“Lituanistika”, International Research Database
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Petr Hil'tebrant, the publisher of the Turov evamgel (1865-1871)
No full textIdėja parašyti straipsnį apie Piotrą Hiltebrantą (Петр Андрeeвич Гильтебрандт, 1840–1905) kilo atliekant tyrimą apie Piotrą Bezsonovą (Петр Алексеевич Безсонов vel Бессонов, 1827–1898). Visi pirmieji posukiliminiai mūsų naujosios istorijos rašytojai visada pirmiausia lygintini su šia ryškiausia, nors ir trumpai Vilniuje švietusia, anuometine rusų mokslo (ir ne tik) žvaigžde. [...] Net ir iš čia pateiktų istoriografinių pozicijų galima suprasti, kad iki šiol vilnietiškasis Hiltebranto laikotarpis buvo pristatytas labai fragmentiškai. Straipsnio tikslas – pasitelkus naujus archyvinius šaltinius ir atlikus išsamią Vilniuje nuveiktų darbų ir ten paskelbtų publikacijų analizę, rekonstruoti ideologines šio VŠA valdininko nuostatas; ne tik rekonstruoti, bet ir parodyti Hiltebranto (ne)tipiškumą bendrame posukiliminiame naujos Lietuvos istorijos rašymo kontekste. [...]The idea to write an article about Petr Hil’tebrandt (vel Hil’tebrant, 1840–1905) was born in the course of researching Pyotr Bezsonov vel Bessonov (1827–1898) (see ALt 25, 297–370). Both of them came to Vilnius (Rus. Vil’na) in 1865, in the wake of the uprising of 1863–1864. Both of them landed a job with the Vilnius Educational District. Both of them came from Moscow, where they had been actively engaged in the Slavophile media. Due to the difference in age, their relationship was one of a mentor and a pupil. Bezsonov, a researcher of Slavism and folklore and publisher of sources, already had a name among the academia, and was therefore handed the mission of setting up a centre for Russian science and culture in Vilnius, its goal being to eradicate the historical memory of the ‘Polish’ intellectual life that had once thrived there. Bezsonov was given a number of high-ranking positions in Vilnius, serving as the chairman of the Vilnius Commission for the Studies and Publication of the Books of the Early Acts and the headmaster of the Rabbi School in Vilnius and then of the 1st Boys’ Gymnasium in Vilnius. On top of that, he was the main reorganiser of the Vilnius Museum of Antiquities and the founder of the Vilnius Public Library. What brought Hil’tebrandt to Vilnius was not a career, and definitely not some ideology, but rather his wanting to start life anew: in 1863, he was expelled from the Faculty of History and Philology at Moscow University for his involvement in student unrest. By contrast to Bezsonov, a son to an orthodox priest, Hil’tebrandt came from a family of landlords in Ryazan governorate. When he came to Vilnius in 1865, Bezsonov was at the peak of his maturity: he was 37, married, and had a large family. Hil’tebrandt, who settled in Vilnius the very same year, was twenty-five and single. Contrary to Bezsonov, who did not spend two years in Vilnius, Hil’tebrandt kept working there for a whole seven years. By contrast to his older colleague, he did not engage in any kind of large-scale brainstorming regarding the depolonisation of the North-Western Province (NWP) and its integration into the Russian world: he would simply do what he was told to. He was not as adept with the quill as Bezsonov was, but he was still rather competent with it, and most importantly, he would write ‘correctly’ and had the ability to give ‘scientific’ justification to the Russian nature of the NWP. Opposite to Bezsonov, he was peaceful by nature. We cannot argue that Bezsonov chose Vilnius solely because of his career, for he had an innate sense of curiosity and would simply ‘collect’ new nations and new languages. When he came to the NWP to experience Belarussians first hand, he was surprised by his discovery of Jews and stunned by how large and exotic their diaspora was, which was a contrast to Hil’tebrandt, who was known as a Judeophobe. The management of the Vilnius Educational District liked Hil’tebrandt. In the long run, Bezsonov became a byword for a ‘worthless’ clerk, while Hil’tebrandt was the embodiment of one who was ‘ideal’. When in Vilnius, Hil’tebrandt first landed a job as a student supervisor at the Rabbi School in Vilnius but soon was promoted to an assistant registrar with the Vilnius Central Archives. He also spent some time freelancing for the Vilnius Commission for the Studies and Publication of the Books of the Early Acts. In the fall of 1865, Ivan Kornilov (1811–1901), patron of the Vilnius Educational District tasked him with drafting a plan for the reorganisation of the Vilnius Museum of Antiquities, and a year later, organise the cache of manuscripts at the museum and use these texts to establish a Manuscript Department at the Vilnius Public Library. In 1867, he and other staffers of the Vilnius Educational District launched Археографическiй сборникъ (alternatively, Археографическiй сборникъ документовъ, относящихся къ исторiи Сѣверо-Западной Руси, издаваемый при Управленiи Виленскaго Учебнaго Округа (The Archeographic Compendium of Documents Relating to the History of North-Western Russia Published by the Vilnius Educational District 1–14, Vilnius, 1867, 1869–1870, 1874, 1900, 1902, 1904). In 1871, he published Рукописное отдѣленiе Виленской Публичной Библiотеки (The Manuscript Department at the Vilnius Public Library), the first catalogue of the Manuscript Department of the Vilnius Public Library. He would be dispatched on expeditions to scour the NWP for monuments to Slavic writings. He published Сборникъ памяниковъ народнаго творчества въ Сѣверо-Западномъ краѣ (A Collection of Monuments to Folklore in the North-Western Province, Vilnius, 1866). He also wrote commentary to П Русской старины въ Занадныхъ губернiяхъ имперiи (Monuments to the Ancient Times of Russia in the Western Governorates of the Empire, Berlin, St Petersburg, 1868–1874), a publication devised by Pompey Batyushkov (1811–1892), patron of the Vilnius Educational District. [...
An Exploration of food sustainability practices in the food industry across Europe
No full textSustainability is becoming essential and actively debated in the food sector, influencing companies and stakeholders globally. Sustainability practices have been developed and integrated into food industry actions and policies to meet present needs without compromising future needs. The aim of this study was to explore the current sustainability practices across the food industry in Europe and how initiatives are developed, implemented and evaluated to achieve food sustainability targets. This study formed part of a larger European project (2022-1-IE01-KA220-VET-000087508 Digitalisation of Sustainable Health Education). In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 21 food industry employees with expertise in sustainability across Ireland, Poland, Lithuania, and Cyprus. Interviews were transcribed and thematically analysed. Three themes were identified: sustainable practices challenges, facilitators of green practice, and thinking to the future, Complying with the Science-Based Targets initiative, and setting emissions targets such net zero by 2050 and reducing waste output, drove sustainable activities. Participants identified barriers to initiative development and implementation including cost, monitoring time, product quality, and employee engagement. Employee and stakeholder understanding were crucial to sustainability initiative success. Gaps in research were identified as the proliferation of environmental labels and greater company collaboration to share sustainability data. A key consideration highlighted in discussions was the importance of collaboration and education for raising awareness and strengthening the implementation and long-term maintenance of food sustainability practices within industry. Greater collaboration between large food companies to share raw sustainability metric data could strengthen initiative outcomes and raise greater awareness among stakeholders, bridging the knowledge gap with producers or stakeholders who operate on a smaller scale. Keywords: food industry; sustainability; food sustainable practices; sustainable development goals
Challenges and prospects for the determinants of socioeconomic development in rural areas: evidence from Lithuania
No full textThis article presents the newly introduced model for EU policy-making, based on combined ‘bottom-up’ and ‘place-based’ approaches by establishing rural science-society-policy interfaces – Multi-Actor Platforms (MAPs). MAPs are open forums for exchanging relevant ideas in solving region’s most urgent place-based challenges, performing co-learning, and acting as knowledge co-creation platforms for the contribution of creating reflective research and policy agendas for the future of Europe’s rural areas. The main aim of this paper is to explore the challenges and prospects for the determinants of socioeconomic development (i.e., entrepreneurship, social economy, and sustainable and resilient value chains) in rural areas, based on SHERPA science-society-policy interface co-learning and co-creation results in Lithuanian MAP. Research results show that the combined bottom-up and place-based approaches with the help of regional MAPs as science-society-policy rural interfaces hold high potential to be applied to develop reflective research and policy agendas for the regions in the EU. Keywords: socioeconomic development, science-society-policy interfaces, entrepreneurship, social economy, sustainable and resilient value chains, SHERPA
Insights from the active use of neuroscience findings in teaching and learning
No full textThe aim of this paper is to show how teachers apply teaching and learning strategies related to the principles of the nervous system’s functions. In our view, understanding what constitutes good teaching is about identifying how it engages the underlying cognitive and neurosystemic processes within the human brain in relation to learning. Using a student self-assessment questionnaire, we have investigated several key processes involved in neurodidactics (excitation, perception, memory, and the use, transfer, and adaptation of information and/or actions). The sample consisted of 884 7–10th grade students. The results showed that students’ excitation, understanding, and consolidation of educational material are directly related to the work of the teacher and the teaching strategies they apply to attract and stimulate the student’s attention and to help the student to understand and remember information. The learning strategies used by the students reflect the learner’s learning activity, i.e., the use and application of strategies that allow internal knowledge to emerge. The consolidation of the learning material and the learning strategies used by the students was statistically significantly higher among the female participants. There are significant differences between low- and high-achieving students in terms of the effectiveness of teaching strategies for consolidation and the learning strategies applied by learners. The paper provides practical recommendations for teachers. Keywords: neuroscience; neurodidactics; teaching strategies; learning strategies
Migrant children and integration-related challenges in Lithuania: the opinions of educators (a case study)
No full textThe number of migrant children in Lithuania is increasing every year. For many years, the majority of migrants (around 82%) were returning Lithuanians, but since 2022, due to the ongoing war between Ukraine and Russia, a large influx of Ukrainian immigrants has been observed: 7761 children have arrived in Lithuania since the outbreak of the full-scale invasion. This study aims to highlight the integration-related challenges that educators face in the context of the increasing number of migrant children. Qualitative, semi-structured interviews (N = 9) were applied to investigate the issue and outline possible solutions from the point of view of educators. The study was conducted in a school with 875 students, including 31 (3.5%) immigrants. The empirical study revealed that the school implements the integration of migrant children in accordance with the recommendations issued by the Ministry of Education, Science, and Sport. Upon the arrival of a migrant child, the committee assesses the child’s knowledge, interviews the parents, and determines the appropriate class placement and learning methods. An individual education plan is then devised based on the expectations of both the child and their parents. Teachers face challenges related to language barriers and cultural differences. The provision of courses developing intercultural competence, more language lessons, and training for both children and their parents are considered to be the most important conditions for the successful integration of migrant children into the education system. Keywords: migrant; children; integration; Lithuania; school
Use-wear studies of the function of prehistoric wooden products, is it really possible? The example of pestles from sites in Šventoji, Lithuania
No full textThe article presents the preliminary results of the traceological analysis of the collection of wooden pestles obtained during excavations of the complex of subneolithic sites in Šventoji in Lithuania. During the studies, an attempt was made to assess the possibility of interpreting the functions of the analysed tools based on the (probably) functional damage visible on them and to verify the hypotheses about the way they were used put forward by the authors of the excavations. The primary goal of the reported research was an attempt to first (preliminary) assess the nature of damage occurring on wooden tools (in this case, pestles) as a result of their use, the possibility of analysing and interpreting these traces (also in the context of post-depositional changes and modifications resulting from the conservation process), and consequently (in general) the possibility of conducting functional analyses of wooden tools dating back to the Stone Age. Keywords: use-wear analysis, wooden artefacts, Šventoji, dendroarchaeology, pestle, hammer
The Application of geospatial analysis methods for the reconstruction of Lithuanian-Slavic ethnolinguistic boundaries in Southeastern Lithuania
No full text(1) Background: The article addresses the issue of geospatial dynamics of Lithuanian–Slavic ethnolinguistic boundaries in Southeastern Lithuania (SEL) that were influenced by long-term Lithuanian–Slavic linguistic competition. The aim of the study was to reconstruct the Lithuanian–Slavic ethnolinguistic boundaries and reveal the intensive contact zones in the late 19th century based on published data. Additionally, the study aimed to assess the geospatial changes in the ethnolinguistic situation in the research area during the period 1890–2021. (2) Methods: The ESRI ArcGIS technology geoprocessing tools were applied for boundary reconstruction and geospatial change detection. Cartographic materials, statistical data, and national census information were utilized in the process. (3) Results: The gained results provided a better understanding of Lithuanian–Slavic ethnolinguistic dynamics over space and time in the research area. The study reveals that the ethnolinguistic boundary in the Vilnius–Trakai urbanized area shifted in favor of the Lithuanian language, suggesting its potential influence on the metropolitan suburbs in the future. However, insufficient social infrastructure and weak economic development in rural settlements have led to a negative migration balance, a low birth rate, and rapid population aging. These challenges might have a negative effect on the future survival of the Lithuanian language in the multilingual rural area of SEL, especially considering the recent geopolitical realia in the region. (4) Conclusions: The study anticipates an increase in the influence of the Lithuanian language in the Vilnius–Trakai metropolitan area at the expense of further decline in the rural Lithuanian-speaking population in the next decade. Keywords: geolinguistics; GIS; geospatial analysis; Lithuanian–Slavic ethnolinguistic boundary; Southeastern Lithuania
The Role of the mother in Lithuanian heritage language maintenance
No full textThe paper explores the pivotal role of mothers in maintaining the Lithuanian language within the Lithuanian diaspora, drawing upon Spolsky’s family language policy theory and Curdt-Christiansen’s dynamic family language policy model. Analyzing data collected in 2011–2013 and 2015–2017, the study investigates various factors shaping family language policy, with a particular focus on the mother’s influence. It examines the interplay between the mother’s role, emigrants’ language ideology, Lithuanian identity, language acquisition, proficiency, and language usage across different domains and emotional dimension of language attitudes. Quantitative analysis, considering respondents’ parents’ ethnicities, reveals that respondents with Lithuanian mothers exhibit stronger connections to Lithuanian identity, more frequent acquisition of Lithuanian as their first language, higher proficiency, and increased usage of Lithuanian within the family and as an inner language. Moreover, positive language attitudes towards the heritage Lithuanian language are more pronounced among those with Lithuanian mothers. However, emotional attitudes towards language did not significantly differ based on parental ethnicity. The paper concludes by discussing the heightened responsibility of mothers in language maintenance within the diaspora and the challenges they face in fulfilling this role. Keywords: family language policy; Lithuanian; mother; heritage language
Children participation in the case management process
No full textIn 1989 The provision of Article 12 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child defined the child’s right to participate - to express his/her opinion and to participate in solving issues related and affecting him/her. In Lithuania, the abundance of legal acts enforces the child’s right to participate, but in practice it is observed that the implementation of the child’s right to participate is not sufficiently ensured. The case management process, as a way of helping the child and/or his/her family, came into force in Lithuania in 2018, but the implementation of the child’s right to participate in the context of the case management process is poorly analyzed in the scientific literature. Scientists from Lithuania and abroad advocate the importance of involving the child in the decision-making process, since this is how their most important skills are formed and their ability to cope with stress increases. The data of the implemented qualitative research revealed twofold approach of case management professionals to the participation of the child and becoming him/her a participant of the case management process. The abundance of professionals’ experience reflects the absence of a common practice that enables the child to participate
Šišioniškiai dialect keeper Vaida Galinskienė: "I must speak and tell for those people because they are no longer able to speak themselves"
No full textA keeper of the cultural heritage of Lithuania Minor and a Lithuanian language teacher at the first gymnasium in Šilutė, Vaida Galinskienė, talks about the disappearing šišioniškiai dialect and the efforts to preserve it. It is estimated that there are only 80 to 100 šišioniškiai-speaking people left today. Galins- kienė’s parents are from Samogitia, but she was born and raised in Svencelė, a former coastal fishermen’s village, where she heard and learned the dialect from local residents. For three decades, she has been spreading knowledge about the traditions, customs, and folklore of the Lithuanians of the coastal region and teaches her more receptive students the disappearing dialect. The massacres of Lithuania Minor’s residents, the destruction of their heritage, and the traumatic experiences endured by the handful of Lithuanians in the Klaipėda region, who survived Nazi and later Soviet repressions, have led to the revival of their dialect no longer being in the hands of the people of Lithuanians Minor themselves. Enthusiasts dedicated to learning and teaching the dying šišioniškiai dialect have no blood ties to Lithuania Minor but are committed to preserving the memory of that destroyed world and to returning to Lithuanian society that page of historical memory torn away by the Soviet era. In 2023, their perseverance was recognised by adding the revival of the šišioniškiai dialect to Lithuania’s Intangible Cultural Heritage Inventory - the first case where heritage preservation activities were included in the list