“Lituanistika”, International Research Database
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Władysławas Tatarkiewiczius Vilniuje (1919-1921 m.). Filosofijos istorija - etika - darbo metodai
No full textŠiame straipsnyje siekiama išnagrinėti Władysławo Tatarkiewicziaus darbus, parašytus jį paskyrus dirbti Stepono Batoro universitete (1919–1921), siejant juos su ankstesniais bei vėlesniais tyrimais, ir padaryti išvadas apie šio laikotarpio reikšmę visai jo akademinei karjerai. Straipsnyje pateikiama tekstų analizė, iš kurios matyti, kad Vilniuje Tatarkiewiczius toliau plėtojo savo ankstesnius etikos tyrimus ir tobulino jų metodus. Nors Vilniuje jis praleido tik dvejus metus, šie metai, atrodo, tapo svarbiu jo filosofinės raidos laikotarpiu. Raktažodžiai: Władysławas Tatarkiewiczius, Stepono Batoro universitetas, lenkų filosofija, filosofijos istorija, etika.The aim of the article is to examine the works of Władysław Tatarkiewicz which are associated with his assignment to Stefan Batory University (1919–1921), to link these works with the studies preceding and following them, and to draw conclusions on the significance of this period for his entire academic career. The article contains analysis of texts which shows that in Vilnius Tatarkiewicz deepened his previous ethical research and refined his methods. Even though he spent only two years in Vilnius, these years appear to have been an important period for his philosophical development. Keywords: Władysław Tatarkiewicz, Stefan Batory University, Polish philosophy, history of philosophy, ethics
Art of the interior of the St. Trinity Church in Stakliškės
No full textStraipsnyje apžvelgiami Stakliškių Švč. Trejybės bažnyčios XVII–XVIII a. vėlyvojo baroko bei XIX a. interjero įrenginiai ir dailės kūriniai, siekiant išanalizuoti jų stilistines ypatybes, ikonografiją, kaitą. Remiantis XVIII–XIX a. archyviniais dokumentais ir bažnyčioje esamų meno kūrinių ikonografiniu-ikonologiniu bei formaliuoju tyrimais, atskleidžiamos laikotarpiui būdingos meninės raiškos formos ir prasmės, meninė vertė. Daugiausia dėmesio skiriama bažnyčios altorių – retabulų meninės raiškos, ikonografijos ir atvaizdų analizei. Pasitelkiant archyvinius šaltinius – išlikusias bažnyčios vizitacijas, – siekiama išsiaiškinti pirmines ikonografines programas. Aptariami kiti bažnyčioje išlikę sakralinės dailės įrenginiai ir skulptūrinės kompozicijos: krikštykla, sakykla, skulptūros. Raktažodžiai: Stakliškių Švč. Trejybės bažnyčia, Boufalai, ikonografija, barokas, Lietuvos sakralinė dailė.The article gives an overview of the interior furnishings and works of art of late Baroque of 17th–18th centuries and the 19th century at the Stakliškės St. Trinity Church. With reference to the interior works of art the article anlyses their stylistic features, iconography and changes. Based on archival documents from the 18th and 19th centuries and iconographic-iconological and formal studies of the works of art of the church, the forms and meanings of artistic expression, as well as the artistic value characteristic of the period, are revealed. The main focus is on the analysis of the artistic expression, iconography and images of the church altars - retables. Using archival sources – surviving church visitations – the aim was to clarify the original iconographic programmes. Other sacral art installations and sculptural compositions which have survived in the church, and which include the baptistery, the pulpit, the sculptures are discussed. Keywords: Stakliškės St. Trinity Church, Bouffal, iconography, Baroque, Lithuanian sacred art
An Algorithm for managerial actions on the rational use of renewable sources of energy: determination of the energy potential of biomass in Lithuania
No full textThis paper offers an algorithm to account for potential actions on the efficient production of renewable energy. The algorithm consists of a substantiated choice of a certain type of renewable energy, the evaluation of its potential, and the regulation of the processes of obtaining that renewable energy. Also, potential resources for agricultural biofuel production have been analyzed and it has been determined that there is real biomass potential in Lithuania. It will thus be beneficial to make appropriate managerial decisions on the methods of biofuel processing and consumption, as well as on means of receiving the economic, energy and environmental effects. The total potential of by-product biomass of crop production was determined, and the thermal and electric potential of the crop by-products were calculated. Additionally, the potential for production of gas-like types of fuel (biomethane, biohydrogen, and syngas) from crop by-products was determined. The potential for the production of diesel biofuel from oil crop waste (bran) was also found, and the potential for livestock by-products for receiving gas-like types of fuel (biomethane, biohydrogen) was established. The corresponding thermal and electric equivalents of the potential were found and the potential volumes of the biomethane and biohydrogen production were calculated. The total energy equivalent equals, on average, 30.017 × 106 GJ of the thermal energy and 9.224 × 106 GJ of the electric energy in Lithuania. The total potential of biomethane production (taking into account crop production and animal husbandry wastes) on average equals 285.6 × 106 m3 . The total potential of biohydrogen production on average equals 251.9 × 106 m3 . The cost equivalents of the energy potential of agrarian biomass have been calculated. The average cost equivalent of the thermal energy could equal EUR 8.9 billion, electric energy EUR 15.9 billion, biomethane EUR 3.3 billion and biohydrogen EUR 14.1 billion. The evaluation of the agricultural biomass potential as a source of renewable energy confirmed that Lithuania has a large biomass potential and satisfies the needs for the production of renewable energy. Thus, it is possible to move to the second step, that of making a decision concerning biomass conversion. Keywords: biomass; algorithm; potential; cost; equivalents; crop; production; livestock
Carbon footprint stemming from ice sports on the Turkey and Lithuanian scale
No full textThe aim of this study is to calculate the average carbon footprint per capita from the transportation of the Ice Hockey League in Turkey and Lithuania in the 2021-2022 season. In addition, we identified the opinions of team managers of the national hockey leagues in Turkey and Lithuania regarding the problems and possible solutions related to the sustainable environment and persons’ right to a clean and safe environment in the sport sector. In this study, which was limited to the Turkish Ice Hockey Intercity Super League and the Lithuanian National Ice Hockey League in the 2021–2022 Season, eight teams from Turkey and five teams from Lithuania took part in the research. The type of vehicle used by each team and the total traveled distance were used for the collection of data. Interviews were conducted using a semi-structured interview format seeking to identify problems and solutions proposed by sports managers regarding environmental sustainability and the implementation of persons’ right to a clean and safe environment in the sport sector. Five managers from Turkey and two managers from Lithuania were randomly selected for the research. The average carbon footprint per person was calculated as 88.23 kg/CO2 -e due to the travels of the Ice Hockey Super League teams participating in the 2021-2022 Season matches in Turkey. The average carbon footprint per capita was calculated as 0.5229 kg/CO2 -e, as Ice Hockey Super League teams in the 2021-2022 Season traveled to participate in matches organized in Lithuania. For solving the abovementioned problems, the sports experts offered recommendations such as energy saving, less waste generation and reducing water consumption in order to achieve the environmental protection goals of the sports leaders. Since both teams often travel due to the intense league schedules, the Ice Hockey Super League goal should be to reduce carbon emissions, especially those related to transportation. Energy conservation policies should also be implemented, and environmentally friendly practices should be emphasized. Keywords: right to a clean environment; carbon footprint; sustainability in sport; ice hockey
Significance of organizational health features during the COVID-19 pandemic for the well-being of Lithuanian healthcare workers
No full textSummary: During various emergencies, especially pandemics, there is a heavy burden on healthcare workers and pharmacists. Organizational support plays a significant role in protecting their mental health. Though the study aimed analyze the subjectively perceived difficulties and challenges of healthcare workers related to organizing work in the context of a pandemic. Methods: Twenty seven subjects (20 women, 7 men) participated in the qualitative research 30–45 min. Duration semi-structured interviews were performed, and thematic data analysis was applied. Results: During the first wave of the COVD-19 pandemic, research participants experienced an avalanche of change in all significant areas of life: experienced general overall uncertainty, confusion in working order, and intense changes in work functions, responsibilities, and workload. These changes reduced the scope for control and predictability, there was a lack of structure and clarity. The avalanche of change caused by the COVID-19 pandemic provoked a strong and controversial emotional response. The contradiction was revealed between helplessness, disruption, loss of control experienced by staff and the internal and external pressure to adapt as quickly as possible to the functions of caregivers. The threats posed by the pandemic reinforced the need for active and engaged leadership and highlighted the key features of an employee supporting organization. Conclusion: Surviving the avalanche of change caused by the pandemic, healthcare workers and pharmacists emphasized the importance of management decisions about managing patient and employee health threats, clear work organization, active and inclusive leadership, change planning, and organizational concern for employee sustainability and emotional well-being. Regular, systematic, clear and understandable, timely, open and sincere, uncontroversial, and consistent communication of administration provides security for employees and can contribute to better physical and psychological well-being of employees. Keywords: healthcare workers, COVID-19, well-being, organizations, qualitative research
Assessment of factors determining airline consumer loyalty: case study in Lithuania
No full textThe aviation sector is constantly expanding and it is strongly influenced by external factors, which gives rise to significant competition between airlines. One of the most effective ways for an airline to gain a competitive advantage is to keep its customers as loyal users of the provided services, able to provide airlines with a stable revenue for the services they sell. The purpose of this paper was to identify the factors that have the greatest impact on airline passengers’ loyalty. This study analyzed the data from passengers of two classes: prestige (business) and economy. Prestige (business) passengers pay more attention to service quality (beverage and food selection, service and quality, especially accessibility, etc.), privacy, individual attention, and airline reliability, while economy class passengers focus on price and basic perception of service quality. Data were collected from 409 passengers who travelled from Lithuania airports (Vilnius, Kaunas, Palanga) to other countries. The results suggest that there are different factors of in-flight service quality that are important according to the customer seat class. The results indicate that 71% of passenger loyalty is explained by image and image is explained by satisfaction. In addition, service quality and price are found to have positive effects on satisfaction. Compared with price, service quality is found to be a stronger determinant of satisfaction. Keywords: aviation; loyalty; airline consumers; satisfaction; factors
Determinants of patient-perceived primary healthcare quality in Lithuania
No full textPatient-centered care is considered to be one of the essential pillars of a modern healthcare system. Thus, quality assessment based on patients’ perceptions, views and experiences in their journey through the healthcare system is recognized as one of the key principles for quality improvement initiatives. Measuring patient satisfaction can be confounded by expectations and prior experiences, which can be at least partly overcome by evaluating patient-perceived healthcare quality (PPHQ). Understanding the principal constituents of PPHQ may aid healthcare professionals and decision makers in the healthcare management process and help in creating instruments to meaningfully measure patient feedback. Herein, we aimed to analyze the primary determinants of PPHQ and their interactions, with a focus on patient experiences and healthcare accessibility, using the example of Lithuanian primary healthcare. For this purpose, we conducted a cross-sectional representative telephone survey that included a total of 1033 respondents (48% male) who had encountered primary healthcare during last 3 years. Survey questions consisted of sociodemographic characteristics, patient perceptions of healthcare service provision, patient experiences, self-reported health status and overall PPHQ ranked with a 5-point Likert scale as the primary outcome. The classification-regression tree (CRT) technique was used to analyze the relationship between different explanatory variables and PPHQ, as well as their relative importance and interactions. The majority of respondents (89%) evaluated PPHQ as acceptable or good. CRT analysis identified staff behavior, organizational accessibility and financial accessibility as the most important factors affecting PPHQ. Importantly, the latter factors surpassed the effect of other known PPHQ determinants, such as sociodemographic characteristics or health status. Further analysis has revealed that the relative importance of staff behavior, including understanding, attention and empathy, increased when more problems with organizational accessibility were encountered. In conclusion, our study suggests that PPHQ in primary healthcare may primarily be determined by organizational and financial accessibility and staff behavior, which may also act as an important mediating factor. Keywords: healthcare accessibility; healthcare quality; patient experiences; patient-perceived healthcare quality; primary healthcare
Effectiveness of cognitive skill training applying BrainRx methodology for 6-15 years old children
No full textMokymosi sunkumų patiria vis daugiau vaikų. Norint sėkmingai mokytis, svarbu ne tik kokybiška informacija iš aplinkos, bet ir aukšti kognityviniai įgūdžiai. Lavinti nusilpusius įgūdžius buvo sukurta kognityvinių įgūdžių lavinimo metodika BrainRx. JAV atlikti moksliniai tyrimai parodė puikius šios metodikos rezultatus. Lietuvoje tokių tyrimų dar nebuvo atlikta. Šio tyrimo tikslas − įvertinti kognityvinių įgūdžių lavinimo metodikos BrainRx efektyvumą 6-15 metų vaikams Lietuvoje. Tiriamieji, atlikę Gibson testą, pasirinko kognityvinių įgūdžių lavinimo metodą UAB „Golita“ ir UAB „Talentų era“ BrainGym Lietuvos centruose. Vėliau pakartotinai atliko Gibson kognityvinių įgūdžių testą, po kurio buvo surinkti antriniai duomenys. Tiriamųjų duomenys buvo renkami ir apdorojami Excel programoje. Remiantis rezultatais, vidutiniškai bendras kognityvinių įgūdžių pokytis sudarė 11,83 proc., 6-10 metų tiriamųjų grupėje šis pokytis sudarė 11,15 proc., o 11-15 metų tiriamųjų grupėje − 14,27 procento. Sudėtinis IQ pakitimas 6-10 metų tiriamųjų grupėje buvo 10,17 proc., 11-15 metų grupėje 11,25 proc., kai bendras grupių pokytis buvo 8,5 procento. Išvada. BrainRx kognityvinių įgūdžių lavinimo metodikos taikymo vaikams bandomojo tyrimo rezultatai parodė teigiamų kognityvinių įgūdžių pokyčių, todėl ateityje galima daryti daugiau tyrimų, susijusių su BrainRx kognityvinių įgūdžių lavinimo metodika. Raktažodžiai: kognityviniai įgūdžiai, BrainRx metodika, vaikai, dėmesio koncentracija, mokymosi sunkumai.Learning difficulties are affecting more and more children everyday. In order to experience success in learning, it is important not only to receive quality information from the environment, but also to have high cognitive skills. BrainRx, a methodology for training cognitive skills, was created to develop weakenes cognitive skills. Research shows that this methodology has shown excellent results in studies in the United States. However, such studies have not yet been conducted in Lithuania. This scientific study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of the BrainRx cognitive skills training methodology for 6-15 year old children in Lithuania. After completing the Gibson test, the subjects chose the cognitive skills training method at UAB "Golita" and UAB "Talentų era" BrainGym Lithuanian centers. Subsequently, the Gibson Cognitive Skills Test was re-administered, after which secondary data were collected. Subject data were collected and processed in Excel. According to the results, the average overall change in cognitive skills is 11,83 %, while in the group of 6-10-year-old subjects, the change is 11,15 %, and in the group of 11-15-year-old subjects, the change is 14,27 %. The composite IQ change in the group of 6-10-yearold subjects is 10,17 %, in the group of 11-15-year-old subjects it is 11,25%, when the total change of the groups is 8,5 %. In conclusion, it can be said that the results of the pilot study after the BrainRx cognitive skills training methodology showed more positive changes in children‘s cognitive skills, so in the future more research related to the BrainRx cognitive skills training methodology can be done. Keywords: cognitive skills, BrainRx methodology, children, attention span, learning difficulties
Assessment of coastal morphology on the south-eastern Baltic sea coast: the case of Lithuania
No full textThe Port of Klaipėda, located at the Klaipėda strait, divides the Lithuanian coast into two different geomorphological parts: southern the coast of the Curonian Spit, and northern the mainland coast. Port jetties interrupt the main sediment transport path along the South-Eastern Baltic Sea’s coast. Port of Klaipėda reconstruction in 2002 and the beach nourishment project which started in 2014 significantly influenced the northern part of the coast, which led to changes in the coastal zone evolution. The measurements in various periods are essential for cross-shore profile elevation to analyze seabed morphology and sedimentation patterns. These data highlight our understanding of the scale and timing of seabed erosion or sedimentation processes scale and timing. This study evaluates the impact of anthropogenic pressure and natural factors on coastal geomorphology and dynamics. In order to assess the latter changes, the cross-shore profile evolution and sediment budget were analyzed as well as nearshore bathymetry changes. The data illustrated a changing picture of the entire shore profile on land and underwater. Keywords: sediment volume; bathymetry; cross-shore profile; Baltic Sea
7th-8th grade pupils kinesthetic learning style’s expression and relationships with their physical activity
No full textTyrimo tikslas – nustatyti 7-8 klasių mokinių kinestetinio mokymosi stiliaus raišką ir sąsajas su jų fiziniu aktyvumu. Tyrimo objektas – kinestetinio mokymosi stiliaus ir fizinio aktyvumo sąsajos. Hipotezė - moksleiviai, kurių ryškesnis kinestetinis mokymosi stilius, yra fiziškai aktyvesni negu moksleiviai, kurių ryškesnis vizualinis arba audialinis mokymosi stilius. Tyrime dalyvavo dviejų, patogiosios atrankos būdu pasirinktų, Kauno miesto bendrojo lavinimo mokyklų 7 ir 8 klasių moksleiviai. Vykdytas kiekybinis tyrimas, naudojant anketinės apklausos metodą. Respondentams buvo duoti du klausimynai. Pirmasis elektroninės versijos klausimynas „Koks mano mokymosi stilius?“ buvo naudojamas siekiant nustatyti moksleivių mokymosi stilių. Mokiniui atsakius į visus klausimus, parodyti apibendrinti rezultatai: šalia nurodyto mokymosi stiliaus parašytas jį atitinkančių mokinio pasirinktų atsakymų skaičius. Didžiausias pasirinktų atsakymų skaičius mokiniui parodė jo vyraujantį mokymosi stilių. Šiame tyrime pasirinktų atsakymų skaičius buvo prilygintas balams. Antrasis klausimynas (angl. Godin Leisure– Time Exercise Questionnaire, GLTEQ) naudotas nustatyti moksleivių laisvalaikio fizinio aktyvumo lygį. Tyrimo duomenų analizei taikyti standartiniai aprašomosios statistikos metodai. Nustatyta, kad apie 70 proc. visų respondentų reguliaria vidutinio-didelio intensyvumo fizine veikla laisvalaikiu užsiima rečiau nei 5 kartus per savaitę, t.y. neatitinka Pasaulio sveikatos organizacijos rekomendacijų. Lyginant lyties aspektu, didesnis procentas merginų nei vaikinų buvo nepakankamai fiziškai aktyvios ir dideliu intensyvumu sportuoja rečiau (p<0,05). Nustatyta, kad visų tirtų mokinių dominuojantis mokymosi stilius yra kinestetinis. Lyginant tiek lyties, tiek ir klasės aspektu mokymosi stilių, raiška analogiška. Statistiškai reikšmingi skirtumai nustatyti tik analizuojant vizualinį mokymosi stilių lyties aspektu (p<0,05). Tyrime iškelta hipotezė pasitvirtino iš dalies, kadangi kinestetinio mokymosi stiliaus raiška statistiškai reikšmingai siejosi tik su visų tiriamųjų vidutinio intensyvumo fizinio aktyvumo (FA) dažnumu, bei mažo intensyvumo 8 klasių mokinių FA dažnumu. Raktažodžiai: mokymosi stiliai, kinestetinis mokymosi stilius, fizinis aktyvumas, paaugliai.The aim of research – to identify the kinesthetic learning style expression of 7th-8th grade pupils and it’s relationships with their physical activity The object – pupils’ kinesthetic learning style and physical activity. Hypothesis – pupils with more strongly expressed kinesthetic learning style are more physically active than pupils with more strongly expressed visual or auditory learning styles. The 7th and 8th grade students of two Kaunas city general education schools, selected by convenient selection, participated in the research. A quantitative study was conducted using a questionnaire survey method. Respondents were given two questionnaires. The first electronic version of the questionnaire, ‚What is my learning style?‘ was used to identify students‘ learning styles. When the student answered all the questions, the summarized results are shown: next to the indicated learning style, the number of corresponding answers selected by the student is written. The highest number of selected answers showed his or her predominant learning style. The number of responses selected in this study was equated to scores. The second questionnaire - the Godin Leisure- Time Exercise Questionnaire (GLTEQ) which was used to measure students‘ levels of leisure-time physical activity. Results and conclusions. It was found that about 70 percent of the researched 7th – 8th grade pupils in their spare time are not sufficiently physically active and do not meet the WHO recommendations to be physically active for at least an hour every day, when the intensity of the activity is moderate-to-vigorous . Researching further, boys were performing daily physical activities more frequently and they were more likely to perform high intensity physical activities than girls (p<0.05). Finally, taking the aspect of the different grade pupils, there was no significant difference found. It was found that the dominant learning style of all the researched pupils was kinesthetic, second most common learning style was visual In comparison to each other, both the gender and pupils from different grades analysis showed identical expressions of the learning styles. Statistically significant distinction was found only while analyzing different gender pupils within visual learning style (p<0.05). The investigation revealed that kinesthetic learning style was significantly associated with moderate physical activity frequency in total group.Moreover, it was found out that kinesthetic learning syle is significantly related to the light intensity physical activity in students group. The study hypothesis was partially confirmed, because it was found statistically significant associations with only variables of physical activity measured. Keywords: learning styles, kinesthetic learning style, physical activity, adolescents