“Lituanistika”, International Research Database
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Dialogue of the Constitutional Court with the ordinary courts: the developments in thirty years
No full textStraipsnyje aptariama Lietuvos Respublikos Konstitucinio Teismo ir ordinarinių teismų sąveika per trisdešimt metų. Konkrečių bylų pagrindu aptariamos trys probleminės šios sąveikos grupės. Visų pirma, tai ordinariniams teismams nustatytos teisės ir pareigos kreiptis į Lietuvos Respublikos Konstitucinį Teismą įgyvendinimas. Taip pat su individualaus konstitucinio skundo atsiradimu siejama galimybė Lietuvos Respublikos Konstituciniam Teismui sustabdyti ordinarinio teismo sprendimo vykdymą. Galiausiai aptariama ordinarinio teismo proceso atnaujinimo po Lietuvos Respublikos Konstitucinio Teismo nutarimo, priimto pagal individualų konstitucinį skundą ir pripažįstančio tam tikrą aktą (jo dalį) prieštaraujančiu Konstitucijai, problematika. Svarstoma, kuriais atvejais teismų sąveiką galima įvardyti teismų dialogu. Pagrindiniai žodžiai: Lietuvos Respublikos Konstitucinis Teismas, ordinariniai teismai, teismai, teismų dialogas, individualus konstitucinis skundasWe discuss the interaction between the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Lithuania and the ordinary courts over three decades. First, we analyse the implementation of the right and obligation of ordinary courts to apply to the Constitutional Court. Also, we consider the possibility for the Constitutional Court to suspend the execution of the ordinary court decision which is associated with the emergence of an individual constitutional complaint. Finally, we overview the reopening of the ordinary court proceedings after the ruling of the Constitutional Court. We discuss in which cases the interaction of the courts can be identified as the judicial dialogue. Keywords: Constitutional Court, judicial dialogue, courts, individual constitutional complaint
Insights into the constitutional status of the judicial council in the context of the issues of judicial funding and dismissal of judges
No full textJei yra „konstitucinė dimensija baudžiamojoje teisėje“ (Abramavičius, Jarašiūnas, 2004), tai analogiška dimensija Lietuvos teismų ir teisėjų savivaldoje ir savireguliacijoje pirmiausia turėtų būti siejama su 1992 m. Konstitucijoje nurodyta specialia įstatymo numatyta teisėjų institucija, t. y. Teismų įstatyme 2007–2023 m. sukonkretintos Teisėjų tarybos veiklos pagrindais ir jų konstitucinių aspektų doktrina. Be to, jei yra „modernybės filosofinis diskursas“ (Habermas, 2002), tai gali ir turėtų plėtotis tarpdisciplininis (finansinis teisinis ir politinis) diskursas dėl Teisėjų tarybos statuso modernybės stiprinimo, ypač biudžetinių asignavimų teismams planavimo ir koordinavimo būdų plėtimo aspektu. Teisėjų taryba įgijo išskirtinį konstitucinį statusą, kuriuo įsispraudė ar buvo įsprausta į ekstraordinarinę nešakinę konstitucinės teisės sistemą (Kūris, 2003) ir tarsi pasitraukė iš ordinarinės šakinės administracinės teisės sistemos bei joje įstatymais sukuriamų savivaldos formų notarų ar antstolių rūmų lygmeniu (Vitkutė, 2020), ne tiek dėl jai specialiai skirtų 1992 m. Konstitucijos pažodinių (eksplicitinių) nuostatų gausumo ar jų turinio išsamumo, kiek dėl jos teisinę padėtį sukonkretinusio Teismų įstatymo atitikties Konstitucijai išskirtinio išnagrinėjimo Konstituciniame Teisme 2006 m. gegužės pradžioje. Pagrindiniai žodžiai: Teisėjų taryba, teismų finansavimas, teisėjų atlyginimai, teismų savivalda, teismų nepriklausomumas, teisėjų paskyrimas, teisėjų atleidimas, apkalta teisėjui, Konstitucinis Teismas, valstybės biudžetas.The constitutional consolidation and formal doctrinal development of the framework for the status of the Judicial Council in Lithuania is a reflection of the phenomena of the constitutional legal technique and the doctrinal activism of the Constitutional Court. No other institution referred to in the 1992 Constitution of Lithuania is so constitutionally abstract and so detailed in the doctrine of the Constitutional Court as the Judicial Council. The detail of the official concept of its composition, i.e. constitutionally justifiable (possible) and non-justifiable (impossible) members, which rejects the concept of a broader (politically inclusive) composition of the analogous institution referred to in Poland’s Constitution of 1997, can be viewed in a controversial way. This is important in relation to the aspects of a much more efficient coordination and consideration of the financing of the judiciary for the next year than is currently the case, as envisaged in the draft State budget law prepared by the Ministry of Finance and submitted by the Government to the Parliament (the Seimas). Such a draft, with the participation of the democratically empowered judges who guarantee the self-governance of the judiciary, could and should be more effectively coordinated and debated, and not in the Ministry of Finance or in the Government, but rather in the new Judicial Funding Council (or a differently named additional institution for the financial self-regulation of the judiciary) whose members would include not only judges, but also the relevant State politicians and civil servants (in particular, the Minister of Finance along with the Vice-Minister, and the chairpersons of at least two relevant committees of the Seimas), who, unfortunately, are constitutionally not allowed to be members of the Judicial Council under the Constitutional Court’s controversial strict (hard) jurisprudence in any situation
Assessment of customer service quality of the gas station network in Lithuania
No full textThe gas station business enterprises are constantly trying to find ways to influence customers through a variety of services and improve the level of these services, which will ultimately lead to customer satisfaction. Assessing the quality of customer service becomes a prerequisite for this gas station business. This research paper is a theoretical and practical review of SERVQUAL and the Retail Service Quality Scale (RSQS) as a tool for measuring service quality in the gas station sector. The aim of the research is to determine and evaluate the quality of customer service in a network of Lithuanian gas stations. The theoretical part of the article analyses the quality of customer service, its evaluation models and factors, as well as means of assurance in the field of retail trade – in the network of petrol stations. The methodological part presents and describes the access, procedure, instruments and methods of data processing and presentation of the conducted research. The research was conducted using a quantitative research instrument – a questionnaire. The questionnaire was developed using SERVQUAL and RSQS methods The empirical part of the article presents the analysis of the research data on the quality of customer service in the gas station network. The article closes with conclusions and recommendations for improving the quality of customer service in the gas station network. Key findings: all five dimensions of customer service were significant and positively rated by customers. However, in each dimension there are minor problems with the quality of the service: the equipment and cleanliness of the toilets; the modernity of the technologies used to pay for the services; the personal attention paid to the customer by the staff and the information provided on current promotions and discounts available during the service; the greater feeling of security and timely provision of services; the listening to the customer's comments; the confidence in the policy on the protection of personal data. Keywords: service quality, quality improvement, gas station network
Applicability of bankruptcy probability assessment models to financial sector companies
No full textIš anksto numatyti bankroto tikimybę yra svarbu kiekvienai įmonei. Vis dėlto vienas svarbiausių ekonomikos sektorių yra finansų sektorius. Finansų sektoriaus įmonės bankrotas paliečia tiek privačius asmenis, tiek verslo įmones, organizacijas ir lemia neigiamas pasekmes visai ekonomikai. Todėl labai svarbu iš anksto numatyti finansinio sektoriaus įmonių bankroto tikimybę ir priimti valdymo sprendimus siekiant išvengti bankroto rizikos. Yra daug metodikų, kaip analizuoti ir numatyti įmonės bankrotą, jos skiriasi turiniu, vertinamų rodiklių skaičiumi ir tikslumu, todėl svarbu identifikuoti, koks modelis yra tinkamiausias konkretaus sektoriaus įmonių bankroto rizikai vertinti. Atsižvelgiant į tai, kad finansų sektorius atlieka lemiamą vaidmenį ekonominio vystymosi procese ir jų bankroto pasekmės labai skaudžios, keliamas tikslas identifikuoti modelį, jautriausiai prognozuojantį bankroto riziką šiame sektoriuje. Įgyvendinant šį tikslą, straipsnyje yra atskleidžiama bankroto samprata, pateikiamos vidinės ir išorinės bankroto priežastys, susisteminti finansų sektoriaus įmonių bankroto rizikos tyrimų rezutatai. Taip pat pateikiami ir palyginami bankroto tikimybės vertinimo modeliai, aptariamas jų pritaikomumas finansų sektoriui. Literatūros analizė atskleidė, kad finansų sektoriaus įmonių bankroto rizikai vertinti dažniausiai taikomi modeliai yra Altman’o Z indeksas, Ohlson’o O indeksas, Zmijewski X indeksas. Pritaikius šiuos modelius trijų bankų (SEB banko, UAB Medicinos banko bei General Financing banko) atveju, naudojant 2021 m. finansines ataskaitas, nustatyta, kad jautriausiai bankroto tikimybę prognozuoja Altman’o Z modelis. Reikšminiai žodžiai: bankrotas, bankroto tikimybė, bankroto tikimybės vertinimo modeliai, finansinis sektorius
Value of critical thinking in the labour market: variations in employers' and employees' views
No full textThe fragmentation and narrowness of research on critical thinking in the labour market and the lack of critical thinking analysis in the context of the interplay between lifelong learning, education and the labour market presuppose the relevance of this article. The article analyses the views of employers and employees, highlighting their attitude toward the importance and manifestation of critical thinking in the labour market and the need for improving critical thinking competency. The article aims to answer the following problematic questions: (1) How important are critical thinking skills and dispositions in the labour market? (2) How do employers’ and employees’ opinions vary regarding critical thinking in professional activities? (3) What need is there to improve critical thinking skills and dispositions? Quantitative research methodology was chosen for data collection using a questionnaire. It was found that both employers and employees consider inference and argumentation to be the most important critical thinking skills in the modern labour market; however, their attitude toward self-regulation, which is highly regarded by employees, but not by employers, is fundamentally different. Both employers and employees understand the importance of dispositions and value them similarly. Both groups have the least regard for having scepticism. The assessment of critical thinking skills and dispositions in specific professional activities differs from the assessment in the labour market in general. In professional activities, substantiated decisions, flexibility and unbiased decisions are especially valued by both groups, and the skills listed as being in most need of improvement are the same ones that were given as being important. The attitudes of both groups were distinguished by assigning value to dispositions that need improvement. Employees are more likely than employers to work on dispositions that denote operational autonomy. The study also revealed correlations between various groups of critical thinking skills and dispositions, demonstrating both employers’ and employees’ deliberate choice in assessing one or other constituent of critical thinking competence and the perception of their interrelationships. Keywords: critical thinking; labour market; employee; employer
Dynamic return spillovers between supranational and regional green bond markets
No full textSocial enterprises are created and are developingusing market possibilities in Lithuania. The paper seeks to disclose the situation in Lithuania from the legal, economic,technological, environmental and the sociocultural positions, and hence provide the perspectives for potential social entrepreneurs to create or start such kind of business. Despite the enforcement from the government and EU policy focusingrecent years onsocial enterprises, numerousproblems in Lithuania such legal ambiguity, lack of knowledgeand appropriate skills of human resources, lack of financial and cooperation support for social enterprisesexist. The product and added value created by social enterprises remain difficult to understand and measurefor people starting their own business. Management of social enterprises’activity stayscomplicated of lack of appropriate competencesand skills. The paper seeks to disclose Lithuanian circumstances with respect to the legal, economic,technological, natural,and sociocultural positions, which provide the attitude of potential social entrepreneurs to create new ideas/ andstart such kind of businesses and disclose main barriers for the development of social enterprises in Lithuania in terms of existing situation. Research methods include the scientific literature in depth analysis, statistical data analysis, situational analysis.The results of the paper present the situational factorsof creating and developing social enterprises in Lithuania, especially emphasising the rural areas and their environment. The period of research was conducted from 2018focusing mainly on three years period forward.Research methods include scientific literature in depth analysis, statistical data analysis, situational analysis. Keywords: social entrepreneurship, social enterprises, environment of social entrepreneurship
Salakas barrow cemetery
No full text2022 m. planuoto rekonstruoti valstybinės reikšmės rajoninio kelio 4918 Daugailiai-Šlepečiai-Salakas vietoje, Salako pilkapyno (UK 5711) teritorijoje (Zarasų r., Salako sen., Nariūnų k.), atlikti žvalgomieji tyrimai, kurių metu tirtos 5 perkasos (104 m2 bendro ploto) ir atlikta išvalyto kelio griovio atodangų fiksacija - 22 ilginiai metrai (apie 40 m2 ploto). Žvalgomųjų tyrimų metu archeologinių radinių nerasta.In 2022, an exploratory excavation was carried out at Salakas barrow cemetery (eastern Lithuania, Zarasai district), which dates from the second half of the 1st millennium to the start of the 2nd millennium. The excavation comprised five trenches (104 m2 in total) and a section drawing across the freshly cleared road ditch, which measured 22 m in length (a total section area ofaround 40 m2 of). Under the mixed forest soil layer, Trenches 2-4 contained traces of mound and ditch structures (Barrows 8, 14, 15, 19). Patchy remnants of the base (?) and ditch of Barrow 33, which was previously unknown, were identified under the mixed forestsoil layer in Trench 5. Furthermore, a cross-section of the ditch of Barrow 9 was recorded in the previously excavated road ditch. The excavation yielded no finds
Russia's war against Ukraine: a Lithuanian perspective
No full textIn this essay, we present the Lithuanian perspective on Russia’s war against Ukraine. We discuss the facts on the ground, the attribution of responsibility, and touch upon the potential ways forward. In Lithuania’s view, it is clear that Russia is responsible for the war and all of the associated outcomes, including first and foremost the loss of life and other forms of suffering in Ukraine, the destruction of Ukraine’s economy and civil infrastructure, but also the wider repercussions for the world regarding higher prices, increased instability, and heightened political/military tensions. We refute the argument that the enlargement of NATO/EU in any way provoked or posed a threat to Russia and instead argue that this process created conditions for economic growth and stability in the admitted countries. Finally, on both moral and practical grounds, we suggest that the best course of action for creating long-lasting conditions for peace and stability is to support Ukraine in its struggle against the illegal and unprovoked invasion. Keywords: Russia-Ukraine war; responsibility; credibility; NATO enlargement
Using rational emotive behavior therapy to improve psychological adaptation among future coaches in the post-pandemic era
No full textThis study aims to demonstrate that applying rational emotional behavior theory (REBT) concepts can help to improve the psychological adaptation of future coaches in the post-pandemic era. The current research utilizes a qualitative approach with a sample of 14 future coaches, namely, students of the study program “Training systems” at Lithuanian Sports University. These students are also active athletes (basketball players). Interview questions were developed based on the ABC(DE) model, and answers were analyzed following the methodology of content analysis. In general, our findings fit the ABC(DE) framework. However, there are several important exceptions. During discussions, participants presented their basic beliefs in the form of statements rather than demands. The ABC(DE) framework predicts the latter. Furthermore, participants’ automatic thoughts are not logical derivatives of their basic beliefs, contrary to the REBT theory. However, it is possible to interpret basic beliefs as an explanation for automatic thoughts, meaning that this interpretation seemingly does not contradict the theoretical principles of REBT. As such, REBT appears to be helpful for better understanding the psychological adaptation problems that arose during the pandemic and are relevant in the post-pandemic era. Keywords: rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT); ABC(DE) framework; cognitive emotion regulation; university students; post-pandemic er
Turgaus Sq. 1, 2T, and 4
No full text2022 m. rudenį klojamų dujotiekio ir elektros tinklų vietose atlikti žvalgomieji tyrimai ir žvalgymai. Inžineriniai tinklai kloti teritorijoje, kuri apsupta dabartinių Galinio Pylimo, Kūlių Vartų, Šaltkalvių gatvių ir Turgaus aikštės. Daugmaž tarp Tiltų gatve (anksčiau - Akmenų pylimo gatvė) ir Taikos prospektu esančia ovalo formos važiuojamosios dalies juostas skiriančia veja apsodintoje salelėje yra buvę Klaipėdos miesto Akmenų (Kūlių) vartai, kurie buvo įrengti pylime, jungusiame Kurmarko (UK 23544) ir Prūsijos (UK 844) bastionus.The field evaluation (6 test pits totalling 12 m2 and a survey of electric and gas main trenches totalling 101 m2, a joint total of 113 m2) at Turgaus Sq. 4, 1, and 2T revealed, in the test pits excavated along the electric main route near the city’s bastions, just fill layers of clay loam without any finds. Only from a depth of 0.9-1.2 m in Test Pit 3 were archaeological layers containing 16th-18th-century finds discovered and, at the site of the gas main trench, the remains of masonry walls from former 19th-20th-century buildings