“Lituanistika”, International Research Database
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Another study of the glosses to the Missal (1501)
No full text[...] Net ir būdami kiek vėlesni, Mišiolo lietuviški įrašai gana reikšmingi mūsų senosios raštijos tyrimams. Jie papildo negausų XVI–XVII a. pradžios Vilniaus rašomosios kalbos tekstų inventorių ir liudija savitas rašybos tendencijas. Mišiolą paviešinus Lietuvos skaitmeninto kultūros paveldo portale atsirado proga ir galimybė atidžiau panagrinėti pačius Mišiolo įrašus. Šiuo straipsniu siekiama patikslinti glosas (jų perskaitymą) ir skaičių; aptarti naujai pastebėtus įrašus, taip pat pateikti naujų duomenų glosų datavimui. [...]The article narrows down the specification of the Lithuanian entries published by Sigitas Narbutas and Zigmas Zinkevičius in 1989 that had been found in the Latin Missale ad usum romane ecclesie (1501) and introduces a number of newly discovered glosses that make an addition to the compilation. The study found the Missal to contain a total of 95 glosses (158 words and 176 forms) that are used to translate certain parts in the Bible. Five cases that Narbutas and Zinkevičius considered dubious have been revised and updated with ne knowledge: three of them are Lithuanian words or phrases – kunʃcʒiais, niemielaʃsirdingai; o beda; Kaip waikvi numirvʃiá iß ʒivato matijnaσ gimvʃiam; two instances constitute text written in foreign languages – Lat. uiuere; Pol. dʒiedʒijnij. Two entries now come with an indication of conjecture: the participial ending dijncivs; the prepositional compound or loanword precʒa. The five glosses that have been newly observed are these: ape piktadeias ~ apie piktadėjas, pakolai, ivadijmo ~ įvedimo (įvadymo, įvadijimo), ʒemie₉₉ ~ žemėjejus (žemėjijus), ßakiełaes ~ šakelės. The entry ivadijmo represents a special term referring to a holiday of Virgin Mary. The grapheme in the entry ßakiełaes, just like the that occurs in some of the other glosses, is not typical of the eastern variant of the written language; these charac ters – as probably does the definite locative adjective ʒemie₉₉ (and some forms of the glosses that do not carry the typical eastern characteristics) – testify that at least one of the authors of the entries had been closely connected with the Kėdainiai region and its written texts, and perhaps the tradition of Lithuania Minor. The links that the glosses have with the tradition of Polish biblical texts made it possible to narrow down their dating. Most of the glosses ante quem date back to around 1580s, predating Jakub Wujek's texts
Shipbuilding terms from the manuscript of Chyliński's NOVUM TESTAMENTUM
No full textThe article discusses thirteen entries in the manuscript of Chyliński’s translation of the New Testament that can be attributed to shipbuilding terminology: arklinas, bartos, krywułey, paras, Reanes, rudelis, rupa, ʃelewiney, sparey, stoba, styrbarkey, trielbanga and zieza. The majority of these words is glossed in Polish, one in Latin (krywułey), and three (Reanes, sparey, trielbanga) have no indication of meaning. Most of the lemmas have not yet been recorded lexicographically or only in meanings other than those used here. The study analyses the word forms morphologically and aims at a better understanding of their meaning. It investigates their etymology and word history against the background of shipbuilding terminology in the Baltic Sea region of the 17th century. Even though many of the terms are words borrowed from Polish or Germanic, possibly through the mediation of Polish, it turns out that hardly any of the word forms are linguistically unambiguous and that hybrid formations, crossbreeding and etymological folk reinterpretations must be taken in consideration
[Kražių skerdynės 1893 m. lapkričio 10 d. Dangiras Mačiulis, Darius Staliūnas] recenzija
No full textOlder adults' digital inclusion: new challenges for Lithuanian social policy
No full textLithuania, as most of the EU countries, has an aging population. At the beginning of 2019, there were 552.4 thousand elderly people (aged 65 and older), or 19.8 per cent of the total resident population. Each seventh man and each fourth woman were aged 65 and older ‘(Official statistics portal, 2019). The aim of the paper is to investigate possibilities of Lithuanian social policy to meet older adults’ digital needs for better inclusion and active ageing. Paper is based on secondary data analysis including legal documents (EU and National Programmes, Strategies, Orders), scientific research, statistical (of older adults’ population) and other data (results of national research). A significant proportion of older adults lack the skills to use digital technology, which are essential for successful functioning in society. The rapid development of technology and the recent Covid-19 pandemic have accelerated the transference of many services on the Internet. The importance of the use of technology for older adults was particularly evident during the Covid 19 pandemic. Various research works revealed that the telephone, and less often the computer, had become the main working tool for a significant proportion of close care workers. This situation points to a new need for the development of digitised social services and a new approach to social policy. Keywords: digital inclusion, digital transformation, older adults, policy
Professional competencies in social work concerned with alcohol use problems in Lithuania: moving beyond "know-how"
No full textAims: There has been relatively little research on professional competencies in social work with individuals with alcohol use problems. The present study investigates the patterns of competencies and abilities that constitute different competence dimensions in this field of social work. Additionally, the study attempts to confirm the validity and assess the reliability in the use of the Perceived Social Work Competence Scale (PSWCS) for measuring professional competencies in Lithuania. Exploratory factor analysis was used for both purposes. Methods: First, the translated scale's reliability and validity were examined, after which an interpretative competence dimension analysis was performed. Results: The study shows that the translated scale, consisting of 30 items covering eight competence dimensions (consultation, emotional support, case management, professional resilience, retrospective consultation, team working, community work and relationship formation), demonstrates strong reliability. Conclusions: The study provides insight into the ways in which Lithuanian social workers employ a combination of procedural and meta-competencies with field-specific characteristics in their work with alcohol use problems. Keywords: alcohol consumption, holistic competence, professional competencies, social work with individuals using alcohol, substance misuse
State strategy of international art exhibitions in interwar Lithuania 1918-1940
No full textThe Republic of Lithuania was one of several young nation-states that re-established or proclaimed their statehood in the aftermath of the First World War, following the dissolution of empires in Europe. The quest for cultural identity and attempts at its representation within the country, in the region, and on the international stage was the crucial element in the nation-building process, where cultural diplomacy played a pivotal role. For Lithuania, as for most European countries of that era, exhibitions, especially art exhibitions or art sections in the case of world shows (for instance, the Expo 1937 in Paris or the New York World’s Fair in 1939), served as a prominent means of expressing its identity. An overview of the Lithuanian state art exhibition strategy, the dynamics of its organizational process, the exhibition content, and their geographical reach are discussed in the article. To comprehensively grasp Lithuania’s cultural strategy and to reconstruct the network of its artistic connections, foreign art exhibitions organized at the state level and the acquisition of artifacts from these exhibitions for Lithuania’s national art collection, the M. K. Čiurlionis Art Gallery, are briefly reviewed as well. Keywords: international art exhibition; cultural diplomacy; Lithuania; nationalism; identity; representation; modernism
The Economic and financial health of Lithuanian logistics companies
No full textIn recent decades, the importance of transport and logistics companies has increased considerably, especially for Lithuania, where this sector is on the rise and creating benefits for various users. Therefore, this study aims to analyse the economic–financial situation of transport and logistics companies operating in Lithuania, focusing mainly on their financial risk, probability of bankruptcy, and level of solvency. To achieve these results, 416 companies were analysed based on their data from 2022. The employed methodology included descriptive analysis, quartile ratio analysis, the use of Altman’s Z-score model to predict bankruptcy, and, finally, logistic regression analysis to answer the hypotheses. The results show that the companies analysed in this study were highly profitable, with a high level of solvency and liquidity that did not compromise their continuity in the market. These results were confirmed by the Z-score analysis. In addition, it was observed that the age and size of the companies did not affect their survival on the market. This study presents results that are of great interest for the academic literature, as well as for the management of logistics companies. The originality of the study lies in its relevance and timeliness, presenting robust results for different stakeholders, such as policymakers or new entrepreneurs, among others. Keywords: Z-score; bankruptcy; logistic companies; solvency; economic–financial analysis
Trends of alcohol-attributable deaths in Lithuania 2001-2021: epidemiology and policy conclusions
No full textBackground: Lithuania, a Baltic country in the European Union, can be characterized by high alcohol consumption and attributable burden. The aim of this contribution is to estimate the mortality burden due to alcohol use for the past two decades based on different relative risk functions, identify trends, and analyse the associations of alcohol-attributable burden with alcohol control policies and life expectancy. Methods: The standard methodology used by the World Health Organization for estimating alcohol-attributable mortality was employed to generate mortality rates for alcohol-attributable mortality, standardized for Lithuania’s 2021 population distribution. Joinpoint analysis, T-tests, correlations, and regression analyses including meta-regressions were used to describe trends and associations. Results: Age-standardized alcohol-attributable mortality was high in Lithuania during the two decades between 2001 and 2021, irrespective of which relative risks were used for the estimates. Overall, there was a downward trend, mainly in males, which was associated with four years of intensive implementation of alcohol control policies in 2008, 2009, 2017, and 2018. For the remaining years, the rates of alcohol-attributable mortality were stagnant. Among males, the correlations between alcohol-attributable mortality and life expectancy were 0.90 and 0.76 for Russian and global relative risks respectively, and regression analyses indicated a significant association between changes in alcohol-attributable mortality and life expectancy, after controlling for gross domestic product. Conclusions: Male mortality and life expectancy in Lithuania were closely linked to alcohol-attributable mortality and markedly associated with strong alcohol control policies. Further implementation of such policies is predicted to lead to further improvements in life expectancy. Keywords: alcohol, attributable deaths, fully attributable, partially attributable, alcohol-attributable deaths, gender, trends, alcohol control policies, Lithuania
Assessment of the Lithuanian pig farming sector via prospective farm size
No full textScientists, politicians, and practitioners are debating the current structure of pig farms in Lithuania, as medium and small farms have almost disappeared over the past decade. The debated problem is whether the revitalization of medium and small pig farms would sustainably contribute to self-sufficiency in pork production. Therefore, this research aims to determine which farms in terms of size could offer the best prospect for Lithuania. In order to achieve this aim, the multicriteria evaluation method TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution) was used. The production and economic indicators of the Lithuanian pig farming sector in Lithuania and in the context of the selected EU countries of Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Estonia, Spain, France, Latvia, Netherlands, Austria, and Poland were analyzed. The main research period was 2004–2022. The multicriteria evaluation led to the conclusion that Danish pig farms were the best-managed. Large industrial farms were found to dominate in that country. Large pig farms (approximately two thousand sows) appeared as the best prospect in Lithuania: they took first place in the years examined (2016–2021). The criterion estimate of their assessed indicators was much higher than that of the medium (100 sows) and small (20 sows) farms. The main reasons are significantly higher labor productivity, lower cost, lower price, and better production indicators. Large pig farms generate relatively higher incomes and can meet the increasing environmental requirements and devote a larger part of the income to wages. Further research should consider the European Green Deal and the Farm to Fork Strategy, which are of great importance to farms and policymakers. Keywords: pig farming; farm size; TOPSIS
Challenges of resilience training for military personnel in the Lithuanian Armed Forces
No full textResilience is a complex phenomenon that results from the natural human response to adapt to change through the ability to cope with or respond to threats. In today’s security challenges, military personnel are responsible for the defense of their country, and exposure to unfamiliar situations can harm the ability of military personnel to perform successfully. Therefore, this study aims to identify the challenges in resilience training for the Lithuanian Armed Forces military personnel. The study uses a qualitative research method and an in-depth interview. Eight military psychologists participated in the study. The selection criteria for the informants were currently employed/serving in the military with at least five years of experience and participating in resilience training. The results revealed that there has been significant recent attention to and need for resilience training in the Lithuanian Armed Forces, but that resilience development is fragmented. The findings show that the lack of a unified concept of resilience in the Lithuanian Armed Forces complicates the development of a unified resilience training system. Summarizing the organizational aspects of resilience training for military personnel in the Lithuanian Armed Forces, the following key challenges were identified. There is a lack of leadership support for resilience education; the need for the development of trainers or responsible persons involved in resilience education; the lack of a clear perception of the value of resilience education among trainers; the need for unification and systematization of the education system through the updating/creation of the use of a system for feedback and evaluation. Keywords: resilience, resilience training, challenges of resilience training, military personnel, Lithuanian Armed Forces