of Saint John II
No full textThe article analyses the anthropology of the theology of marriage and the family, presents the foundations of the Christian anthropology of gender, describes the concept of marital love, and introduces the foundations of the theology of indissolubility of marriage and the meaning and mission of marriage using philosophical and theological scientific literature, the writings of John Paul II, the Holy Scripture and the documents of the Magisterium of the Catholic Church. The following lines of further research are anticipated: the family as a small domestic church, the principles of the religious education of children in the family, and the family as a place of vocational disclosure. The conclusions of this theoretical study are presented. Keywords: Theology of Marriage and Family, Christian Anthropology of Gender, Marital Love, Meaning and Mission of Marriage
Importance of and opportunities for the development of leadership skills from the point of view of healthcare workers
No full textPripažįstant lyderystės svarbą, pasigesta tyrimų sveikatos priežiūros specialistų lyderystės gebėjimų ugdymo problematika. Tad šiame straipsnyje siekiama atsakyti į probleminį klausimą, kokie būtini sveikatos priežiūros specialistų lyderystės gebėjimai ir kokios yra galimybės juos ugdyti sveikatos priežiūros įstaigose? Siekiant tai pagrįsti, remtasi ne vien teorinėmis prieigomis, bet ir taikyta kiekybinio tyrimo strategija. Atliktas tyrimas patvirtino tyrimo strategijos pagrįstumą, kad lyderystės raiška neatsiejama nuo motyvavimo, buvimo pavyzdžiu, pagalbos ir bendradarbiavimo, gebėjimo sutelkti komandą, kuri veiktų viena kryptimi ir siektų užsibrėžtų tikslų. Tyrimas atskleidė, kad lyderystės gebėjimai ugdomi asmeniškai tobulėjant, formuojantis teigiamas nuostatas dėl pokyčių, praktiškai taikant atitinkamas kompetencijas, vykdant savarankišką veiklą ir užtikrinant tarpusavio sąveiką. Tyrimas svarbus tuo, kad gali padėti suvokti nagrinėjamo objekto tobulinimo veiksnius, daryti tikslingą intervenciją į vykdomus lyderystės gebėjimų ugdymo procesus juos tobulinant ir siekiant geresnių sveikatos priežiūros specialistų lyderystės gebėjimų ugdymo rezultatų. Pagrindiniai žodžiai: lyderystė, lyderystės gebėjimai, lyderystės gebėjimų ugdymas, sveikatos priežiūros specialistai.Although the importance of leadership is widely recognised, there is a lack of research into leadership relevant to different professional groups. The development of the leadership skills of healthcare workers has received little attention so far. However, studies would be significant in that they could help understand the factors for improvement, have a targeted impact on ongoing processes in the development of leadership skills, improve them, and achieve better results in the development of leadership skills among healthcare workers. Due to the practical relevance of the topic of the article, and insufficient research in the area, the research question has been formulated: what leadership skills are important for healthcare workers, and what are the possibilities for developing them in healthcare institutions? The object of the research is the development of the leadership skills of healthcare workers. The aim of the study is to reveal the importance of the leadership abilities of healthcare workers and educational opportunities in healthcare institutions. The research objectives are as follows: 1) to determine the importance of and possibilities for developing leadership skills in the context of an organisation; 2) to investigate the attitudes of healthcare workers towards the importance of and opportunities for developing their leadership skills in healthcare institutions. Research methods: 1) having analysed the theoretical aspects of the scientific hypothesis, a questionnaire survey was conducted; 2) it aimed to investigate the attitudes of healthcare workers towards the importance of their leadership skills and educational opportunities in healthcare institutions. Research participants. Employees of private and public healthcare institutions, who from February to June 2023 improved their qualifications at the Centre for Continuing Education of the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities at Klaipėda University, participated in the survey (N=145) Among them were professionals in nursing, public health, physical activity, physiotherapy, occupational therapy, rehabilitation, radiology, and acupuncture. Most of the respondents (53 %) were middle-aged adults. The data obtained show that as many as 68 % of the respondents have more than ten years of work experience in healthcare facilities. Research findings The conducted study confirms the insights of the theoretical analysis: the expression of leadership in the context of an institution providing health services is implemented by encouraging employees to create a better environment at the institution, a future that would be favourable to the community, and embodying its common values; by a change in approach to understanding and solving problems; by an inspiration for motivation to achieve common goals, more efficient and productive activities, and better results. The research has revealed that the expression of leadership is inseparable from motivation, setting an example, helping and cooperating, and the ability to mobilise a team to act in one direction and achieve set goals. The development of leadership skills is recognised by the respondents as an important part of a healthcare institution’s activities, which enables the full involvement of healthcare workers in the activities, which is encouraged and supported by their internal motivation, the pursuit of self-realisation and job satisfaction, and the harmony of personal and organisational needs. The research findings suggest that the importance of leadership skills is evident if the team wants to work in harmony to achieve the common goal of improving the healthcare institution’s activities, its climate and the general level of motivation to get involved in healthcare activities. The respondents associate the importance of developing leadership skills with the opportunity to train new leaders, to create a more sustainable, harmonious and efficient healthcare institution. The research has identified the most important leadership skills of healthcare workers, which in practice are manifested in their internal motivation, fellowship, teamwork, cooperation, trust, support, respect, strategic approach to the development of the organisation, taking initiatives, and problem solving. The success of developing these skills is determined by interpersonal relationships, the emotional environment, the commitment to the institution, self-development, the evaluation of results and self-evaluation, and the promotion of self-confidence. The research shows that the development of leadership skills is achieved through personal development, the formation of a positive attitude towards changes, the dissemination of leadership competence, independent activity, and mutual interaction. A favourable emotional environment, the creation of which develops confidence in oneself and others, empathy and initiative, and active involvement in joint activities, problem solving and self-evaluation, which develop cooperation, teamwork skills, self-criticism, tolerance, initiative and independence, were identified by the respondents as the main factors in developing leadership skills. The self-development of leadership skills, the development of personal qualities and abilities, learning from experience, and participation in decision-making, have no less significance. [...] Keywords: leadership, development of leadership skills, healthcare workers
Mesolithic findspot of Gailiūnai 2
No full text2022 m. mokslinio pažinimo tikslais vykdyti detalieji tyrimai Gailiūnų 2 akmens amžiaus radimvietėje, esančioje miške apie 600 m į ŠR nuo Gailiūnų kaimo (Vilniaus r., Mickūnų sen.). Radimvietė aptikta 2019 m. ieškant naujų akmens amžiaus objektų Veržuvos ir Puškarnios upelių aukštupiuose ir jų apylinkėse, vėliau pakartotinai žvalgyta 2021 m. (ATL 2019 metais, 2020, p. 20-27; ATL 2021 metais, 2022, p. 26-30). Radimvietės atradimą paskatino jos vietoje iškirstas ir suartas miškas, dėl to buvo galima vizualiai žvalgyti paviršių. Kadangi radimvietės teritorija yra santykinai toli nuo upių ar ežerų, ji nebūtų laikyta perspektyvia žvalgyti kasiniais ar šurfais. Dėl savo geografinės situacijos, atstumo iki vandens telkinių radimvietė pasirodė neįprasta, bet 2022 m. pastebėtas 180 m į PR nuo radimvietės iš aukštumos šlaitų trykštantis nemažas šaltinis galbūt paaiškintų jos situaciją. 2019 ir 2021 m. radvietėje aptikta tik titnago skaldos, dirbinių ir akmens radinių, pasklidusių gana nedideliame plote, todėl iškelta prielaida, kad tai yra palyginti trumpu laikotarpiu egzistavusios mezolito stovyklos liekanos. Nusprendus šią prielaidą patikrinti ir siekiant ištirti galbūt vienalaikės mezolito stovyklos vidinę struktūrą ir buvo surengti detalieji tyrimai 2022 m.In 2022, for the purposes of scientific research, 100 m2 were excavated in the Stone Age site of Galiūnai 2 (eastern Lithuania, Vilnius district). The upper portion of topsoil revealed an archaeological layer up to 15 cm thick and containing flint rubble and artefacts, stone artefacts and burnt animal bones, as well as clearly defined archaeological artefact clusters. The archaeological layer was formed at a depth of only 10-20 cm from the surface in fine- and medium-grain, dark- and light-greybrown sand, above a gravelly sand horizon. The excavations also revealed 13 features ofnatural origin, unrelated to past human activity. The archaeological layer yielded 463 finds: 446 flint fragments and artefacts, 7 finds (flakes) ofother types ofstone, and 10 fragments of burnt animal bones. One ofthe clusters contained a number ofmicroburins, 4 geometric microliths, and blades with signs of wear. Typological dating of the finds places the archaeological layer in the middle-late Mesolithic. AMS C14 dating placed this Mesolithic camp site in the range ofc. 6640-6440 cal BC, which suggests that the site was in use for a short time. The archaeological layer has survived almost entirely undisturbed to the present day, and traces of the internal structure of the camp were perfectly preserved
Unfortified settlement in Kalniškės
No full text2022 m. Kalniškės kaimo senųjų kapinių (UK 24420) teritorijoje (Klaipėdos r., Vėžaičių sen., Macuičių kaimas) buvo atlikti detalieji tyrimai. Jų metu ištirta viena „L“ formos, 12-16 x 2 m dydžio perkasa - iš viso 25 m2 dydžio plotas.In 2022, an unfortified settlement layer was discovered during the investigation of a work area prepared for the installation of a new electricity cable and electrical cabinet (25 m2), situated within the territory of the old cemetery of Kalniškės village (western Lithuania, Klaipėda district). The excavation yielded smooth, rusticated, and brushed hand-thrown pottery sherds. The layerwas dated to the 1st millennium BC-1st millennium AD based on these finds. Sterile soil was encountered at a depth of 0.6-1.1 m, revealing a total of 12 pits, 5 of which were burial pits. A total of 8 graves were found, one of which contained a 14th-17th-century annular brooch
The Attitude of teachers of different subjects to manifestation of non-formal musical activities in the gymnasium
No full textThe article analyses and scientifically evaluates the attitude of teachers teaching various school subjects towards the non-formal musical activity groups: the gymnasium choir, ensemble, etc. The main research questions are: What is the attitude of teachers at various school subjects towards the activities of musical groups in the gymnasium? What changes took place after the establishment of musical groups in the gymnasium? The qualitative research was conducted using the interview method. The attitude to musical groups in the gymnasium was reflected by 7 teachers teaching various subjects: three representatives of the administration and four teachers at different school subjects. The data analysis was performed using the qualitative content analysis method. The research results showed that non-formal musical activities carried out in the gymnasium not only marked the uniqueness of the school, shaped the image of the gymnasium but also united and enabled the participants of the educational process to collaborate and naturally work together for a common goal. Keywords: non-formal artistic/musical activity, music education, teachers’ attitude
Gluosnių St. 1 and 11
No full textKlaipėdoje, sklypuose Gluosnių g. 1 ir 11, atlikti žvalgomieji tyrimai, kurių metu numatytoje gyvenamaisiais namais užstatyti teritorijoje ištirtas bendras 68 m2 plotas.The excavation totalling 68 m2 at Gluosnių St. 1 and 11 in Klaipeda revealed, at those places untouched by later digging, a 0.1-1.1 m thick archaeological layer dated on the basis of finds to the late 16th - early 19th centuries