“Lituanistika”, International Research Database
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Employee turnover: causes and retention strategies
No full textThe research aims to determine the factors determining employee turnover and foresee possible management techniques for employee turnover management in the organization. The following research methods were applied: analytical, descriptive, quantitative and statistical. After using a quantitative research strategy and based on the respondents' (n=294) assessment results, the possible extent of employee turnover in the organization and the respondents' attitude toward work in the organization were identified, as well as the causes impacting employee turnover were specified based on which possible techniques for decreasing the employee turnover in the organization were determined. After analyzing the employee attitude toward work in the organization, the research data showed that even though a large number of respondents felt successful in their work and assessed the work in the organization as interesting and attractive, more than two-thirds (64.7%) of the research participants admitted that employee turnover in the organization is high. Even 51.7% of respondents were very often or often thinking about changing their jobs in the last half year. The research found that failure in job expectations, the lack of motivation and the professional skills required were the main personal factors impacting employees' willingness to change jobs. On the other hand, uncompetitive salaries and limited opportunities for career and professional development, as well as underestimation of work results and efforts, ignoring the individual needs of employees, restricted possibilities to show initiative and participate in decision-making processes and lack of room for self-expression and realization of one's personality are considered the most critical external reasons determining employee turnover in the organization. Based on the research results, it could be stated that employee turnover management requires complex decision-making at the organizational level, which covers the creation of a favourable psychological microclimate, the employee recognition and evaluation for their efforts, the creation of a flexible approach to the singularities of work organization, ensuring the relationship between colleagues and the manager and fostering its feedback. Moreover, in employee turnover management, it should be appropriate to ensure personal and professional development, improve the motivation system, and provide opportunities for choosing a flexible workload and schedule. Keywords: employee turnover; causes of employee turnover; measures and methods for employee turnover reduction; desire to change the job; employees; motivation
Expression of environmental values attitudes in the drawings of second grade students
No full textAntraklasių darbuose susiliejo ir jų patirtys, ir kelionių, atostogų įspūdžiai. Kai kurie iš jų visa tai bandė sieti su žiniomis. Kiekvienas mokinys ir jo darbas individualus, nes juos supa skirtinga namų aplinka, šeimos nariai, turintys skirtingus pomėgius, tradicijas. Be to, laiko trukmė tėvų praleidžiama su savo vaikais skirtinga. Tėvai – ugdytojai. Ir labai svarbu, kokiu turiniu yra užpildomos tų susitikimų valandos. Keliuose darbuose pasimatė vaiko santykis su socialine ir kultūrine aplinka. Tačiau didesnėje darbų dalyje ryškesnis buvo vaiko santykis su gamtine aplinka. Ir nors dažniausiai mokiniai sakė, jog gamtoje tiesiog gera būti, čia jie nusiramina, visais pojūčiais patiria gamtą šalia savęs (girdi, mato, liečia), čia jiems patinka, nes yra gražu ir pan. Visa tai yra įrodymai, jog atsiranda emocinis, estetinis ryšys su gamta, vesiantis link pagarbos gamtai, gyvybei. Antros klasės mokinių vidinis pasaulis yra turtingas. Gebėti jį atverti reikia laiko ir pastangų, tačiau rezultatai yra to verti. Šie tyrimo atradimai gali būti pradinis taškas tolimesnėms ugdomosioms veikloms, pedagoginiams tyrimams. Galima atlikti ilgalaikius stebėjimus, fiksuojant, kaip mokiniai ugdosi savo aplinkosaugines nuostatas per tam tikrą laiko tarpą. Svarbiausia mokėti užduoti tinkamus klausimus, užfiksuoti atsakymus ir dalyvavimo emocijas.This article stresses the importance of trying to uncover and understand students' value attitudes. Since we cannot see the values themselves, observing students' behaviour, asking the right questions and encouraging them to share their thoughts can give us insight into their attitudes. This knowledge could be used to personalise the content of learning and to choose which teaching methods to use. By creating learning situations with direct experience, we allow connections to be made between knowledge and concrete experiences. Equally important is the experience that learners already have. This paper describes a methodology that was used to identify students' expression of environmental values through their favourite places. A 3-step activity was carried out with 22 second grade learners. The results of the activity show that the majority of the students chose their favourite places in nature, some of them specific locations, others nature in a non-literal sense. Keywords: educational activities, environmental attitudes, teaching methods, value attitudes
Asmenų, smurtaujančių artimoje aplinkoje, įgalinimas: intervencinės programos aspektas
No full textStraipsnyje analizuojamas artimoje aplinkoje smurtaujančių asmenų įgalinimas įgyvendinant intervencinę programą. Pristatomas smurto artimoje aplinkoje fenomenas teisinės kompleksinės pagalbos šeimai, patyrusiai smurtą, kontekste, smurtautojo elgesio keitimo programų taikymo teorinės ir praktinės prieigos. Šiuo metu Lietuvoje tokios pagalbos teikimą reglamentuojantys teisės aktai daugiausia nukreipti į pagalbos smurtą patyrusiems asmenims užtikrinimą, tačiau paslaugų teikimo smurtinio elgesio asmeniui sistema neįsitvirtinusi. Lietuvoje aprobuota smurtinio elgesio šeimoje keitimo „Intervencinė programa smurtautojams šeimoje“. Ji tikslingai struktūruota: ugdomi smurtinio elgesio artimoje aplinkoje atpažinimo įgūdžiai teikiant informaciją apie smurto formas, atliekama smurtinių situacijų analizė, modeliuojamas elgesys šeimoje nenaudojant smurto. Parengti šią programą vykdysiantys specialistai teigia, kad svarbiausi šios programos efektyvumo elementai yra darbas grupėje, ilgalaikis dalyvavimas programoje, programos vadovų motyvacija ir gebėjimas įgalinti asmenį keisti savo elgesį. Išplėtus šios programos taikymą institucijose, kurios teikia kompleksinės pagalbos šeimai paslaugas, galima prognozuoti smurto artimoje aplinkoje prevencijos efektyvumą. Pagrindiniai žodžiai: smurtas šeimoje, smurtas artimoje aplinkoje, įgalinimas, intervencinė programa smurtaujantiesiems šeimoje.The authors analyse the empowerment of domestic violence abusers from the perspective of an intervention programme. They present the phenomenon of domestic violence in the context of complex legal assistance to a family experiencing violence, and theoretical and practical approaches to the application of behaviour-changing programmes. At the moment, the legal acts regulating the provision of such assistance in Lithuania are mainly aimed at ensuring assistance to people who have experienced violence, but the system of providing services to people subjected to violent behaviour is not established. In Lithuania, the Intervention Programme for Domestic Abusers has been approved for changing violent behaviour in the family. The programme is purposefully structured: it improves the skills of recognition of violent behaviour in the family environment by providing information on forms of violence and an analysis of violent situations, and modelling non-violent behaviour in the family. The experts who prepared the programme noted that the most important elements for its effectiveness are group work, long-term participation in the programme, the motivation of the programme leaders, and the ability to empower the individual to change his or her behaviour. The extension of the programme to institutions providing comprehensive family support services can be predictive of the effectiveness of domestic violence prevention. Keywords: domestic violence, domestic violence, empowerment, intervention programme for domestic violence perpetrators
What makes academia (un)safe: experiences, observations, and consequences of gender-based violence in different stages of individual researchers' careers
No full textThis chapter presents an analysis of qualitative research data collected through 54 individual interviews with researchers about their experiences, observations and consequences of gender-based violence in universities. The interview data were collected as part of the H2020 UniSAFE research project Gender-Based Violence and Institutional Response: Building a Knowledge Base and Operational Tools to Make Universities and Research Organisations Safe. In this chapter, gender and intersectional theory as well as feminist violence studies are applied to examine individual stories, incidents or events that may be regarded not as violence according to legal definitions but as patterned practices of power, domination and inequality in academia. The collected empirical data show that victims often suffer nuanced verbal and non-verbal behaviours that can expand the conventional understanding of sexual harassment as well as psychological, sexual, physical and economic violence. Intersecting inequalities in terms of gender, race, ethnicity and/or migrant status significantly increase the risks of experiencing gender-based violence due to a heightened dependency on supervisors or managers and sexist or racist attitudes and prejudices that exist within universities. Many interviewees reported negative effects on their physical and mental health as well as their personal and professional lives, which impacted their decision to change employment, switch research fields or leave academia
Kierkegaard on dispassionate rationality and the existential dialectics
No full textŠio tyrimo tikslas – išanalizuoti Kierkegaardo subjektyviąją egzistencinę dialektiką kaip opoziciją objektyviajai Hegelio dialektikai. Pasirinktos aistros ir proto kategorijos kaip veiksmingi instrumentai, padedantys suprasti subjektyvios egzistencinės dialektikos unikalumą, atsiskleidžiantį per ambivalentišką protingų aistrų ir aistringo proto santykį. Egzistencinių gyvenimo pakopų kontekste bus siekiama pademonstruoti, kaip protingų aistrų (atspindinčių bundančią dvasią) ir aistringo proto (valingai kryptingo – pakylėjančio individą į dvasines aukštumas – arba destruktyvaus – nubloškiančio jį į radikalų negatyvumą) dialektikos analizė padeda giliau suprasti estetizmo tragiškumą, grynosios ironijos radikalumą, humoro, kaip ribinės būsenos, balansuojančios tarp etinės ir religinės egzistencijos, paradoksalumą, išgryninti tikėjimo, kaip aukščiausios proto aistros, sąvoką. Tikėjimo aistra labiausiai neatitinka tradicinių racionalumo kriterijų, tačiau gal ji yra egzistencinės išminties, o ne episteminio iracionalumo išraiška? Tuomet tikėjimo drąsa yra aistringai mylinčio proto pasirinkta didžiausia rizika sueiti į santykį su Absoliutu. Straipsnyje siekiama pagrįsti hipotezę, kad protingų aistrų ir aistringo proto dialektika individo egzistencijoje leidžia geriau suprasti Kierkegaardo egzistencinės dialektikos esmę. Raktažodžiai: Kierkegaardas, egzistencija, dialektika, racionalumas, aistra.The subject of this study is Kierkegaard’s subjective existential dialectic and its opposition to the Hegelian dialectic. Passion and reason are chosen as categories that are effective tools for understanding the uniqueness of the subjective existential dialectic, which is revealed through the ambivalent relationship between rational passions and passionate reason. In the context of the existential stages of life, the aim is to show how the analysis of the dialectic of rational passions (reflecting the awakening spirit) and passionate reason (elevating the individual to spiritual heights) helps to deepen the understanding of tragic aestheticism, the radicalism of pure irony, the paradox of humour as a link between ethical and religious existence, and to clarify the concept of faith as the highest passion of reason. The passion of faith is the one that most contradicts the traditional criteria of rationality, but could it be an expression of existential wisdom rather than epistemic irrationality? The courage of faith, then, is the greatest risk chosen by a passionate reason to enter into relationship with the Absolute, and therefore the Abraham of Kierkegaard’s Fear and Trembling – the knight of passionate faith – cannot be surpassed. The aim of this article is to substantiate the hypothesis that the dialectic of rational passions and passionate reason in the existence of the individual leads to a better understanding of Kierkegaard’s existential dialectic. Kerywords: Kierkegaard, existence, dialectic, rationality, passion
Ceramics is the driving force behind the life of artist Nomeda Jakūnienė
No full textDailininkė Nomeda Jakūnienė yra žinoma kaip originalaus braižo keramikė, aktyviai dalyvaujanti parodose, rengiamose tiek Lietuvoje, tiek ir užsienyje. Menininkė kuria skirtingų žanrų keramiką, bet labiausiai mėgsta lipdyti indus, dekoratyvines plokštes, kamerines skulptūrėles bei jų ciklus. Kūrybinių inspiracijų keramikė ieško Rytų, taip pat lietuvių liaudies mene, iš jų perima ir savitai interpretuoja dirbinių formas, dekorus, ornamentus. N. Jakūnienės darbuose, persmelktuose poetikos ir asociatyvumo, skleidžiasi originalus asmeninis požiūris, atpažįstami saviti plastiniai sprendimai. Intriguojantiems kūrinių pavidalams padeda rastis ypatingas medžiagiškumo ir technikų išmanymas, išryškinantis autorės darbų estetiką bei prasmę. Rakta žodžiai: Nomeda Jakūnienė, keramika, porcelianas, redukcija, anagama, technikosThe artist Nomeda Jakūnienė is known as a ceramic artist of original design who actively participates in exhibitions in Lithuania and abroad. The artist creates ceramics of various genres, but she prefers to create tableware, decorative panels, chamber sculptures and their cycles. The ceramicist looks for creative inspiration in Eastern and Lithuanian folk art, draws from it and interprets the shapes, decorations and ornaments of the products in her own way. In N. Jakūnienė‘s works, imbued with poetics and associativity, an original personal approach and unique plastic solutions spread. The intriguing forms of the works are supported by a special knowledge of materials and techniques, which underline the aesthetics and meaning of the author‘s works. Key Wor ds: Nomeda Jakūnienė, ceramics, porcelain, reduction, anagama, techniques
Meklējot alternatīvas vācu kundzībai: jūrniecības pagātnes konstruēšana latviešu un lietuviešu nacionālajā historiogrāfijā
No full textIn the first half of the 20th century, all the states that emerged on the east coast of the Baltic gained access to the sea. Each tried to utilise this to strengthen their economies, but contemporaries had different views on their potential to do so. One example is that the Latvians were labelled as a maritime nation, while the Lithuanians were portrayed as a “continental” nation. This is sometimes still the case today. The research presented in this article shows that despite this judgement, the need to create images of the maritime past of the Latvian and Lithuanian nations manifested in both cases through the historiography that influenced modern national identities. The article focuses on the different representations of the maritime past used by the Latvian and Lithuanian national movements in the late 19th and the first half of the 20th century and examines the origins of these representations as well as the contexts in which they were instrumentalised. The research shows that although the images were different, Lithuanian and Latvian historians used similar strategies to create and disseminate them. These included retrospective identification with mediaeval and early modern societies and attempts to use images of the maritime past to find alternatives to German domination in the region. Keywords: nationalism, history of historiography, modern national historical narratives, Latvian national movement, Lithuanian national movement
Lifestyle habits related to internet use in adolescents: relationships between wellness, happiness, and mental health
No full textBackground: Studies in recent years have shown a significant increase in problematic internet use. Prolonged internet usage negatively impacts various aspects of adolescents’ lifestyles. Methods: The survey was conducted in three Lithuanian cities—Vilnius, Klaipėda, and Molėtai—between October and December of 2023. The survey involved students between the ages of 12 and 16. The participants completed a questionnaire that included questions about wellness and happiness, the Internet Addiction Test (IAT), and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Our study aimed to investigate problematic internet use among Lithuanian adolescents and its relationships with wellness, happiness, and mental health. Results: This study included 1412 adolescents, with a mean age of 14.41 ± 1.20, with the sample composed of 52.3% boys. Boys indicated that they felt healthier and happier than girls (69.4% vs. 47.4%; 51.4% vs. 29.6%), p <0.001. A total of 20.8% of students had IAT scores that reflect a normal level of internet usage. For IAT, the average score of girls was statistically significantly higher than that of boys (41.87 ± 12.24 vs. 39.96 ± 12.37), p <0.001. The IAT score was higher in the group of students who felt less happy and healthy, had more frequent headaches or abdominal pain, and had problems with sleep, p <0.001. A statistically significant, positive weak correlation was found between students’ IAT scores and SDQ internalizing and SDQ externalizing scores (r = 0.366; r = 0.385, p <0.001). Conclusions: Prolonged internet use is arising as a serious problem among adolescents. Negative feelings, unhappiness, and poor emotion regulation have an association with internet addiction. Also, the female gender may be more associated with possible internet addiction. The results of this study can serve as initial steps toward developing preventive interventions. Keywords: problematic internet use; internet addiction; adolescent; mental health; internalizing difficulties; externalizing difficulties; wellness; happiness
Do regional integration and trade linkages promoteproductivity spillovers? Evidence from the European Union
No full textThis study examines the productivity and efficiency spillovers in the presence of trade linkages in 27 European Union countries from 1990 to 2019. The European Union is one of the largest trading blocs in the world and has implemented costly policies and reforms to improve productivity growth. Meanwhile, trade induced productivity and efficiency spillovers have often been overlooked in the literature, and examining them could provide further clarity to the productivity puzzle. Using a spatial Durbin model and a bilateral trade matrix, this study estimates a spatial stochastic production frontier model using data from the Penn World Table and the World Integrated Trade Solution. We decompose production frontier estimates to obtain the spillover effects of total factor productivity growth and technical efficiency from a network of bilateral trading partners. Our results provide evidence of productivity and efficiency spillovers; however, the gains are uneven. Policy implications are discussed. Keywords: European union (EU); Eurozone; spillovers; total factor productivity (TFP); spatial Durbin model
„Kresų“ diskurso vaidmuo konstruojant šiuolaikinį Lietuvos lenkų identitetą
No full textPo Antrojo pasaulinio karo nustačius naujas Lenkijos valstybės sienas, prieškario Antrosios Lenkijos Respublikos ('II Rzeczpospolita') piliečiai, gyvenantys vadinamuosiuose Rytų 'Kresuose' buvo masiškai perkeliami iš naujai įkurtų Sovietų Sąjungos Lietuvos, Baltarusijos ir Ukrainos respublikų į naują Lenkijos Liaudies Respubliką ('Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa'). 240 tūkst. lenkų, po karo išvykusių iš Lietuvos Sovietų Socialistinės Respublikos, buvo tik dalis iš daugiau kaip 1,4 mln. žmonių, perkeltų į naująją Lenkiją. Jie su nepaprasta jėga atgaivino XIX a. Lenkijos 'Kresų' mitą – vieną svarbiausių Lenkijos nacionalinių mitų, kuris netrukus tapo neatsiejama Lenkijos nacionalinio diskurso dalimi ir pagrindiniu tapatybės politikos elementu lenkų, likusių 'Kresuose', atžvilgiu. Šiame straipsnyje bandoma atsakyti į klausimą: kokia yra 'Kresų' mito / diskurso reikšmė ir vaidmuo konstruojant šiuolaikinių lenkų, gyvenančių Pietryčių Lietuvoje – šių mitinių (lenkiškų) 'Kresų' teritorijoje – identitetą? Straipsnis parengtas remiantis serija interviu su Lietuvos lenkais bei vyriausybinių ir nevyriausybinių 'Kresų' labui veikiančių organizacijų atstovais, taip pat šių organizacijų interneto svetainėse skelbiamų kvietimų teikti paraiškas projektams, skirtiems lenkams Lietuvoje, turinio analize. Raktažodžiai: 'Kresai' ('Kresy'), 'Kresų' mitas, 'Kresų' diskursas, tautinė tapatybė, lenkai Lietuvoje, lenkiškumas.The consequence of establishing new Polish state borders after the Second World War was the mass resettlement of citizens of the pre-war Second Polish Republic (II Rzeczpospolita) from the so-called 'Kresy' – now newly established Lithuanian, Belarusian and Ukrainian republics of the Soviet Union – to the Polish People’s Republic (Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa). The 240,000 Poles, who left the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic as part of the post-war resettlement, were only part of a group of over 1.4 million people resettled to ‘new Poland’. With extraordinary strength, they revived the 19th century myth of the 'Polish Kresy' – one of the most important Polish national myths – which soon became an inseparable part of the Polish national discourse and the main element of Polish identity policy towards Poles who stayed in 'Kresy'. This article is an attempt to answer the following question: What is the meaning of and role played by 'Kresy' myth/discourse in constructing the identity of contemporary Poles living in South-eastern Lithuania – on the territory of these mythical 'Polish Kresy'? The article is based on a series of interviews with Poles from Lithuania and representatives of governmental and non-governmental organisations operating for the 'Kresy', as well as an analysis of the content of these organisations websites with a project offer addressed to Poles in Lithuania. Keywords: 'Kresy', 'Kresy' myth, 'Kresy' discourse, national identity, Poles in Lithuania, Polishness