“Lituanistika”, International Research Database
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The Effect of video watching in the EFL classroom
No full textThis paper presents the research conducted in a Vilnius middle school related to the effect of watching educational animated videos on the English acquisition process. For this purpose, 98 fifth- and seventh-graders participated in the research by taking a pre-test before watching a video three times, and then taking a post-test to check their improvement in different foreign language proficiency areas, all related to the shown video. The results overwhelmingly demonstrate the effectiveness of watching this sort of video content in the language learning process during adolescence, provided that the content is interesting and useful. In addition, the same students filled out a questionnaire on their preferences and their opinion about the improvement of foreign language skills related to video watching. The results provide a valuable insight into the EFL acquisition in the era of digital education. Key words: video watching, cartoons, EFL classroom, second language acquisition
Exploring Lithuanian social workers' attitudes towards individuals with alcohol usage problems
No full textAim: Social workers are at the front line of helping individuals experiencing alcohol usage, due to their professional duties, ideology and values that underpin it. In Lithuania, where social work still continues to develop in both practice and education, it is crucial to supplement with relevant information to strengthen social work's response to issues with alcohol usage. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore social workers’ attitudes towards individuals with alcohol usage problems. Methods: In total, 149 Lithuanian social workers completed a web survey that gathered information about education, work experience and workplace, and filled in the Short Alcohol and Alcohol Problems Perception Questionnaire (SAAPPQ) to measure their attitude towards individuals with alcohol usage problems. Results: The social workers showed a positive attitude towards individuals with alcohol usage problems (mean 35.81 [SD 4.8]). Attitude domain analysis revealed Role Legitimacy (91.3% above the midpoint) to reflect the most positive attitudes and Work Satisfaction (24.2% above the midpoint) to reflect the least positive attitudes. Those with master's degrees scored higher on the total SAAPPQ (t = −2.44, p = 0.016) and its subscales Work Satisfaction (t = −2.52, p = 0.013) and Therapeutic Commitment (t = −2.21, p = 0.029). Having 6–13 years of work experience (mean SAAPPQ = 37.02 [SD 5.11]) was associated with a more positive attitude compared to those with less than 5 years of experience (mean SAAPPQ = 34.08 [SD 3.87]). Conclusion: Although social workers understand their professional responsibility to work with individuals with alcohol usage problems, their dedication to work, motivation and task-specific self-esteem are low. The results also support education, as those with master's degrees showed more positive attitudes. This study further encourages support for social workers just beginning their career, who might report lower attitudes towards individuals with alcohol usage problems. Keywords: alcohol, attitudes towards alcohol usage, SAAPPQ, social work, staff attitudes, substance use
Prof. Giedrius Subačius: "Kalba nėra kibiras - pripylei pilną ir jau daugiau netelpa"
No full textKalbos istorikas, sociolingvistas, Simono Daukanto veikalų tyrinėtojas profesorius Giedrius Subačius jau beveik 30 metų gyvena Jungtinėse Amerikos Valstijose, kuriose Čikagos Ilinojaus universitete užsienio studentus supažindina su Lietuvos istorija ir lietuvių kultūra. Jis gerai pažįstamas ir Lietuvos filologų bendruomenei, atpažįstamas ir iš jau trečią dešimtmetį skaičiuojančio žurnalo „Archivum Lithuanicum“. Lietuvos kolegos noriai užsuka į svečius Čikagoje. Dalijamės keliais Lituanistikos katedroje viešėjusios dr. Viktorijos Jonkutės pokalbio su profesoriumi fragmentais. Kalbėtasi apie dėstytojo darbą, studentus, profesijos pasirinkimą ir, žinoma, kalbą
Bishop Vincentas Borisevičius: the path of a new age martyr
No full textThe twentieth century brought many difficult trials to Europe. Lithuania was devastated by two world wars and long and difficult periods of occupation. The Catholic Church was persecuted by both the Nazis and the Soviets. The clergy suffered much. One of the first martyrs during the Soviet occupation was the Bishop of Telšiai, Vincentas Borisevičius. Although there are not many written sources and testimonies about him, we can get a good idea that he grew up in a moral and faithful environment and matured for the priesthood. Borisevičius was entrusted with the duties of the rector of the seminary, later became an assistant to the Bishop of Telšiai, and finally an Ordinary. Bishop Borisevičius demonstrated his heroic virtues during the Second World War by rescuing Jews, by remaining faithful to his flock, and by not cooperating with the occupying powerʼs security structures or betraying innocent people. This is what brought the moment of his arrest and suffering closest. Although murdered, the bishop remained an apostolic example for the Christians of the new times. Because of his virtues and martyrdom, the Church has opened the case for the beatification of Bishop Vincent Borisevičius. Keywords: bishop, Vincent Borisevičius, life, martyrdom
"The Cuisine is not an old, tired marriage. It is a passionate affair of the heart": translation of gastronomical references in the film "The Hundred-Foot Journey"
No full textThis article presents an analysis of the translation strategies used for culture-specific items related to gastronomy in the Lithuanian subtitles of the American comedy-drama film “The Hundred-Foot Journey” (2014), directed by Lasse Hallström. The film explores the convergence of diverse cultural perspectives through its culinary practices. Drawing on a theoretical framework that includes translation strategies by Jorge Díaz Cintas and Aline Remael (2021), this study identifies seven distinct translation strategies employed by the Lithuanian translator, including loan translation, literal translation, explication, substitution, calque, transposition, and omission, to render the distinguished 56 culture-specific items from the source language into the target language. The study offers a systematic approach to the analysis of how translators handle culture-specific items within audiovisual media, accounting for spatio-temporal subtitling limitations and parameters that may impact the decision-making process of the translator. Key words: audiovisual translation, subtitling, constraints, culture-specific items
The Magdeburg law and its effect on the development of the Jews’ legal status in the towns of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The fourteenth-to sixteenth-century experience
No full textThe most popular way of regulating the relationship between the Jewish and Christian communities in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was to grant separate rights to both communities. It was not, however, a rule. Especially in the cities of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania one can observe the creation of common legal rules for all the ethnic groups. Based on the Magdeburg law, an attempt was made in this way to simplify the legal procedures and support the cooperation of interested groups
Operational analysis of threats to the security of NATO’s eastern flank. Context of hybrid activities
No full textObjectives: The aim of the study is to assess the strategic and tactical environment in Central Europe and Eastern Europe, especially between the EU and Belarus, taking into account the results of political and operational analyses of the situation on the border between Poland, Lithuania and Latvia, and Belarus. Material and methods: The paper collects and thoroughly analyzes the most important sources on threats to the security of NATO’s eastern flank. The purpose of the research is an operational analysis comprehensively covering the main factors posing threats to the security of Poland. Results: In the result of the operational analysis of hybrid warfare, the following factors were identified: demographics, military and non-military issues, the existence of a well-formed democratic society, critical infrastructure, and cybersecurity. All the above factors were discussed in the context of hybrid activities undertaken by Belarus and Russia. Conclusions: It can be predicted that special elements conducting the aggressor’s hybrid activities will use exceptionally sophisticated forms of the aggressor’s influence, including blending in with the local community. The area of operation of non-military elements in the hybrid wars waged so far by Russia is likely to further expand and change forms in order to blindside the attacked state inducing fear, ineptitude and confusion of the society. Keywords: operational analysis, state management, security, NATO, hybrid operations
Does financial development, globalisation and institutional quality drive the income convergence in the Central and Eastern European Union countries?
No full textCentral and Eastern European (CEE) countries are struggling with internal and external macroeconomic and social factors in their catching-up strategies to be closer, as economic wealth, to the Western developed European countries. In these ex-communist countries, institutional factors could be seen as critical for success in narrowing the income gap. The paper proposes an analysis of the impact of economic and financial development and globalization on the income gap in 11 Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries (Bulgaria, Croatia, Czechia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovak Republic and Slovenia) for the period of 1996 to 2019, taking into consideration institutional factors. The study analyses the variables: transition coefficient as a proxy for income gap, GDP per capita, KOF Financial Globalisation Index, Financial Development Index and World Bank Institutional Indicators in a panel approach methodology and estimation of FMOLS and DOLS equations. The paper's findings show that all considered factors have a significant contribution to the income gap in the examined period of time. Economic and financial development, as well as institutional quality, is positively associated with the closing income gap, while globalization has a negative influence. It is also revealed the direction of the causality relationship between the considered variables: from economic and financial development, globalization and institutional quality to the income gap. These findings suggest some policy recommendations in support of the continuation of the European integration process. Keywords: economic integration; economic development; financial development; globalization; financial development; institutional quality; panel data
Moscow, Lithuania, the Horde and the last testaments of Vasily I
No full textAbstract: Research objectives: To ascertain why Grand Prince Vasily I of Vladimir and Moscow had to make his will twice in the last years of his reign and ask his father-inlaw, Grand Duke Vytautas of Lithuania, to confirm it, and what the role played by the Golden Horde in these events was. Research materials: Testaments of Vasily I and other Rurikids of Moscow, Russian chronicles, letters of Vytautas and dignitaries of the Teutonic Order. Results and novelty of the research: According to the research, the reason for Vasily I drawing up the third testament between 1423 and 1425, shortly after his second testament approved by the guarantor, Grand Duke Vytautas of Lithuania, was the granting of a yarliq by Khan Ulugh Muhammad to Prince Daniil Borisovich that meant the restoration of the Principality of Nizhny Novgorod independent of Moscow. The paper provides arguments that by doing so, Ulugh Muhammad was acting independently. Although he was Vytautas’ ally, his action was contrary to the intentions of the Grand Duke of Lithuania who was interested in seeing his underage grandson Vasily Vasil’evich’s succession to the throne because Vasily I’s brother Yury Dmitrievich, an ally of Vytautas’ rival Švitrigaila, could aspire to it. Despite the struggle for power in the Horde in the early 1420s, Ulugh Muhammad seems to have had enough power to help Daniil Borisovich realize his claim to Nizhny Novgorod. Since Vytautas was not able to provide Vasily Vasil’evich with Nizhny Novgorod as a part of Vasily I’s possessions, which showed the limits of his possibilities regarding the Horde, the third testament was made in a different way than the second one: at the beginning it was signed by Metropolitan Photios, then sealed by Vasily I and his three brothers, and at the very end by Vytautas. Keywords: Vasily I, Vytautas, Ulugh Muhammad, Principality of Nizhny Novgorod, Teutonic Order, princely testament, Moscow-Lithuanian relation
