“Lituanistika”, International Research Database
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Promoting tourism in the town of Jonava through content marketing
No full textStraipsnyje nagrinėjama turinio marketingo strategijų efektyvumo problema Jonavos miesto populiarinimui. Straipsnio tikslas – išanalizuoti, kaip turinio marketingo priemonės gali padėti šiuolaikiniams miestams pritraukti turistus ir investicijas, remiantis Jonavos miesto pavyzdžiu. Remiantis mokslinės literatūros šaltiniais, pateikiamos turinio marketingo sampratos, apibūdinami skirtingi turinio marketingo metodai ir jų pritaikymo galimybės. Darbo probleminis klausimas - kokią įtaką turinio marketingo priemonės daro Jonavos miesto žinomumui ir turistų pritraukimui? Šis klausimas yra svarbus, nes turinio marketingo veiksmingumas gali turėti didelę įtaką vietovės žinomumui ir turizmo plėtrai. Jonavos miesto atveju, gerai suplanuotas ir įgyvendintas turinio marketingas gali padėti pritraukti tiek vietinius, tiek tarptautinius turistus, skatinti ekonominį augimą ir pagerinti miesto įvaizdį. Taip pat nagrinėjama konkretus turinio marketingo strategijų taikymas Jonavos mieste, atsižvelgiant į vietos kultūros, istorijos ir gamtos išteklius, kaip būdus padidinti miesto patrauklumą ir žinomumą. Analizė grindžiama mokslinės literatūros šaltiniais ir atliktu kiekybiniu tyrimu. Raktiniai žodžiai: turinio marketingas, socialinės medijos, skaitmeninis turinys, įtraukimo rinkodara, tradicinė rinkodara.The article deals with the problem of the effectiveness of content marketing strategies for the promotion of the city of Jonava. The aim of the paper is to analyze how content marketing tools can help modern cities to attract tourists and investments, based on the example of Jonava. Based on scientific literature sources, the paper provides an overview of the concept and application of content marketing, outlines the theoretical aspects of destination attraction, and describes different content marketing methods and their application possibilities. The problematic question of the thesis is: what impact do content marketing tools have on the awareness of Jonava city and attraction of tourists? This question is important because the effectiveness of content marketing can have a significant impact on destination awareness and tourism development. In the case of Jonava, well-planned and implemented content marketing can help attract both domestic and international tourists, stimulate economic growth and improve the city's image. It also explores the specific application of content marketing strategies in Jonava, taking into account the local cultural, historical and natural resources, as ways to increase the attractiveness and visibility of the city. The analysis is based on scientific literature sources and quantitative research
Assessing the quality of standardised social services provided in people's homes: the experiences of personal care workers
No full textStraipsnio tikslas – atskleisti individualios priežiūros darbuotojų patirtis, susijusias su tuo, kaip vertinama socialinių paslaugų, teikiamų asmens namuose, kokybė taikant EQUASS kokybės standartą. Probleminiai klausimai: Kaip pasikeitė individualios priežiūros darbuotojų teikiamų socialinių paslaugų kokybės vertinimas įdiegus EQUASS kokybės standartą? Kokius pokyčius teikdami socialines paslaugas patiria individualios priežiūros darbuotojai, įdiegus EQUASS kokybės standartą? Siekiant atskleisti individualios priežiūros darbuotojų patirtis, taikyta kokybinio tyrimo prieiga. Pasirinkta tikslinė atranka laikantis prisotinimo principo (apklausti 8 individualios priežiūros darbuotojai). Empiriniai duomenys buvo renkami naudojant pusiau struktūruotą interviu. Tyrimo duomenys buvo apdoroti pasitelkus kokybinę turinio (content) analizę. Tyrimas atskleidė, kad socialinių paslaugų kokybės užtikrinimas iki EQUASS standarto diegimo buvo orientuojamas į pastangas atliepti paslaugų gavėjų poreikius, todėl individualios priežiūros darbuotojai teikiamų socialinių paslaugų kokybę vertino daugiau intuityviai (stebėdami paslaugų gavėjo reakciją) ir objektyviai (metinės vertinimo anketos duomenys). Kokybinio tyrimo radiniai atskleidė, kad, pradėjus taikyti EQUASS standartą, teikiamų paslaugų kokybę imta vertinti pagal numatytus paslaugų kokybės vertinimo kriterijus, akcentuojant konkretaus rezultato pasiekimą ir jo išmatavimą. Standartizuotų socialinių paslaugų kokybė tapo neatsiejama nuo asmens, kuriam jos teikiamos, išsikeltų asmeninių tikslų, įgalinančių mažais žingsniais gerinti savo gyvenimo kokybę. EQUASS standarto taikymas pakeitė individualios priežiūros darbuotojų teikiamų paslaugų prasmės suvokimą iš „teikti nustatytą poreikį atitinkančias paslaugas“ į „teikti paslaugų gavėjo konkretų poreikį atliepiančias paslaugas jį įgalinti". Kokybės kriterijų numatymas leidžia individualios priežiūros darbuotojams siekti konkretaus ir pamatuojamo rezultato ir sykiu didina darbo motyvaciją. Veiklos įsivertinimas siejamas su paslaugų teikimo tobulinimu ir paskata tobulėti profesinėje veikloje. Tyrimo radiniai atskleidė, kad standartizuotų paslaugų teikimas didina įstaigos darbuotojų sutelktumą, įprasmina komandinio darbo svarbą paslaugų gavėjo įgalinimo ir paslaugų tobulinimo kontekste. Individualios priežiūros darbuotojų patiriami pokyčiai sietini su padidėjusia paslaugų pasiūla, socialinių partnerių įsitraukimu siūlant paslaugas ir besiformuojančia paslaugų kokybės stebėsenos kultūra įstaigoje. Reikšminiai žodžiai: socialinės paslaugos namuose; EQUASS standartas; socialinių paslaugų kokybė; individualios priežiūros darbuotojai; socialinių paslaugų vertinimas.Demographic ageing is becoming one of the most pressing social problems in Lithuania. It is being addressed by increasing the scope and accessibility of social services, resulting in a pressing need for quality assurance (Micevičienė, 2023). The changing needs and expectations of society for social services increase the quality requirements, which subsequently become an integral part of the development and improvement of organisations. In Lithuania, the main quality standard for social services was considered to be the Inventory of Social Care Norms (2007), but accession to the European Union has provided the opportunity to adopt the experience of foreign countries and apply a wider range of quality standards for social services. In order to improve the provision of social services in Lithuania, the EQUASS standard has been introduced. One of the objectives of EQUASS is to involve staff in the process of continuous quality improvement, ensuring that service recipients are involved in the process of implementing the quality system and receive high quality services. This article aims to shed light on how the quality assessment of social services provided by personal care workers has changed since the introduction of the EQUASS standard. What changes have individual care workers experienced in the provision of social services? A further aim is to highlight the experiences of personal care workers in assessing the quality of social services in individuals’ homes within the context of the EQUASS standard. The following research methods were used: analysis of scientific literature and legislation, and semi-structured interviews. The research was conducted between November and December 2023, and is funded by the Research Council of Lithuania. The research instrument is student research conducted during semesters. The content analysis method was used to analyse the research data. The method of non-probability sampling used for the research involved a criterion sample as follows: working in a social care institution with at least 3 years of implementation of the EQUASS standard; providing social services in the homes of service recipients; and having at least 5 years of social work experience. Eight personal care workers who fulfilled all of the above criteria participated in the research. In terms of research ethics, participants were given the opportunity to take part in the research voluntarily; they were informed in advance of the purpose of the research, and those who agreed to participate were invited for an interview. The questionnaire did not contain any offensive or derogatory statements. The interviews took place in a setting in which the participants did not feel fear or stress. The confidentiality and privacy of the participants was ensured by providing a unique code to each respondent. This empirical study enabled deeper insights into the application of the EQUASS standard in a care facility. The experiences of personal care workers in relation to the assessment of the quality of social services prior to and during the implementation of the EQU ASS standard were revealed. The research revealed that prior to the introduction of the EQUASS standard, personal care workers assessed the quality of social services provided in their institutions intuitively and objectively. The participants of the research assessed the quality of social services based on the feedback of the service recipients and their satisfaction or dissatisfaction with the services provided. The perception of the quality of social services was highly individual and depended on the expectations, experiences or attitudes of the workers. Improved quality of life or positive attitudes of service recipients was also a factor for personal care workers in determining the quality of services. The quality of social services prior to the EQUASS standard was also assessed by personal care workers through annual surveys. On the other hand, receiving feedback from service recipients and not receiving any complaints was a reason for staff to believe that they were delivering quality services. The statements given by the personal care workers who took part in the study revealed that the quality of social services provided in the institution following the implementation of the EQUASS standard is assessed subjectively, intersubjectively and objectively. The implementation of the EQUASS standard has made it necessary for the participants to submit a self-assessment, which is seen as both a time-consuming exercise and a quality assurance factor. The intersubjective evaluation is linked to the self-assessment of the personal care workers combined with the assessment of the social workers, analysing and discussing the quality of the services provided. The subjective evaluation of the services provided by the personal care workers is provided by the service recipients, who write their observations, preferences and suggestions on evaluation sheets. This research reveals that with the EQUASS standard, the quality of social services provided by personal care workers is linked to compliance with the intended criteria for assessing the quality of services and a measurable outcome. After the implementation of the EQUASS standard, personal care workers experience changes at the individual and institutional levels. Changes at the individual level are reflec ted in efforts to empower the service recipient, working towards achieving a specific result, and in the evaluation of the services provided. [...] Keywords: social services at home; EQUASS standard; quality of social services; evaluation of social services
Professional self-image of modernist architects from Soviet Lithuania and its present-day assessment
No full textTiriamas sovietmečio architektų modernistų savivaizdis kaip profesinei grupei būdinga vaizdinių, savęs supratimo ir vertinimo sistema. Išryškinamas vyriausiosios sovietmečio architektų profesinės kartos, studijas baigusios 1950–1969 m., savivaizdis ir kaip jį vertina vėlesnės kartos. Remiamasi pusiau struktūruotų giluminių interviu su 33 iškiliais Lietuvos architektais tyrimu teminės analizės metodu. Vyriausiosios sovietmečio architektų kartos atstovai selektyviais prisiminimais konstruoja architekto modernisto vaizdinį. Tai plačių gebėjimų menininkas, ambicingas kūrėjas, moralus ir reikšmingas valstybei bei visuomenei. Ši karta sovietinį laikotarpį linkusi laikyti „profesine normalybe“, o posovietines transformacijas – jos pabaiga. Dėl adaptacijos iššūkių jie nusivylę dabartimi ir jaučia nostalgiją praeičiai. Vėlesnės kartos vyriausiųjų naratyvus vertina prieštaringai, priklausomai nuo jų patirties dirbant architektais sovietmečiu. Jaunesnieji, studijas baigę 1990–2009 m., kategoriškai atmeta vyriausiųjų idealizuotą savivaizdį. Vyresnieji, baigę studijas 1970– 1989 m., linkę apsvarstyti sovietinio architekto savivaizdį ir prisišlieti prie vienos iš gretimų kartų požiūrių. Reikšminiai žodžiai: architektų profesinė bendruomenė, sovietinis architektas, profesinės kartos, profesijų sociologija, modernizmo ideologija, kūryba socialistiniu laikotarpiu.The article explores the self-image of modernist architects during the Soviet period, viewing it as an intrinsic self-referential system within the professional community. It aims to illuminate the self-image of the earliest post-war generation of professional architects, who graduated in architecture in Lithuania between 1950 and 1969 (referred to as “the eldest”), and to analyze how subsequent professional generations either perpetuated or rejected this self-image. The study draws upon the findings of sociological research, which involved semi-structured in-depth interviews with 33 prominent Lithuanian architects. Data analysis was conducted using qualitative thematic analysis methods. From a contemporary standpoint, members of the earliest generation of professional Soviet architects selectively construct an idealized self-image of the Soviet modernist architect. They depict this archetype as a multifaceted artist and an ambitious individual creator, characterized by a sense of moral obligation and dedication to humanity, while also being valued by the state and society. This generation tends to regard the Soviet era as a period of “professional normalcy,” shaped by modernist ideology, the scope of professional opportunities within the Soviet totalitarian regime, and positive public reception. However, the challenges of adapting to the post-Soviet transformation have led them to perceive this change negatively, viewing it as the demise of the “professional normalcy” they once knew. Consequently, they experience a sense of disillusionment with the present and harbour nostalgia for the past. While researchers regard the narratives of Soviet modernist architects as self-constructed myths, the responses from subsequent generations of architects vary and depend heavily on their experiences practicing during the Soviet era. The younger professional cohort, graduating between 1990 and 2009 and lacking direct exposure to Soviet-era practices, unequivocally rejects the idealized perception of architects portrayed by the eldest generation. Conversely, the intermediate elder generation, graduating between 1970 and 1989 and having navigated both Soviet and independent Lithuanian contexts as architecture professionals, tends to reassess the self-image of the Soviet architect. They often align themselves closely with the perspectives of either the eldest or the youngest generations. Keywords: professional community of architects, generations of professionals, professional self-concept, ideology of modernism, Soviet architecture, sociology of professions
Fostering creative English for specific purposes studies: implementation of flipped classroom method during COVID-19 pandemic at Antanas Gustaitis’ Aviation Institute, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Lithuania
No full textThe global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has had far-reaching consequences, including those within the realm of higher education. The flipped classroom method was adopted as an innovative teaching tool and creative approach within English for specific purposes classes at Vilnius Gediminas Technical University Antanas Gustaitis’ Aviation Institute to increase student motivation and enhance the teaching and learning process. The study’s results demonstrated that the flipped classroom method yielded both positive and negative outcomes, including more efficient mastery of learning material, improved planning of in-class and out-of-class activities, opportunities for additional research on covered topics, increased workload and time consumption, and other. Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic, creative approach to English for specific purposes, English for specific purposes, flipped classroom method, higher education, teaching and learning process
Gender equity in deanship of the Central and Eastern European law schools
No full textThe paper aims to analyze the scope of female leadership (deanship) at public and non-public law faculties in selected countries from the region of Central and Eastern Europe: Poland, Hungary, Czechia, Slovakia, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Bulgaria, Romania, Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, Kosovo, Bosnia and Hercegovina, Montenegro. The paper will explore the engagement of women in the administration of law schools operating within public (and non-public) schools (universities) across the region in the latest years. The paper aims to show the number of female deanships at law faculties in the analyzed states. This analysis will be based on statistical data obtained from the available public sources (including national databases as well as the European Union resources) providing the number of female deans and vice-deans appointed or elected by the academia at all higher education institutions within the country. The initial hypothesis states that gender inequality has been present in the deanship of analyzed law schools and refects general trends in gender equality in Europe. Comprehensive analysis of the central and eastern European states will allow formulating the key conclusions and answering the following research questions concerning the diferences in the numbers of women on the key positions within the law faculties in terms of public versus non-public institutions and in the light of the general gender equality trends in the continent. The research methods used for the analysis include a dogmatic method, statistical method as well as comparative method. Keywords: female deanship; gender equality; law faculty; female deans; Central-Eastern Europe
The Past, present and future of EU copyright flexibilities
No full textBuilding on a wealth of studies on the strengths and pitfalls of EU harmonisation in the field of copyright exceptions and limitations, and on the state of the art of the copyright balance across the Union, the H2020 project reCreating Europe performed an unprecedented comparative mapping of EU and national legislative acts and case law regulating copyright ‘‘flexibilities’’ (exceptions and limitations; definition of protectable subject-matter; terms of protection; exhaustion; judicial doctrines such as fair balance and the horizontal effects of fundamental rights on copyright law; statutory licensing schemes; paying public domain et al.). On this basis, it produced national and comparative reports, grouped into 12 homogeneous categories of permitted uses. The study aimed at (a) assessing the degree of harmonisation across the EU and the impact of their territoriality and optional nature on the proper functioning of the system; (b) mapping which ‘‘uses’’ and ‘‘purposes’’ are balanced against copyright and with what results, both in the EU and in each Member State; and (c) identifying the regulatory gaps and enablers impacting on the proper functioning of copyright flexibilities across the Union. This article will provide an overview of the background, methodology (Section 2) and main results of the research, sketching the past and present of EU copyright flexibilities (Section 3). On this basis, it will provide general and specific recommendations for future reforms (Section 4). Keywords: exceptions and limitations; statutory licenses; public domain; comparative mapping; EU harmonisation; fragmentation; policy recommendations
Arguments for the Lithuanian miestas 'town' not being a Slavism
No full textStraipsnyje išsakomi argumentai, kodėl žodį miestas būtų galima nelaikyti skoliniu, slavizmu. Straipsnį sudaro šeši skyriai. Pirmajame, "Įžangoje", pristatomas pats klausimas – seniausi žodžio miestas bei jo atitikmenų kitose baltų kalbose paminėjimai ir kalbininkų vieninga nuomonė jį esant slavizmą. Antrajame aptariama galima praslavų *město 'vieta' >'miestas' kilmė, bandymai jį etimologizuoti ir nustatytos sąsajos su kitų ide. kalbų žodžiais, tarp jų lie. mietas bei la. miet 'kalti mietų stačiatvorę'. Trečiajame ir ketvirtajame skyriuose parodoma būdinga semantinė raida nuo reikšmės 'aptvaras' iki reikšmių atitinkamai 'vieta' ir 'miestas'. Penktajame pateikiamas žodžio miestas galimas sklandus paaiškinimas lietuvių (baltų) kalbos priemonėmis (remiantis tuo pačiu veiksmažodžiu *mieti 'kalti mietų stačiatvorę', kaip jo būtojo laiko neveikiamosios rūšies dalyvis mie-sta-s). Galiausiai šeštajame skyriuje, pavadintame "Išvada: miestas gali nebūti slavizmas", persvarstomas ir atmetamas kaip nepakankamas vienintelis argumentas, dėl kurio kalbininkų, pradedant Kazimieru Būga, žodis laikomas slavizmu, – jo tarimas pietryčių ir šiaurės vakarų žemaičių tarmėse. Straipsnis iš dalies tarpdisciplininis: nagrinėjant pirmykščių miestų sąrangą pasitelkiami archeologijos argumentai, nagrinėjant 'vietos' sąvokos kilmę bei raidą – kultūrinės antropologijos ir t. t. Raktažodžiai: lie. miestas; slavizmų lietuvių kalboje klausimas; reikšmių 'vieta' ir 'miestas' susidarymas.The article maintains that, contrary to the linguists' unanimous assumption, the Lithuanian word miestas 'town' could not be a Slavism. The article consists of six parts. In the first one, the introduction, the very problem is identified. Part 2 focuses on the analysis of the Proto-Slavic *město 'place' >'town', previous attempts at its etymologisation are mentioned, and a connection to Lithuanian mietas 'pale, stake' and Latvian miet 'to pale, to stake up, enclose', among others, is indicated. Parts 3 and 4 show the characteristic semantic evolution from the meaning 'enclosure, paled up site' to the meanings 'place' and 'town', respectively. Section 5 gives a possible coherent explanation of the word miestas by means of the Lithuanian (Baltic) language without any resort to Slavic whatsoever (contrary to the Proto-Slavic *mesto, which cannot be explained independently). Finally, in part 6 (the conclusion), the single argument primarily proposed by Kazimieras Būga for the miestas to be a borrowing from Slavic is considered and refuted as not sufficient for such an assertion. Keywords: Lithuanian miestas 'town'; Slavisms in Lithuanian; semantic evolution of the meaning 'town'
Effect of health system performance on volatility during the COVID-19 pandemic: a neural network approach
No full textThe study proposes an assessment of the link between the performance of national health systems and volatility during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data from the World Health Organization was accessed regarding the Global Health Security Index of the states considered in the analysis as well as the categories based on which it is determined. To characterise volatility, a representative stock market index was considered for each of the 60 states analysed. Data processing was carried out using an artificial neural network. The main results show that: i) before the pandemic, the link between market volatility and the performance of national health systems was weak; ii) during the pandemic, the connection between the two variables is much stronger; iii) between the six categories that define the Global Health Security Index, norms, health, and prevention had the greatest influence on volatility. Keywords: volatility, neural network, Global Health Security Index, pandemic, World Health Organization
Behind the bench: unveiling the dynamic influence of scholars on the development of the reasoning of constitutional courts
No full textConstitutional courts, entrusted with the mission of protecting the supremacy of the constitution and having the power to eliminate legislative and executive acts from the legal system, play an important role in the law-making process. The official constitutional doctrine formulated in constitutional rulings becomes part of the living constitution, binding every state institution and individual. Therefore, the quality of constitutional reasoning must be beyond any doubt. This article argues that constitutional courts interpreting constitutional norms might benefit from the academic legal doctrine. The influence of academic research on constitutional case-law depends on the jurisdiction, the constitutional traditions, and the subject matter of each case. After comparing the constitutional jurisprudence of Romania and Lithuania, which feature entirely different attitudes towards the use of academic research in constitutional jurisprudence, the authors define different levels of scholarly impact on the resolution of constitutional justice cases, revealed through methods of judicial interpretation. The article concludes that the research-case-law partnership might contribute to the evolution of the legal system. High-quality research increases the quality of case-law, and its potential to be recognised as a source of law, even if indirect, increases through the authority that legislation based on it acquires. Keywords: constitutional review, constitutional justice, rule of law, constitutional doctrine, academic doctrine, judicial reasoning
Delphi method application for evaluation of innovative product development scenario
No full textThe authors had the idea to apply the Delphi method to evaluate innovative product development scenarios. For this purpose, questionnaires were prepared, and two rounds of the investigation were carried out, in which 30 experts participated as the respondents to evaluate factors related to innovative product development scenarios. A set of the factors and sub-factors to be assessed was selected for the research. This set was formed as the basis from the paper's authors' collected and summarised data. After analysis of obtained research results, it was found that the successful introduction of an innovative product to the market, strategic agility, and reduction of uncertainty scenario is favourable. Also, it was found that there is a significant difference in the experts' opinions on what parameters should be a priority. The options have to rely on a few experts' opinions to evaluate objectively and select the best innovative product development scenario. Then, using their average evaluation as a basis for possible options selection is good. Based on the research results, a model of innovative product development and implementation using scenarios was created. This model describes a possible scenario development path choice, scenario development, evaluation, selection, adaptation and implementation. In the article, the authors also suggest adopting the concept of green innovation in product development, as green innovation positively impacts the growth of the modern economy. Keywords: Delphi method; innovative product; development; scenario; green innovation