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Effect of animal-assisted reading activities on second grade students' reading motivation and skills
No full textVyraujant skirtingai tyrėjų nuomonei dėl svarbiausių skaitymo proceso formavimo veiksnių, taip pat ir dėl gyvūnų asistuojamųjų pratybų poveikio skaitant, atliktas tyrimas, kuriuo siekta palyginti skirtingo pobūdžio skaitymo įgūdžių gerinimo pratybų poveikį antros klasės mokinių skaitymo motyvacijai bei žodžių dekodavimo įgūdžiams. Suformuluoti šie tyrimo uždaviniai: 1) sukurti papildomo skaitymo ir skaitymo su gyvūnu grupėms pritaikytus metodus; 2) palyginti trijų grupių (I eksperimentinės, II eksperimentinės ir kontrolinės (III)) žodžių dekodavimo gebėjimų bei skaitymo motyvacijos rezultatus, gautus prieš ir po intervencijos; 3) palyginti I eksperimentinės, II eksperimentinės bei kontrolinės (III) grupių rezultatų pokyčius po eksperimento. Kaip tyrimo metodas pasirinktas tikrasis eksperimentas, kuriame sudarytos dvi eksperimentinės grupės (I grupė skaitė tekstus tyrėjai, II grupė – intervencijoms asistuojančiam šuniui) ir kontrolinė grupė (su ja papildoma veikla neužsiimta). Tyrimo rezultatai atskleidė, kad palyginus kiekvienos grupės rezultatus prieš ir po intervencijos / kontrolinio laikotarpio atskirai, nė vienos grupės dalyvių žodžių dekodavimo įgūdžiai, vidinė, išorinė motyvacija bei neigiamos nuostatos dėl skaitymo reikšmingai nepakito. Palyginus visų trijų grupių rezultatų po skaitymo pratybų pokyčius pastebėta, kad eksperimentinės II grupės dalyviams būdingas ryškesnis teigiamas neprasmingų žodžių dekodavimo gebėjimo pokytis, o eksperimentinės I grupės dalyviams – ryškesnis neigiamas neprasmingų žodžių dekodavimo gebėjimo pokytis nei likusiems tyrimo dalyviams. Išryškėjo eksperimentinės II grupės dalyvių po skaitymo pratybų reikšmingai suaktyvėjęs išorinės motyvacijos aspektas – socialinis (susijęs su skaitymu) elgesys, tuo tarpu kontrolinės grupės dalyviai pasižymėjo reikšmingai susilpnėjusiu socialiniu (susijusiu su skaitymu) elgesiu, lyginant su likusiais tyrimo dalyviais. Visų trijų grupių dalyviai po skaitymo pratybų pasižymėjo teigiamu prasmingų žodžių dekodavimo gebėjimo pokyčiu, tačiau reikšmingai tarpusavyje nesiskyrė. Nors šiame tyrime skaitymo šuniui pratybos nerodo reikšmingų motyvacijos ar neigiamų nuostatų dėl skaitymo pokyčių, tai teigiamai veikia skaitymo motyvaciją. Pagrindiniai žodžiai: skaitymo sunkumai, žodžių dekodavimas, skaitymo motyvacija, gyvūnų asistuojamoji terapija, gyvūnų asistuojamosios pratybos, gyvūnų asistuojamoji intervencija.As researchers have different opinions about the most important factors in the formation of the reading process, including the effects of animal-assisted activities on reading, a study was conducted, of which the purpose was to compare the effects of different types of reading skills improvement activities on the reading motivation and word decoding skills of second-grade students. The following research tasks were formulated: 1) to develop methods adapted to Additional Reading and Reading with an Animal groups; 2) to compare the results of word decoding abilities and the reading motivation of three groups (I experimental, II experimental, and III control), obtained before and after the intervention; 3) to compare changes in the results of the I experimental, II experimental and III control groups obtained after the experiment. A real experiment was chosen as the research method, consisting of two experimental groups (group I participants read texts for the researcher, group II read texts for dog-assisting interventions), and the control group (with whom no additional activities were performed). The results of the study showed that when comparing the results of each group before and after the intervention, word decoding skills, internal and external motivation, and negative attitudes, in terms of reading, did not change significantly. When comparing the changes in the results of all three groups obtained after reading activities, it was observed that the participants in the experimental group II had a greater positive change in the decoding ability of non-meaningful words, while the participants in the experimental group I were distinguished by a greater negative change in the decoding ability of non-meaningful words than the rest of the participants in the study. The participants in the experimental group II, after reading activities, were distinguished by a significant increase in respect of external motivation: social (reading-related) behaviour, and the participants in the control group were distinguished by a significantly weakened social (reading-related) behaviour compared to the rest of the participants in the study. The participants in all three groups were distinguished by a positive change in the decoding ability of meaningful words after the intervention, but this difference was not significant. Although in this study reading for dog activities do not show significant changes in the motivation or negative attitudes towards reading, they had a positive effect on reading motivation. Keywords: reading difficulties, animal-assisted activities, reading to a dog, additional reading activities, reading motivation, word decoding skills
Theoretical and practical aspects of the application of the promissory note
No full textVekselis, kaip vertybinis popierius, turi nemažai privalumų lyginant su kitais paskolos santykius įforminančiais dokumentais ir yra gan plačiai taikomas. Vekselio universalumą lemia tai, jog vekselis taikomas ir kaip prievolės įvykdymo užtikrinimo būdas ar kreditavimo bei atsiskaitymo įrankis. Be to, vekselis, kaip civilinių teisių objektas, gali būti perkamas, parduodamas, įkeičiamas, pagal vekselį kitaip perduodamos visos teisės. Vekselio davėjui nevykdant įsipareigojimų pagal išduotą vekselį, kreditoriui nereikia kreiptis į teismą, o atliekant būtinus, įstatyme numatytus veiksmus ir laikantis nustatytos tvarkos, vekselis tampa vykdomuoju dokumentu. Tad tinkamas vekselio institutą reglamentuojančių taisyklių taikymas yra būtina sąlyga, jog vekselis būtų efektyvus jo turėtojui. Straipsnyje analizuojama vekselio samprata, privalomi reikalavimai vekselio turiniui, formai, vekselio mokėjimo ir pateikimo apmokėti terminai ir tvarka, trumpai aptariamos vekselių rūšys. Akcentuojama vekselio pateikimo apmokėti termino svarba, užtikrinanti vekselio turėtojo galimybę pasinaudoti vekselio instituto privalumu, – išvengti teisminio proceso dėl neįvykdyto įsipareigojimo, o tai užtikrina greitesnį ir mažiau išlaidų reikalaujantį neteisminį procesą. Probleminiai klausimai išryškinami remiantis aktualia teismų praktika, kurioje išaiškintos iš vekselio kylančių reikalavimų patenkinimo galimybės vekselio turėtojui vekseliui netekus vertybinio popieriaus statuso, kadangi mokslinių tyrimų šiuo klausimu yra mažai. Tyrimui atlikti taikyti metodai: teisės aktų analizė, teismų praktikos analizė ir mokslinės literatūros analizė. Reikšminiai žodžiai: vertybinis popierius, vekselis, paskolos sutartis.A promissory note, as a security, has a number of advantages compared to other documents formalising loan relationships and is quite widely used. The universality of the promissory note is determined by the fact that the promissory note is also used as a way of ensuring the fulfilment of the obligation or as a crediting and settlement tool. In addition, a promissory note, as an object of civil rights, can be bought, sold, or pledged, or all rights are otherwise transferred according to the promissory note. If the issuer of the promissory note does not fulfil their obligations according to the issued promissory note, the creditor does not need to go to court. By performing the necessary steps provided by law and following the established procedure, the promissory note becomes an enforceable document. Therefore, the proper application of the rules governing the institution of the promissory note is a necessary condition for the promissory note to be effective for its holder. The article analyses the concept of a promissory note, mandatory requirements for the content and form of a promissory note, terms and procedures for payment and presentation of a promissory note. It briefly discusses the types of promissory notes. The importance of the deadline for submitting the bill of exchange for payment is emphasised, which ensures the possibility of the holder of the bill of exchange to use the advantage of the bill of exchange institute, i.e., to avoid legal proceedings due to an unfulfilled obligation, which ensures a faster and less expensive non-judicial process. Problematic issues are highlighted on the basis of actual court practice, which clarifies the possibilities of meeting claims arising from a promissory note for the holder of the promissory note after the promissory note loses its status as a security since there is little scientific research on this issue. The research methods used are the analysis of legal acts, court practice, and scientific literature. Keywords: security, promissory note, loan agreement
Čiurlionis and Feininger: two visions of musical painting
No full textStraipsnyje analizuojama dviejų didžių universalių XX a pradžios modernėjančios dailės ir muzikos atstovų – Čiurlionio ir vokiečių kilmės amerikiečių tapytojo Feiningerio – kūryba, sutelkiant dėmesį į jų menų integracijos koncepcijų lyginamąją analizę. Pirmiausia tekste glaustai aptariama, kuo savita Čiurlionio brandžiuoju sonatiniu periodu išryškėjusi tapybos ir muzikos sąveikos koncepcija. Vėliau pereinama prie analogiškos Feiningerio muzikalios tapybos koncepcijos analizės ir jos sąsajų su Mėlynojo raitelio grupuotės lyderių Kandinskio bei Klee koncepcijomis. Straipsnyje ypač išsamiai analizuojama, kaip Bacho fugų architektonika paveikė abiejų dailininkų muzikalią tapybą. Vėliau atliekama detalesnė lyginamoji Čiurlionio ir Feiningerio menų sąveikos koncepcijų analizė, išryškinami jų panašumai bei skirtumai. Raktažodžiai: Čiurlionis, Feiningeris, tapybos ir muzikos sąveika, architektonika, garsai, spalvos.The article offers a comparative analysis of the concepts of artistic integration of two influential figures in modern art and music in the early 20th century, Čiurlionis and the German-born American painter Feininger. It briefly examines Čiurlionis‘ unique concept of the interaction between painting and music during his mature sonata period. The analysis then shifts to Feininger‘s concept of musical painting, drawing parallels with Kandinsky and Klee, the leaders of the Blue Knight group. The influence of Bach‘s fugues on the musical painting of both artists is also highlighted. The article concludes with a detailed comparative analysis of Čiurlionis‘ and Feininger‘s concepts of artistic interaction, focusing on their common features and differences. Key Words: Čiurlionis, Feininger, interaction between painting and music, architectonics, sounds, colors
Lietuvos nuolatinės privalomosios pradinės karo tarnybos formavimo politinis diskursas
No full textPastaraisiais dešimtmečiais plėtojant demokratijos principus, įtvirtinant liberalaus teisingumo idealus ir vertybes bei neutralizuojant grėsmes tiek valstybių politikams, tiek piliečiams bei pačioms ginkluotosioms pajėgoms iššūkių kelia privalomosios pradinės karo tarnybos formavimo klausimas. Jis aktualus ir mokslininkams, vis gausėjant naujų tiriamų sričių. Pasibaigus šaltajam karui, nemaža dalis Europos valstybių sumažino nacionalines karines struktūras ir lėšas gynybai, nes vyravo požiūris, kad karo nebebus. Be to, liberaliose demokratijose ginkluotųjų pajėgų tikslas – politinėmis ir karinėmis priemonėmis užtikrinti visos visuomenės narių laisvę ir saugumą, o tai skatina privalomosios karo tarnybos, kaip „įpareigojančio pasiaukojimo“ formos, atmetimą. Po 2014 m. Rusijos įvykdytos Krymo aneksijos Ukraina ir Lietuva sugrąžino šaukimą į kariuomenę. Ir kitose Europos Sąjungos valstybėse viešojoje žiniasklaidoje atsinaujino politinės diskusijos dėl privalomosios karo tarnybos sugrąžinimo. Privalomosios karo tarnybos aktualumas skatina domėtis šiuolaikiniu jos formavimu, kuris gali būti apibūdinamas kaip daugialypis ir ginčytinas reiškinys, įtraukiantis įvairius veikėjus ir veiksnius, nes iš esmės privalomosios karinės tarnybos formavimas tampa politine užduotimi, kurią tenka spręsti politikams, per kuriuos gynybos ir saugumo politika įgyvendinama praktiškai. Svarbus aspektas – politinis diskursas, kuris mokslinėje literatūroje plačiai analizuojamas, tačiau bendrame karinės tarnybos formavimo kontekste tai dar santykinai nauja tema. Nors politinis diskursas yra tik vienas iš bendrą politinį suvokimą apie privalomąją pradinę karo tarnybą formuojančių veiksnių, jis, be abejonės, daro poveikį šios tarnybos tvarumui bei gynybos politikai ir praktikai nacionaliniu lygmeniu. Atlikto tyrimo radiniai leidžia teigti, kad per pastaruosius kelis dešimtmečius (1992–2020 m.) Lietuvos politinių partijų rinkiminėse programose privalomosios pradinės karo tarnybos tema dažniausiai buvo traktuojama paviršutiniškai, aiškaus, išsamaus požiūrio į šią tarnybą taip ir nepateikta. Pastebėtina, kad politinių partijų rinkimų programose apie privalomąją karo tarnybą 1992–2000 m. kalbama nedaug ir partijų pozicijos gana panašios, 2001–2010 m. vyksta prieštaringa kelių partijų diskusija dėl privalomosios karo tarnybos reikšmės, o nuo 2011–2020 m. apie tai kalbama daugiausia, tolygesnė tapo ir politinių partijų pozicija. Remiantis tyrimo duomenimis matyti, kad komunikuojamas gana siauras privalomosios karo tarnybos turinio spektras, atskleidžiantis formuojamą politinę dienotvarkę. Didesnis dėmesys skirtas karo prievolės įstatymui, šauktinių skaičiaus mažinimui (ar jų atsisakymui) arba tokios tarnybos palaikymui, atrankos as pektams, šauktinių būtinumo pagrindimui (geopolitinė situacija), jaunuolių savanorystei. Politinių partijų rinkiminėse programose dominuoja pasisakymai, demonstruojantys vieningą konservatorių požiūrį į privalomąją pradinę karo tarnybą, jie skiriasi nuo kitų partijų, besiorientuojančių į kintančius geopolitinius veiksnius, kurie lemia jų poziciją dėl tokios karo tarnybos formavimo. Politinių partijų rinkimų politinėse programose privalomoji pradinė karo tarnyba tyrimo laikotarpiu vertinta labiau teigiamai nei neigiamai. Visgi privalomosios karo tarnybos formavimo tema tapo ypač aktuali, siekiant atliepti su Rusija susijusią kintančią nacionalinio saugumo riziką, tai galimai rodo visuomenės nesaugumo požymius Lietuvoje. Galiausiai matyti tam tikra nestabilumo ar neapibrėžtumo dėl privalomosios pradinės karo tarnybos for mavimo Lietuvoje problema: trūksta politinių partijų gebėjimo įgyvendinti ilgalaikę tokios tarnybos strategiją tiek kokybiniu, tiek kiekybiniu aspektais. Pagrindiniai žodžiai: Lietuva, kritinė diskurso analizė, politinis diskursas, nuolatinė privalomoji pradinė karo tarnyba.In liberal democracies, the aim of the national armed forces is to protect the freedom and security of society as a whole by political and military means, which leads to the rejection of compulsory military service as an obligatory form of self-defence. However, in the context of shifting geopolitical stability, the subject of compulsory military service is growing in importance in the political discourse. The present paper analyses the political discourse on the formation of permanent compulsory initial military service in Lithuania, and places a particular focus on party programmes in elections held between 1992 and 2020. The content spectrum as regards permanent compulsory initial military service represented in the party programmes of Lithuanian political parties between 1992 and 2020 is scarce, and gives a sketchy image of the service. By communicating the risks associated with being limited to professional military service alone, the Conservatives make more frequent attempts than others at creating a political discourse on permanent compulsory initial military service. By contrast, other political parties focus on the circumstances associated with the geopolitical situation. Keywords: Lithuania, critical discourse analysis (CDA), political discourse, permanent compulsory initial military service
The Impact of digital transformation on entrepreneurial activity: empirical evidence from the European Union
No full textThe paper explores the impact of digital transformation (DT) on new business creation in the case of European Union member states over the period 2015–2020 by employing several econometric techniques such as Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and quantile regression (QR). The results of OLS regression indicate a positive and significant link between DT and entrepreneurial activity. However, the quantile regression results highlight a parameter heterogeneity in the effect of DT on entrepreneurial activity. Furthermore, the magnitude of the impact is greater at the higher size quantiles of the new business density distribution. Overall, the empirical findings highlight the key role of DT in developing public policies aimed to spur entrepreneurial activity. Thus, this paper brings significant contributions to the extant literature on the macro determinants of firm creation. Keywords: digital transformation, Digital Economy and Society Index, digital skills, digital public services, entrepreneurial activity, new business creation, European Union, quantile regression
Relationship between emotional intelligence and sports motivation in athletes
No full textStraipsnyje analizuojamas sportininkų motyvacijos dinamiškas konstruktas, kuris gali kisti, veikiant įvairiems veiksniams, tokiems kaip malonumo patyrimas, džiaugsmas, varžymasis, atitinkami lūkesčiai gali būti motyvuojantys veiksniai sportuoti ir siekti aukštų rezultatų. Rezultatai parodė, kad tirtų sportininkų emocinis intelektas (EI) yra aukštesnis nei vidutinis. Gauta, kad sportininkai labiausiai pasižymi integruota motyvacija, o mažiausiai jiems būdinga amotyvacija. Moterims, lyginant su vyrais, labiau būdingas aukštesnis EI. Sportininkės geriau nei vyrai vertina gebėjimą valdyti savo ir kitų emocijas bei jas suvokti. Vyrams statistiškai reikšmingai labiau nei moterims išreikšti visi sportinės motyvacijos tipai, išskyrus perkeltą motyvaciją. Nustatyta, kad tiriamųjų bendras EI ir EI dimensijos statistiškai reikšmingai susiję su vidine, introjekcine, sutapatinta ir perkelta motyvacija. Savo emocijų valdymas ir jų suvokimas atvirkštiniais ryšiais susiję su amotyvacija. Raktiniai žodžiai: emocinis intelektas, sportinė motyvacija, sportininkai.Athletes’ motivation is a dynamic construct that may change due to some factors. For example, the experience of pleasure, enjoyment, competition, and appropriate expectations factors to participate in sports and to achieve high performance (de Franco Tobar, Meurer, & Benedetti, 2013). However, emotional intelligence (EI) also plays a significant role, as athletes experience both positive and negative emotions when faced with achievement, stress, or competitive pressure during sport and competition, which is common in both youth (McCarthy, Allen, & Jones, 2013) and adult sport (Campo et al., 2018). Athletes’ EI may also manifest as an inability to express and manage emotions appropriately (e.g., unbridled anger, aggression, lack of control), particularly in competitive situations it can negatively affect both athletic performance and withdrawal from sporting activity. Meanwhile, the ability to understand and effectively manage emotions can influence interpersonal relationships within the team better sports performance, and enhance motivation to participate in sports (Ramajayam, 2017). Research purpose – to determine links between athletes’ emotional intelligence and sports motivation. The study involved 245 adult athletes from team sports. Among them were 109 men and 136 women. The mean age of the athletes was 21.8 ± 3.09 years. The following instruments were used in the study emotional intelligence was studied using Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale (Schutte et al., 1998). Sport motivation was investigated using The sport motivation scale II (Pelletier et al., 2013). Socio-demographic questions about athletes’ age, gender, and represented sport were also provided. Statistical data processing was used to analyse the results. Results. It was determined that the emotional intelligence of athletes is higher than average. It was found that athletes can be most characterised by integrated motivation and least characterised by motivation. Women are more likely to have higher EI compared to men. Women better than men value the ability to control the emotions of others and perceive them. Men all dimensions of sports motivation were statistically significantly higher than for women, except introjected motivation. It was determined that the overall EI and EI dimensions of the participant were statistically significantly related to internal, identified, and injected motivation. The dimensions of their emotion management and perception of emotion are inversely related to motivation. Keywords: emotional intelligence, sports motivation, athletes
Housing inequalities and housing provision for the youth in Lithuania
No full textThis paper discusses housing inequalities and housing provision for the youth (aged 18-35) in Lithuania. The study's theoretical background is based on housing inequalities and housing provision (affordability, accessibility, etc.). 1 209 young people aged 18-35 participated in the study. According to the survey data in this article, the subjective assessment of young people's housing (households of young people) covers several highly interrelated aspects: housing provision, housing autonomy, and housing differentiation by the income of youth in Lithuania. The research revealed that housing provision for the youth has become more complicated during the last decade. There is a lack of opportunities (and alternatives) for young people to purchase or rent suitable housing, and there are difficulties in becoming independent from parents/ guardians. Housing market instability and constantly rising housing (and real estate) prices limit accessibility to decent-quality housing for the youth. The scientific research is funded by the Lithuanian Science Council researcher’s group’s Project ‘Socio-economic Factors of Youth Life Chances Differentiation in Lithuania’ (Reg. No. S-MIP-22-42, contract date 18.03.2022). Keywords: housing inequalities, housing provision, residential autonomy, youth, Lithuania
Unveiling the development of the church of Our Lady of Consolation through archaeological excavations
No full textŠvč. Mergelės Marijos Ramintojos bažnyčia iki pastarojo meto buvo menkai tyrinėta paveldosaugos specialistų, o archeologiniai tyrimai joje ir artimiausioje jos aplinkoje pradėti tik 2020 metais. Iš ankstesnių vietovės archeologinių tyrimų rezultatų žinoma, kad bažnyčia pastatyta jau gerokai anksčiau apgyvendintoje vietovėje, XVIII a. statytosios vietoje būta ankstyvesnės cerkvės. Naujausi archeologiniai tyrimai įgalino nustatyti bažnyčios statybos ypatumus ir iki šiol neišlikusių priestatų tikslias vietas, iš dalies atskleisti jos pastato santykį su kitais netoliese buvusiais pastatais, statiniais, sužinota naujų faktų apie laidoseną bažnyčios aplinkoje. Tai leidžia ne tik apibendrinti naujai nustatytus faktus, bet ir numatyti tolesnes archeologinių tyrimų gaires. Reikšminiai žodžiai: archeologiniai tyrimai, varpas, Šv. Kozmo ir Damijono cerkvė, Švč. Mergelės Marijos Ramintojos bažnyčia.Until recently, the Church of Our Lady of Consolation has received limited attention from heritage conservation specialists, with archaeological excavations in the church and its immediate surroundings starting only in 2020. Previous excavations have revealed the existence of earlier settlements in the area, and it is known that a pre-existing Eastern Orthodox church stood on the site before the construction of the Catholic church in the 18th century. Archaeological excavations were initiated in prepa-ration for the repair and reconstruction of this unique single-tower Baroque church, which deviated from the typical architecture of Vilnius, and had been converted into a storage facility during the Soviet era. The works will involve excavating the ground during construction, thus one of the primary objectives of the ongoing archaeological excavation, initiated in 2020, is to understand the archaeological situation of this site. In 2020, five exploratory trenches were dug. The subsoil in the explored area lies at a depth ranging from 0.8 to 2.2 meters and more, and could not be reached in all trenches, with the cultural layer extending from 0.8 meters to over 3.4 meters thick. The earliest cultural layer horizons, dating from the end of the 14th century and the 15th cen-tury, were exclusive to trench 3. In trench 1, our excavations unearthed a bell from the 18th century, alongside human bones from disinterred graves. We were unable to reach the subsoil even at a depth of 2.4 meters from the basement floor. Meanwhile, trench 2 revealed a fragment of a brick-paved floor from the first half of the 20th century, which was left undisturbed. In the southern part of trench 3, the subsoil was reached at a depth of 80 cm. However, in another section, early cultural layer horizons were compromised by a farm pit or another excavation. Our excavation efforts revealed arched foundations of the church, complete with a bricked-up opening under the span of the arch. A small fragment of pavement or natural stone paving was found at the lower part of the foun-dation. Trench 4 proved fruitful, uncovering a previously unknown brick underground structure measuring 2 meters in width at an unknown length, potentially designed for burial, at a depth of approximately 1 m. Two graves from the 18th or 19th century were discovered in an expanded segment of trench 4, reaching the subsoil from a depth of 2.2 meters. Lastly, in trench 5, we encountered relatively well-preserved remains of a brick building dating back to the 16th century or the first half of the 17th century. The excavation further unveiled horizons of a cultural layer, believed to have formed in the 17th or 18th century. The subsoil was not reached in this particular trench. In 2021, extensive archaeological excavations were conducted near the south-western part of the church. Employing advanced archaeological methods, the primary objective was to pinpoint the foundation site of the no longer existing winter sacristy. The goal was to ascertain the precise location of this former church extension. Two digs were explored, revealing brick structures from the sacristy that aligned with the contemporary masonry of the church. Consequently, the quite accurate location of the sacristy could be determined. While the cultural layer and potentially archaeological structures in the church’s proximity suffered damage during the installation of underground engineering networks, there is a renewed focus on uncovering remnants of other structures once connected to the church. An all-encompassing research approach is considered the most promising avenue. Keywords: archaeological excavations, bell, Eastern Orthodox Church of Sts Cosmas and Damian, Church of Our Lady of Consolation
Potential of eurhythmy for developing students' social competence through movement and music
No full textTechnologijų ir individualizuoto turinio amžiuje, viena svarbiausių mokyklos bei neformalaus ugdymo institucijų misijų tampa savimonės ir savitvardos, empatiškumo, socialinio sąmoningumo ir teigiamų tarpusavio santykių kūrimo, atsakingo sprendimų priėmimo ir elgesio įvertinant pasekmes gebėjimų ugdymas, kurie sąryšyje sudaro socialinę kompetenciją (Sabaliauskas, Šukytė, 2021). Dalyvaujant muzikinėje veikloje dalyvių tarpusavio sąveiką stiprina tiek tradiciniai užsiėmimai, tiek ir rečiau organizuojamos muzikinės veiklos, tarp kurių paminėtina euritmija – muzikos mokymas naudojant judesį (Urista, 2016). Dinamiškomis veiksenomis paremta kinestetinės ir muzikinės veiklos sąjunga sukuria unikalias galimybes socialinei kompetencijai ugdyti. Šio straipsnio tikslas – pristatyti euritmiją, kaip meninio ugdymo sritį, efektyviai ugdančią mokinių socialinę kompetenciją. Straipsnyje aprašomas tyrimas, atskleidžiantis euritmijos pamokose dalyvaujančių mokinių ir mokytojų patirtis bei nuostatas. Tikslinės grupės interviu metodu apklaustų mokinių atsakymai atskleidžia, jog socialinis euritmijos pamokų aspektas mokiniams yra gerai suprantamas ir svarbus. Individualių interviu metu buvo apklausti keturi mokytojai, taikantys euritmijos metodiką pamokose, kurių atsakymai išryškina socialinės kompetencijos ugdymą kaip vieną iš prioritetinių euritmijos pamokos tikslų. Raktažodžiai: euritmija, socialinė kompetencija, judesys, muzika.Competence-based education is at the heart of contemporary education in Lithuania, enabling learners to acquire knowledge, skills and values (Cibulskas, Miseliūnaitė, 2020). In the age of technology and personalised content, one of the most important missions of schools and non-formal education institutions is the development of self-awareness and self confidence, empathy, social awareness and the development of positive relationships, responsible decision-making and behaviour assessing the consequences of the skills, which in relation constitute social competence (Sabaliauskas, Šukytė, 2021). There are few fields for which being together, agreeing and listening are more important than in music, whose social nature makes it a particularly favourable tool for developing social competence. In musical activities, the interaction between participants is strengthened by traditional activities as well as by less frequently organised musical activities, including eurhythmics, the teaching of music through movement (Urista, 2016). The union of kinaesthetic and musical activities based on dynamic activities creates unique opportunities for the development of social competence. The aim of this article is to present eurhythmics as an area of artistic education that effectively develops students' social competence. The paper describes a study that reveals the experiences and attitudes of students and teachers participating in eurhythmics lessons. Over the course of research, a focus group interview was conducted with two groups of choir singers of different age. Another method comprised individual interviews with four eurhythmics teachers in Lithuania and Austria, who expressed their views and motivation of choices in eurhythmics lessons they lead. Responses of children attending eurhythmics lessons reveal that the social aspect of eurhythmics lessons is well understood and important to the students. Responses of the teachers highlight the development of social competence as one of the priority areas of the eurhythmics lesson. ythmics lesson. Results of this research suggest three main conclusions, that competence-based learning is identified as one of the priorities of modern education in the documents setting the educational agenda. Among the competences to be developed, social competence is one of the most important, ensuring the successful functioning of the individual in the community, which is determined by emotional, cognitive and behavioural competences. Eurhythmics is a modern concept of music education, based on learning the rhythm, structures and expressions of music through movement. In E.J. Dalcroze's eurhythmics system, the educational process includes: 1) eurhythmics (developing the sense of time and rhythm through movement); 2) solfègé (developing inner hearing through singing and music writing exercises); 3) improvisation (developing free and spontaneous movement and musicianship skills). The main aim of E.J. Dalcroze's system is harmony of body, spirit and mind. Data analysis from empirical study allowed to reveal the peculiarities of the development of social competence of pupils in eurhythmics. The study showed that: a) the students who participated in the focus group interviews, reflecting on the tasks performed during the lessons, identified the development of knowledge and skills in elementary music theory, tactile and kinaesthetic senses, and personal competence as the most important aspects of their development. A significant number of informants also mentioned the development of social competence, thus suggesting that communication, cooperation, mutual understanding and group work are important aspects of a eurhythmics lesson; b) interviews with teachers revealed that the most important goals of teachers in eurhythmics lessons are to satisfy the student's natural need to move, to enrich music teaching with active teaching methods, to develop bodily sensorially, co-ordination and social skills, to develop students' music-making abilities and to encourage self-expression. According to the views of eurhythmics teachers, development of social competence has strongest links to the ability to make decisions about oneself; the ability to adequately understand the wishes, demands, expectations and rights of others; and the ability to understand social structures and to adapt one's own behaviour in relation to them. Keywords: eurhythmy, social competence, movement, music
Interface between the prevailing societal stereotypes and the formation of future teachers' professional identity
No full textStraipsnio aktualumą pagrindžia mokslinė praktinė problema, susijusi mokytojo profesija, kuri Lietuvoje išgyvena ne pačius populiariausius laikus, tačiau nemažai jaunų žmonių nusprendžia tapti pedagogais. Tai sudėtingas, kompleksinis procesas, kurio metu būsimas mokytojas bando apsibrėžti savo vaidmenį ir esybę. Straipsnyje pateikiami empirinio tyrimo rezultatai ir jų analizė, kurioje siekiama atskleisti, kaip visuomenėje vyraujantys stereotipai veikia būsimų pedagogų profesinį tapatumą. Teorinė analizė ir empirinio tyrimo rezultatai liudija, jog pagrindiniai veiksniai, darantys įtaką mokytojo įvaizdžiui, yra mokytojo bendravimo stilius, santykiai su ugdytiniais bei švietimo sistemos reformos. Nors stereotipai nėra esminė kliūtis, siekiant būsimos profesinės karjeros, tačiau dauguma pedagogikos studijų krypties studentų, dalyvavusių tyrime, savo profesinį tapatumą kuria pasitikėdami savimi ir remdamiesi vidine motyvacija. Respondentai taip pat pabrėžia, kad jų norą rinktis mokytojo profesiją lėmė vidinis apsisprendimas ir asmeniniai lūkesčiai bei noras dalintis žiniomis. Pagrindiniai žodžiai: stereotipai, pedagogikos studijų krypties studentai, profesinė tapatybė.The relevance of the topic. Even though teaching as a profession is not living its best times in Lithuania, many young people still decide to become teachers. It is a complex process during which a future teacher tries to define their role and existence. Therefore, it is important to assess the reasons that led to this decision, motivation, prevailing societal stereotypes, and the actual fulfilment that comes with this profession. Research problem. Future teachers often struggle to construct a clear professional identity amidst the conflicting images and stereotypes prevalent in society and media. While pedagogical studies focus on subject specialization, the conscious development of a professional identity is often overlooked. The perpetuation of teaching stereotypes could be mitigated by fostering self-awareness among future teachers through both formal education and extracurricular activities. Research object – interface between the prevailing stereotypes and the professional identity of future teachers. Research aim - to reveal the interface between the prevailing societal stereotypes and the professional identity of future teachers. Research tasks: 1. To reveal the concept of the prevailing stereotypes in society. 2. To present the phenomenon of the professional identity of educators. 3. To investigate the interface between the prevailing stereotypes in society and the formation of the professional identity of students in the field of pedagogy. Research methodology. Research context. Klaipėda State College has won the funding by State Studies Foundation for the priority topics; as a result, starting in May 2024 the Department of Education of Klaipėda State College has initiated a project “Overcoming societal stereotypes to enhance the professional identity of pedagogy students.” The goal of the project – is to promote students' collaboration and develop their competencies. In the beginning of the project a joint student research group was formed, consisting of members from Klaipėda State College, Kaunas College, Panevėžys College, and Klaipėda University. The group was led by PhD.Giedrė Slušnienė who conducted the research. “Strategies for Overcoming Societal Stereotypes to Strengthen the Professional Identity of Educators.” The research was conducted from July to August 2024. The aim of the research – is to investigate the interface between prevailing societal stereotypes and the professional identity of students in the field of pedagogy. The research data was collected using a quantitative research method – an online survey. The research was conducted using an online survey platform "Google Forms." The geography of the research encompasses both national and institutional levels. The study involved respondents from Klaipėda State College, Kaunas College, Panevėžys College, Klaipėda University and Vytautas Magnus University, as well as students of pedagogy programs who are already working in various public and private schools and institutions of early education. The research group consisted of 207 participants, selected based on demographic criteria. A simple random sampling method was used for the selection of participants. In accordance with research ethics, participants were guaranteed anonymity and confidentiality. The principles of research ethics were upheld, including: reliability, integrity, respect, and accountability. The processing of research data was conducted using Microsoft Excel. Conclusions: 1. The first lessons about prevailing stereotypes in society begin very early. The media significantly contributes to the spread of stereotypes, as it must cater to societal needs by focusing on popular images and representations from the collective unconscious. The professional image of educators is stereotyped, creating a distorted behaviour model. This raises the issue that a young person who decides to pursue a teaching career and is constructing their professional identity may become ‘lost’ among these images. 2. It is difficult to determine which specific traits contribute to and influence the professional identity of a teacher. The formation of a teacher's professional identity is a continuous process that begins during their studies and continues as they accumulate professional experience and solidify their professional roles. The analysis showed that a future educator's understanding of what they want to do in life after graduation is directly related to their efforts to explore job opportunities and to test themselves in pedagogical activities. 3. The results of the empirical study indicate that the main factors influencing the image of a teacher are the teacher's communication style, relationships with students, and reforms in the education system. Although stereotypes are not a fundamental barrier to pursuit of a future career, the majority of the participants of the study build their professional identity based on self-confidence and intrinsic motivation. Respondents also emphasize that their desire to choose the teaching profession has been driven by an internal decision, personal expectations, and their wish to share knowledge. Keywords: stereotypes, pedagogy students, professional identity