“Lituanistika”, International Research Database
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Consumer engagement in sustainable consumption: do demographics matter?
No full textThis study investigates the relationship between internal and external factors of proenvironmental and pro-social engagement, sustainable consumption behaviour and personal characteristics such as age, gender, financial situation and level of education in the Lithuanian population. A quantitative method was used to collect data from 904 respondents in Lithuania. The study results suggest that women are more concerned about pro-environmental and pro-social issues. In addition, pro-environmental commitment, biospheric values, personal norms and perceived responsibility were important for women. Meanwhile, egoistic values, self-efficacy, social norms, biospheric values, and attachment to place were identified as more important for men. The results reveal that older age increasingly correlates with a stronger expression of place attachment, egoistic values and self-efficacy, pro-environmental and pro-social engagement, and sustainable consumption behaviour. The results of this empirical study allow for identifying the determinants that have the most significant impact on men and women or different age groups. Knowledge of factors that significantly impact pro-environmental and pro-social engagement, which promotes sustainable consumption behaviour as a mediator, can allow policymakers, community representatives or leaders to organise social campaigns and/or provide guidelines for project activities. Keywords: engagement in sustainable consumption, determinants of engagement in sustainable consumption, sustainable consumption behaviour, demographics
Family with deaf or hard-of-hearing parents and hearing children: a case study of two families
No full textPristatomame tyrime analizuojama dviejų kurčiųjų ar neprigirdinčiųjų tėvų ir girdinčiųjų vaikų šeimų kalbų politika. Norą tyrinėti šią temą lėmė tai, kad šeimų, kurias sudaro kurtieji tėvai ir girdintieji vaikai, kalbinė situacija yra neaptarta arba medžiaga yra neprieinama nemokantiems lietuvių gestų kalbos. Medžiagai rinkti buvo pasirinktas kokybinis analizės metodas: giluminis pusiau struktūruotas interviu su abiem tėvais atskirai ir visos šeimos bendrų veiklų stebėjimas. Pasirinkti tokie interviu analizės aspektai: išankstinis kalbų politikos strategijų aptarimas prieš gimstant vaikui ir jo kaita augant, elgesys ginčijantis ir sudėtingesnės kalbinės situacijos, t. y. buvo žiūrima, kokios yra įprastos komunikacinės kompensacinės strategijos. Išanalizavus duomenis, matyti, kad specialių strategijų šeimos prieš susilaukdamos vaikų nekūrė, tačiau, vaikams gimus, buvo priimti tam tikri sprendimai remiantis kitų, tokioje pačioje situacijoje esančių, šeimų patirtimi. Tačiau, skirtingai nei ankstesnės kartos, kurtieji tėvai nebandė kalbėti garsu su girdinčiaisiais vaikais, nes jau dabar žinoma, kad toks būdas nėra veiksmingas. Išanalizavus tiriamąją medžiagą, galima daryti išvadą, kad abi šeimos nesistengė specialiai vaikų mokyti nei lietuvių garsinės, nei lietuvių gestų kalbos. Ginčijantis didžiausia problema šeimose yra vaikų manipuliacija tėvų klausos sutrikimu, taip pat matyti, kad tiriamosios šeimos šią problemą sprendžia skirtingai. Iškilus komunikacijos keblumams, daugiausia naudojamos bendradarbiavimo strategijos: lūpų skaitymo, tarimo balsu taktikos, pasitelkiama lietuvių gestų kalbos abėcėlė, kreipiasi pagalbos į girdinčius artimuosius, pasitelkiama perfrazavimo strategija. Tačiau paminėta ir nebendradarbiavimo strategija – ignoravimas, vengimas. Šis tyrimas galėtų būti įdomus ir naudingas taikomosios kalbotyros srityje dirbantiems tyrėjams, kurčiųjų ir girdinčiųjų šeimoms, socialiniams darbuotojams, dirbantiems su tokiomis šeimomis, mokytojams. Raktažodžiai: kurčiųjų ar neprigirdinčiųjų ir girdinčiųjų šeima, daugiakalbystė, lietuvių gestų kalba, šeimos kalbų politika, kompensacinės komunikacinės strategijos.The present study analyses the language policy of two families of deaf or hard-of-hearing parents and hearing children. The desire to explore this topic was motivated by the fact that the linguistic situation of families consisting of deaf parents and hearing children is either not explored or the material is inaccessible to those who do not know Lithuanian sign language. A qualitative method of analysis was chosen to collect the material: in-depth semi-structured interviews with both parents individually and observation of joint activities of the whole family. The aspects of the interview analysis were: pre-planning of language policy strategies before the birth of the child and changes as the child grows up, behavior during arguing or in more complicated linguistic situations, i.e. looking at what are the usual compensatory strategies of communication. The analysis of the data shows that families have not developed specific linguistic strategies before having children, but some decisions has been made after the birth of the children, based on the experience of other families in the same situation. However, unlike previous generations, deaf parents have not tried to talk to their hearing children because it is already known that this is not effective. The analysis of the data also shows that both families have not made any special efforts to teach their children either Lithuanian Language or Lithuanian Sign Language. The biggest problem in families is the manipulation of children by their parents’ hearing impairment, and it is also evident that the families in the study deal with this problem differently. When communication difficulties arise, the most common strategies used are cooperative: lip reading, voice pronunciation tactics, use of the alphabet, seeking help from hearing relatives, and the use of paraphrasing strategies. However, the non-cooperative strategies also were mentioned: ignoring, avoiding. This study could be of interest and benefit to researchers working in the field of applied linguistics, families of deaf and hearing people, social workers working with deaf and hearing families and teachers. Keywords: deaf or hard-of-hearing parents and hearing children, multilingualism, sign language, family language policy, compensatory strategies of communication
Administration of public punishments to thieves by the Vilnius castle court (in the second half of the 18th century)
No full textLietuvos Respublikos baudžiamasis kodeksas vagystę apibrėžia kaip svetimo turto pagrobimą, už kurį gali būti baudžiama bauda, viešaisiais darbais, areštu, laisvės apribojimu arba laisvės atėmimu (iki aštuonerių metų). Tai vienas dažniausiai padaromų nusikaltimų ne tik Lietuvoje, bet ir kitur pasaulyje. Labai paplitęs šis nusikaltimas buvo ir Lietuvos Didžiojoje Kunigaikštystėje (toliau – LDK), bet ši problematika lieka mažai tirta, kiek daugiau dėmesio susilaukė tik bausmių nusikaltėliams (taip pat ir vagims) taikymas. Kalbant apie bajoriškus teismus – buvo tirta mirties bausmės reglamentacija ir jos taikymas Raseinių ir Vilniaus pilies teismuose XVI–XVIII a. Taip pat iš dalies buvo tirta viešųjų bausmių taikymo Kauno ir Trakų pilies teismuose XVIII a. antroje pusėje praktika. Šio straipsnio tikslas yra aptarti viešųjų bausmių taikymo vagims praktiką centrinės LDK vaivadijos – Vilniaus pilies teisme XVIII a. antrojoje pusėje – nuo šio teismo veiklos atkūrimo (1765 m.) po paskutinio tarpuvaldžio iki jo panaikinimo (1792 m.). Siekiama išsiaiškinti, kiek ji atitiko valstybėje galiojusius įstatymus ir kiek joje atsispindėjo XVIII a. antroje pusėje plitę baudžiamosios teisės humanizavimo postulatai. Tyrime remtasi Lietuvos valstybės istorijos archyvo (toliau – LVIA) Vilniaus pilies teismo fonde saugomomis bylomis, šio teismo priimtais sprendimais, įrašytais į švarraštines tvirtinamųjų aktų ir juodraštines protokolų bei bylų registrų knygas. Raktiniai žodžiai: Vilniaus pilies teismas, vagystės, viešosios bausmės, Trečiasis Lietuvos Statutas.The aim of this article is to discuss the practice of administering public punishments to thieves in the court of Vilnius Castle in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania’s (GDL) central voivodeship in the second half of the 18th century. The aim is to find out to what extent this practice complied with the laws that were in force in the state at that time and to what extent it reflected the humanisation postulates of criminal law that were spreading in the 18th century. The study is based on the court files of the Vilnius Castle Court stored in the Lithuanian State Historical Archives. The Third Statute of Lithuania, approved in 1588, and its provisions regarding the crime of theft still remained in force in the second half of the 18th century. This legal code provided for death, mutilation and flogging for those convicted of theft. In the second half of the 18th century, 36 thieves (all men, one of whom, Kazimieras Jančiauskas, was punished twice) were sentenced to public punishment by the Vilnius Castle Court. The most frequent punishment (49%) was flogging (18 cases), in some cases with the additional punishments of banishment from the city (8 cases) and branding (2 cases). Ten thieves (27%) were sentenced to death, which, as is common in such cases, had to be carried out on the gallows. Nine thieves (24%) were sentenced to fixed-terms (3 to 10 years) or indeterminate (life) prison sentences, to be carried out outside the GDL in Kamjaneć-Podilśkyj. Thus, in cases of theft, the Vilnius Castle Court applied rather severe punishments, basically referring to the relevant norms of the Third Statute of Lithuania, and also, apparently, partly following the tradition of dealing with such cases (in cases where the punishment of flogging was imposed instead of the death penalty). An exception was the use of imprisonment, which was not provided for in the laws of the GDL, but in this case it was only episodic as it was applied in a single sentence in 1782 and originated from the regulation issued by the Permanent Council. Instead of corporal punishments (mostly the death sentence), the philosophers of the Englightenment era proposed the use of imprisonment which would allow to realise the newly defined concept of the repressional punishment – the resocialization of the offender, as well as to implement the principles of proportionality of punishment to the crime committed and the utility of punishment (by using the convicted person for labour). These principles were largely absent from the Vilnius Castle Court’s sentences in the theft cases (except in one case). It is indeed the case that the Court sometimes did make reference to the defendants’ possibility to reform themselves; however, it did not arise from the ideas of Enlightement. The main objectives of punishment still remained the restoration of justice and prevention of crime. As many as 23 out of the 36 convicts (64 per cent) were to be eliminated from society to varying degrees (10 were to lose their lives, 8 were to be banished, 5 were to be sentenced to life imprisonment); therefore it is not possible to talk about resocialisation in this case. The principle of proportionality of punishment was also apparently not implemented when in similar cases the convicted received a different number of lashes. All this can probably be explained by society’s attachment to its own law (in particular to the Third Lithuanian Statute) and to a judicial practice which got established throughout centuries. Keywords: the Castle Court of Vilnius, thefts, public punishments, the Third Statute of Lithuania
Valuable social capital: arguments supporting the need for the pastoral care profession
No full textStraipsnyje analizuojama sielovada kaip reiškinys formuojantis profesinę veiklą, atskleidžiant sritis ir funkcines veiklas, susijusias su dvasinės pagalbos poreikiu. Keičiantis laikmečiui poreikis sielovadai stiprėja, nes asmenų grupės, kurioms reikalingas dvasinis palaikymas, nuolat plečiasi. Ypač aktualios sielovados klientų ir jų artimųjų problemos yra senėjimas, sunkios nepagydomos ligos, mirtys, socialinė atskirtis, priklausomybės. Sielovados profesija straipsnyje pateikiama kaip išskirtinė veikla, grindžiama vertybiniu socialiniu kapitalu, vienijančiu panašių vertybių žmones, stiprinanti tarpusavio pasitikėjimą. Reikšminiai žodžiai: dvasinis asistentas, sielovada, dvasingumas, vertybinis socialinis kapitalas.The article investigates pastoral care as a catalyst in shaping professional practice, elucidating its various realms and operational facets pertinent to the demand for spiritual guidance. As societal dynamics evolve, the imperative for pastoral intervention amplifies, paralleling the continuous expansion of demographics seeking spiritual solace. Particularly salient among the challenges confronting clients and their kin are issues surrounding aging, profound and incurable illnesses, bereavement, societal alienation, and addiction. The profession of pastoral care is portrayed as a distinctive vocation founded upon invaluable social resources, fostering cohesion among individuals sharing congruent values while fortifying interpersonal trust. Keywords: spiritual assistant, pastoral care, spirituality, valuable social capital
Complex posttraumatic stress disorder in adolescence: A two-year follow-up study
No full textBackground. Complex posttraumatic stress disorder is a new diagnosis in the 11th edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11). There is a need for a better understanding of complex PTSD in children and adolescents. Objective The study aimed to estimate the factors associated with chronic complex PTSD versus recovery of complex PTSD in adolescents in a 2-year follow-up study. Method. In total, 66 adolescents, mean age 14.5, 73% female, identified as having complex PTSD using self-report at baseline recruited from a general population sample, were included in the study. The International Trauma Questionnaire - Child and Adolescent Version (ITQ-CA) was used for the assessment of complex PTSD. Results. Overall, 36% of the study sample has been identified as having chronic complex PTSD over 2 years, 10% met the criteria for PTSD at a 2-year follow-up, and 54% recovered. A higher risk for chronic complex PTSD was associated with exposure to more traumatic events and more life-stressors over the 2 years, low social network, low positive social support, bullying at school, and loneliness. Conclusion. The study found that around one-third of the traumatized youth had a prolonged trajectory of complex PTSD symptoms, which were associated with negative life experiences and social difficulties. Keywords: Complex PTSD, adolescence, ICD-11, trauma, longitudina
Active labour market policies for rural NEETs in Lithuania: a case of rural municipalities
No full textThis article aims to analyse active labour market policy efficiency for rural young NEETs integration into the labour market in the socioeconomic context of rural municipalities in Lithuania. For the empirical analysis, the administrative data of the public employment service concerning active labour market policy measures, e.g., training and mobility support, subsidised employment, and support for establishing or adapting workplaces of 2018 and 2022, as well as Lithuanian statistics data of 2018 and 2020 are used. The socio‐economic environment of rural municipalities was analysed using the economic indicators (complex index), public transport accessibility, average wage, and free vacancies indicators. The recipient’s integration into employment after six months of participation in active labour market policy measures is analysed. The data revealed poor economic indicators, undeveloped public transport, lower average salaries, and a need for more vacancies in rural municipalities. The integration into employment fell significantly in two rural municipality clusters after the Covid‐19 pandemic. Keywords: active labour market policies; Lithuania; public employment services; rural municipalities; rural NEETs
Law as a gift and reciprocal gift of the monarch in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (on the example of the 1447 common noble privilege).
No full textThe article analyzes the concept of “gift”, which is considered in the categories of mentality, through the concept of “legal consensus”, using the preamble of the common noble privilege of Casimir in 1447 as an example. The study combines diplomatic, semantic and structural anthropological approaches to read and interpret the legal act. The “gift” is considered as an element of the common language between the ruler and the subjects of the GDL. The terms “donatio” and “recompensatio” are analyzed in detail. The preamble of the common noble privilege justifies the granting of noble rights by the monarch as a reward for the gifts of his lordship (“доброты, ласкы и дары”/“bono, graciarum et libertatum”). The anthropological understanding of the phenomenon of “gift” as a phenomenon of the customary culture of the late medieval and early modern society of the GDL becomes important. Some issues of translation of latin legal monuments into ruthenian are considered. Keywords: Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the common noble privilege of 1447, “gift” (donatio i recompensatio), legal consensus, noble rights
Vytauto Didžiojo universiteto atkūrimas spaudoje ir dokumentuose (1988 m. balandis - 1990 m. rugsėjis).
No full textVytauto Didžiojo universiteto atkūrimo šaltinių verpetai: Ilgas VDU sunaikinimo randas visuomenės atmintyje; Lietuvos politinio fono įtaka VDU atkūrimui; VDU organizacinio atkuriamojo darbo centrai ir diskusijų pėdsakai spaudoje; Mokslo tyrimų ir mokslo atskyrimo iššūkis; Kauno regioninio mokslo centro ir humanizavimo iššūkis; Universiteto savarankiškumas ir atvirumas pasauliui; VDU atkūrimo šaltinių rinkimo poreikis -- Šaltinotyrinis įvadas: Apie rinkinio genezę; Apie skelbiamų šaltinių sudėtį; Apie periodizaciją; Pastabos ateičiai; Vytauto Didžiojo universiteto atkūrimo ir veiklos pradžios chronologija -- Techninės pastabos: Institucijų santrumpos; Statusų santrumpos; Pastabos dėl protokolų transkripcijos; Skelbiamuose dokumentuose naudojami ženklai -- Dokumentai -- VDU atkūrimo dalyvių personalijos -- Skelbiamų šaltinių lokalizacija -- Asmenvardžių rodyklė.Šio dokumentų ir spaudos rinkinio pretekstas – 2024 m. balandyje minėtinas VDU atkūrimo 35-metis. Leidinyje chronologiškai pristatoma 1) viešos diskusijas spaudoje dėl VDU atkūrimo; 2) VDU Atkuriamosios tarybos ir Senato posėdžių protokolai; 3) VDU atkūrėjų susirašinėjimas tarpusavyje; 4) VDU atkūrėjų susirašinėjimas su valstybinėmis institucijomis; 5) VDU atkūrėjų publikuoti atsiminimai
Usefulness of a social worker’s activities for a family admitted to a crisis center
No full textStresas ir krizė yra neatskiriami žmogaus gyvenimo palydovai, kuriuos turi įveikti kiekvienas, tačiau ne kiekvienu atveju asmuo krizę sugeba įveikti pats, be pagalbos iš šalies. Dirbdami su asmenimis ir šeimomis, patekusiomis į krizių centrą, socialiniai darbuotojai teikia kompleksinę pagalbą, susidedančią iš prevencinių, bendrųjų ir specialiųjų paslaugų. Šių paslaugų teikimą užtikrina valstybė, todėl labai svarbu suprasti, kiek šeimoms, patekusioms į krizių centrą yra naudingos socialinio darbuotojo teikiamos paslaugos. Straipsnyje atskleidžiama socialinių darbuotojų teikiamų paslaugų nauda šeima, patekusiai į krizių centrą. Atlikta mokslinės literatūros ir kokybinio tyrimo duomenų analizė. Tyrimo duomenų rinkimui buvo pasitelktas kokybinis tyrimas, taikant struktūruotą interviu. Tyrimo dalyviai – šeimos nariai, gyvenantys krizių centre. Tyrimo metu nustatyta, kad į krizių centrą patekusioms šeimoms socialinio darbuotojo veikla ir jo teikiamos paslaugos teikia naudą įveikiant krizinę situaciją ir stengiantis atgauti prarastą savarankiškumą. Iškilus krizinei situacijai šeima neretai nežino, kokie specialistai ar institucijos galėtų suteikti reikiamą pagalbą, o krizių centre teikiamos informavimo, konsultavimo, tarpininkavimo ir atstovavimo paslaugos padeda surasti reikalingus specialistus ir gauti pagalbą. Maitinimo organizavimo, aprūpinimo būtiniausiais drabužiais ir avalyne paslaugos padeda greitai išspręsti iškilusias su materialinių išteklių trūkumu susijusias problemas. Socialinių darbuotojų teikiamos sociokultūrinės paslaugos bei organizuojamos veiklos ir mokymai šeimoms, patekusioms į krizių centrą, yra naudingos, nes suteikia galimybę patirti naujų įspūdžių, įgyti žinių ir įgūdžių. Pasinaudojusios krizių centre socialinio darbuotojo teikiamomis paslaugomis, šeimos suprato, kad esant reikalui gali gauti būtiną pagalbą, pradėjo kritiškiau žiūrėti į savo ligtolinį gyvenimą, suvokti jame buvusias problemas, svarstyti galimybę pakeisti savo elgesį ir įpročius. Raktiniai žodžiai: krizių centras, krizinė situacija, socialinis darbas, socialinė rizika.Relevance of the topic: Stress and crisis are inseparable companions of human life. If a person is unable to overcome a crisis situation, the negative consequences are felt by the whole family. The activity of a social worker working with individuals and families living in a crisis center is a very important component of family support. It is important to determine the individual problems of the person (family), possible obstacles that prevent solving the problems, and the needs to solve the problem, to re-analyze the situation during each meeting and to provide the most effective plan of help, it is also very important to encourage and educate the person to solve problems independently Problem of the research: what is the usefulness of the social worker's activities for a family admitted to a crisis center? Subject of the research: the usefulness of the social worker's activities for a family admitted to a crisis center The purpose of the research is: to investigate the usefulness of the social worker's activities for a family admitted to a crisis center. Research objectives: 1) To present the characteristics of the crisis center; 2) To analyze the provision of social services to the family crisis center; 3) To identify the usefulness of the activities of the social worker in the crisis center, working with the family. Conclusions: The analysis of the empirical data suggests that the activities of the social worker and the services provided by the social worker benefit the families admitted to a crisis center in overcoming the crisis situation and trying to regain their lost independence. A social worker by providing general, special and preventive social services, plays one of the most important roles in providing assistance to a family admitted to a crisis center. Empirical research results: During the research, it was found that the activities of the social worker and the services provided by the social worker benefit the families who have entered the crisis center in overcoming the crisis situation and trying to regain their lost independence. When a crisis situation arises, the family often does not know which specialists or institutions could provide the necessary help, and the information, counseling, mediation and representation services provided by the crisis center help to find the necessary specialists and get help. The services of food organization, provision of the necessary clothes and footwear help to quickly solve the problems related to the lack of material resources. Sociocultural services provided by social workers and organized activities and training for families who have entered the crisis center are useful, as they provide an opportunity to experience new experiences, acquire knowledge and skills. After using the services provided by the social worker at the crisis center, the families realized that they can get the necessary help if necessary, began to look more critically at their institutional life, understand the problems that existed in it, and consider the possibility of changing their behavior and habits. Keywords: Crisis center, a crisis situation, social worker, social risk
Causes of stress at work for social workers in children's day care centers
No full textMokslinėje literatūroje galime rasti nemažai straipsnių apie socialinių darbuotojų patiriamą stresą darbe, tačiau socialinių darbuotojų dirbančių būtent vaikų dienos centruose, nuomonė apie jų patiriamą stresą darbe daug retesnė. Socialiniams darbuotojams vos ne kasdieną tenka susidurti su įvairiomis situacijomis, kurios neturi aiškaus sprendimo būdo. Šio tyrimo problema: kokios vaikų dienos centrų socialinių darbuotojų patiriamos streso darbe priežastys? Straipsnyje yra atskleidžiama vaikų dienos centrų socialinių darbuotojų patiriamo streso darbe priežastys. Atlikta mokslinės literatūros ir kokybinio tyrimo duomenų analizė. Tyrimo duomenų rinkimui buvo pasitelktas kokybinis tyrimas, taikant struktūruotą interviu. Tyrimo dalyviai – penki socialiniai darbuotojai dirbantys trijuose skirtinguose vaikų dienos centruose. Raktiniai žodžiai: socialinis darbuotojas, stresas darbe, vaikų dienos centras.Relevance of the topic: In the scientific literature, we can find a number of articles about the stress experienced by social workers at work, but the opinion of social workers working in day care centers about their stress at work is much rarer. Problem of the research: what are the causes of stress at work for social workers in day care centers? Subject of the research: stress experienced by social workers of children's day care centers at work reasons. The purpose of the research is to: reveal the causes of stress at work experienced by social workers of children's day care centers. Research objectives: 1) Describe the activities of social workers in a day care center; 2) To describe the causes of social workers' stress at work; 3) Identify the stress experienced by social workers of children's day care centers at work the reason. Research methodology and subjects: Analysis of scientific literature. Qualitative research using applied structured interviews was chosen to collect the necessary data for the study. Five social workers working in three different day care centers participated. Empirical research results: conducted a qualitative study that identified the causes of stress at work experienced by social workers of day-care centers. The results of the study revealed the main causes of stress at work: children's behavior problems, heavy workload, frequent failures. Work organization obstacles causing stress to employees: lack of time for employees, changes in children's mood and behavior. The interviewed social workers are stressed by the peculiarities of children's behavior: children's aggressive behavior, children's high need for physical contact, children's deviant behavior, children's verbal aggression. Staff experience stress when working with children's families due to staff's fear of parent reaction and hostile parent reaction. Employees experience stress due to misunderstandings with colleagues. Keywords: social worker, stress at work, children's day care center