“Lituanistika”, International Research Database
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Contemporary self-identification as a "Tutejszy" in Southeastern Lithuania
No full textThe article raises the issue of identification as a “tutejszy” among people who live in southeastern Lithuania today. The question of how and why “tutejsi” (plural for “tutejszy”) draw identity boundaries between themselves and other people is very important due to the overall social and political changes in this region over the last century. To answer this question, qualitative field research was conducted using observation, participant observation, and in-depth interviews with the region’s inhabitants. The data analysis revealed two categories that play a role in the drawing of identity boundaries: the first relates to ethnicity and the second one relates to the value ascribed to being a “tutejszy”. Based on these two axes, the authors developed four models of “tutejszy” identification in southeastern Lithuania. Key words: “Tutejszy”, southeastern Lithuania, Vilnius, Polish ethnic identity
Instrumental music tradition of Lithuania Minor
No full textMažosios Lietuvos instrumentinio muzikavimo tradicija 2022 m. buvo pripažinta nematerialaus kultūros paveldo vertybe ir įtraukta į Nacionalinį sąvadą. Šios tradicijos pagrindą sudaro vertingi XVI-XX a. Prūsijos lietuvių, lietuvininkų, muzikos instrumentų ir muzikavimo aprašymai, ikonografinė medžiaga, keliasdešimt instrumentinės muzikos garso įrašų bei dainų ir šokių melodijos. Instrumentinė Prūsijos lietuvių muzikavimo tradicija nebuvo nuosekliai perduodama iš kartos į kartą ir galėjo nutrūkti, jei XX a. 7-ajame dešimtmetyje nebūtų kilęs folkloro gaivinimo judėjimas, o vėliau, atkūrus Lietuvos valstybingumą, akcentuota etnografinių regionų svarba. Entuziastingų Klaipėdos krašto žmonių dėka ši tradicija buvo rekonstruota ir dabar įvairiomis formomis yra tęsiama.In 2022, the instrumental music tradition of Lithuania Minor was recognised as an intangible cultural heritage value and included in the National Inventory. The foundation of this tradition is valuable descriptions of Prussian Lithuanian musical instruments and music-making from the 16th to the 20th centuries, iconographic material, several dozen recordings of instrumental music, as well as the melodies of songs and dances. During World War II, the majority of the inhabitants of this region emigrated, so the instrumental music tradition of Prussian Lithuanians was not consistently passed down from generation to generation and could have been interrupted if the folklore revival movement had not emerged in the 1960s. Thanks to the enthusiasm of the people of the Klaipėda region, this tradition was reconstructed and is now continued in various forms. The article presents information from written sources about Prussian Lithuanian musical instruments from the 16th century and efforts to reconstruct this musical tradition. In the 20th century, it was developed by newcomers who came to live in this region; the hubs for supporting tradition are concentrated in the northern part of the ethnographic region of Lithuania Minor - in the Klaipėda region
Functions of parents homeschooling their children: the case of Lithuania
No full textThe origins of homeschooling can be traced back to the ideas of John Holt, an educational theorist and advocate of school reform in the 1970s, who argued that schools created an oppressive emotional environment and that education at schools aimed to make children’s achievements meet the standards required of compliant employees. Homeschooling is understood as an independent way of organising a form of individual learning, when the child is educated in a family and community environment using a variety of learning tools and environments. The number of homeschooled children is growing, and more and more parents are becoming interested in this form of education and in the legal aspects of its regulation. This article analyses the case of Lithuania. The aim of the article is to answer the questions of how homeschooling of children is organised and what functions parents perform in homeschooling. The qualitative research approach was chosen to analyse the experiences of parents homeschooling their children and to identify the functions of parents as educators. Keywords: educational institution, family, functions, homeschooling, learner
Difficulties faced by social workers in dealing with people addicted to psychoactive substances in rehabilitation communities
No full textPriklausomybė nuo psichoaktyvių medžiagų yra daugialypė ir sudėtinga problema, kuri paliečia ne tik asmenis, kurie tiesiogiai yra priklausomi, tačiau ir vartojančiojo aplinką, šeimą, draugus bei visuomenę. Priklausomybių reabilitacijos bendruomenės teikia psichosocialinės reabilitacijos paslaugas nuo psichoaktyvių medžiagų priklausomiems asmenims. Reabilitacijos įstaigų socialiniai darbuotojai yra pagrindiniai specialistai galintys padėti priklausomybę patiriantiems asmenims grįžti į visuomenę. Socialiniai darbuotojai dirbdami reabilitacijos bendruomenėse patiria įvairių sunkumų. Svarbu suprasti, kokie sunkumai kyla darbo metu, veikloje su priklausomais asmenimis, ir kokie pokyčiai padėtų išvengti galimų sunkumų. Šio tyrimo problema: kokius sunkumus socialiniai darbuotojai patiria veikloje su asmenimis priklausomais nuo psichoaktyvių medžiagų, reabilitacijos bendruomenėse? Straipsnyje nagrinėjama priklausomų nuo psichoaktyvių medžiagų asmenų psichosocialinės problemos, psichoaktyvių medžiagų vartojimo poveikis, bei pasekmės, aptariama priklausomybių bendruomenių paskirtis bei socialinių darbuotojų veiklia jose. Tyrimo duomenų rinkimui buvo pasirinktas kokybinis tyrimas taikant pusiau struktūruotą interviu. Tyrime dalyvavo trys socialiniai darbuotojai, dirbantys priklausomybių reabilitacijos bendruomenėse. Tyrimo duomenų analizė atskleidė, jog socialiniai darbuotojai, dirbdami priklausomybių reabilitacijos bendruomenėse patiria sunkumų dėl vidinės klientų motyvacijos praeiti pilną reabilitacijos kursą, klientai ne visada nori laikytis bendruomenės taisyklių, dalyvauti užsiėmimuose, ne visada nori atsiverti socialiniams darbuotojams. Sunkumų kyla bandant darbą atskirti nuo asmeninio gyvenimo, klientai ir darbuotojai daug laiko praleidžia kartu ir teigia, jog ne visada pavyksta atsiriboti nuo darbinių istorijų ir ne darbo metu. Sunkumai su klientų artimaisiais kyla dėl nepagarbos darbuotojų atžvilgiu ir artimųjų taisyklių nesilaikymo. Informantų teigimu, ne visos įstaigos su kuriomis tenka bendrauti dėl klieno, atsižvelgia į bendruomenės taisykles, ne retai įstaigos laikosi savo taisyklių ir dėl to klientui ne visada įmanoma suderinti kitų institucijų taisykles su reabilitacijos bendruomenės taisyklėmis. Raktiniai žodžiai: psichoaktyvios medžiagos, reabilitacijos bendruomenės, socialinis darbuotojas.Aim of the research: reveal the difficulties experienced by social workers in working with individuals addicted to psychoactive substances in rehabilitation communities The problem of the research: what difficulties do social workers face in working with individuals dependent on psychoactive substances in rehabilitation communities? Conclusions: the study revealed that social workers in rehabilitation communities, working with individuals dependent on psychoactive substances, face difficulties: due to clients' lack of motivation to continue rehabilitation, lack of trust, non-compliance with rules, inability to communicate openly with social workers, difficulties arise in trying to reintegrate clients into the workforce as they lack professional skills. Difficulties also arise due to the behavior of family members: they do not support the motivation to continue rehabilitation and do not comply with the institution's rules. Challenges also occur in collaboration with employees of the State Child Rights Protection and Adoption Service and the Lithuanian Probation Service. The study participants indicated that it is difficult to separate professional and personal life, and work quality is affected by stress experienced at work. The informants noted that overcoming these difficulties would be aided by closer cooperation between various institutions addressing clients' problems, more psychological support, stress management training, and the organization of supervisions for employees. Keywords: Psychoactive substances, rehabilitation communities, social worker
Reports concerning the dioceses of Samogitia and Livonia from the late 18th century
No full textWprowadzenie -- Słownik skrótów i trudniejszych terminów -- Raporty dotyczące diecezji żmudzkiej i inflanckiej z końca XVIII wieku -- Bibliografia -- Indeks osób -- Indeks miejscThe publication is a source edition of the reports made by church authorities and sent to the Roman-Catholic Affairs Department at the College of Justice (Justickolegium) in Saint Petersburg soon after the third partition of Poland. In 1797, this institution issued an order stipulating that bishops in Russia should prepare reports about the state of their dioceses and deliver them until December that year. The current publication presents two of these reports regarding the dioceses of Samogitia and Livonia or, more specifically, the Courland part of the latter, which did not enter the diocese of Mohilev. The present body of knowledge is insufficient for providing a detailed picture of the visitation and reporting system in the Catholic church soon after the third partition of 1795. These issues require broader examination that goes beyond the scope of this publication. The book consists of the introduction that describes the history of the Samogitia and Livonia dioceses, intended to place the source material in context. The actual text of the Report is preceded by the order of Bishop Jan Stefan Giedroyć of November 24, 1797 concerning the method of reporting the situation of the Samogitia diocese. The presented Report, which covers the dioceses of Samogitia and Livonia, is untitled. The annotation from the end of the 18th century, made on the first page, says that it is the reply of the Samogitia Bishop to the questions asked in the letter from the College of Justice. The content of the source is consistent with the acts of the official visitations carried out by church superiors. It discusses the administrative position of the parish (nationality, not deanery), its geographical size and the number of faithful taking Holy Communion (communicantes), the temples on its area and the priests that serve there. Apart from this general information about the parish, the report gives much attention to the situation of the clergy: it examines their career tracks and education, the size of their income and its sources. Moreover, quantitative data on christenings, marriages, and deaths are provided as well as information on the public and parish schools and seminaries and the subjects taught therein. The full Report concerning both dioceses comprises 295 sheets, that is 590 pages, out of which only 492 are actually used. The report on the Samogitia diocese is placed on sheets 1 through 262 (sections 1 through 7), with sheets 1–248 providing written replies to the questions asked by the College of Justice, and sheets 248–262 being a recap supplement to the content, which included tables summarizing the data presented earlier, and therefore it is omitted in the current publication. All information is given in the question-answer format. Notably, the archivist divided the manuscript into eight sections, marking the relevant number on separate pages, which is also indicated in the edition. A content-driven nature of the division is noticeable. Section one (sheets 1–20) is devoted to the general state of the diocese (e.g. listing of the higher clergy and their remuneration), schools, hospitals or monasteries as well as general statistics describing the diocese and its material basis. Section two (sheets 21–38) takes on the nature of a typical report and concerns the Samogitia cathedral chapter, the cathedral church in Wornie, and the seminary. Section three, the longest of all (sheets 40–222), is dedicated to the 95 parishes under the administration of the diocese clergy (secular parishes). They are ordered mostly alphabetically (according to the Polish alphabet) according the counties (powiat): Dorbiany-Żorany – Telsze county, Gruździe-Stare Żagory – Szawle county, Johaniszkiele- Szadów – Upit county (Troki province), Andrzejów-Wewirżany – Rosienie county. Section four (sheets 224–248) covers monasteries for men and women, and hospitals run by the Brotherhood of Saint Roch on the territory of the Samogitia diocese. Section five (sheets 252–262) contains the abovementioned tabulated recapitulation of the data. The final section six (sheets 263–295) is devoted to the churches located in Courland. It is difficult to say how many people authored the text, but they were certainly a few dozens. Each report was signed by the relevant parson and other priests working in the parish, which suggests they were probably made outside the consistory and subsequently sent there (presumably collectively from the deaneries). [...] Keywords: the diocese of Samogitia, Samogitia, Courland, College of Justice (Justickolegium), Jan Stefan Giedroyć, report, clergy
Managing the pandemic in care homes - older people's perspective.
No full textThe ageing population and the challenges it poses are becoming more and more pressing, both in Lithuania and in other European countries. This requires constant attention from researchers and institutions providing social services and education activities. A new challenge is the Covid - 19 pandemic, which has resulted in nursing homes banning visits to residents and restricting educational activities in order to protect the elderly. Residents were not allowed to see relatives and friends. The pandemic and the quarantine imposed in Lithuania caused stress and anxiety for the residents and the negative social consequences are still being felt even after the pandemic. Nine semi-structured interviews were carried out to reveal the attitudes of older people towards the management of the pandemic in care institutions and the peculiarities of communication in care homes during the quarantine. The research revealed that during quarantine, lonely older people were sensitive to a lack of opportunities for social communication, and felt a lack of closeness among people. As a result of the quarantine regime lonely older people felt unfulfilled, lost the ability to realize themselves through certain activities. Keywords: aging, care homes, communication, Covid-19, education activities
Peculiarities of junior ballroom dancers' motivation.
No full textThe aim of this research is paid to the peculiarities of junior ballroom dancers’ motivation. The sample of the research consisted of 70 12-15-aged junior ballroom dancers – 40 girls and 30 boys. The sport motivation scale (SMS) was chosen in order to reveal this issue. The study revealed that the internal motivation of junior dancers was expressed more than the external motivation, but some statements that reflect the internal motivation were evaluated differently by the dancers. The dancers did not have a strong opinion – they doubted the statements of the external motivation subscales. The dancers mostly disagreed with the following statements: I dance because my friends and other people respect and appreciate me for it and I dance because I think it’s one of the best ways to make friends and communicate. The amotivation of the dancers was not strongly expressed. They did not doubt their success, why they were dancing and they had no thoughts that they will not achieve their intended purpose. The girls that dance ballroom dances have higher internal motivation – to find out and internal motivation – experience; meanwhile, the boys had stronger internal motivation – to strive for perfection. It was also revealed the external motivation – to get identified and coincide – was important for the junior dancers of the both groups. Keywords: amotivation, ballroom dancing, external motivation, internal motivation
The Curious case of Aistija: sidelights on Latvian-Lithuanian rapprochement during the 20th century.
No full textThe nascent Aistijan movement centred around the idea of establishing a Latvian–Lithuanian state following the Second World War. This article surveys the background of the idea, with particular attention to the public diplomacy of Lithuanian American émigrés, demonstrating its prevalence during the First World War. The activities of interwar Latvian and Lithuanian rapprochement societies are outlined, noting the prominence of the Aestii – the earliest recorded inhabitants of the eastern littoral of the Baltic Sea – in both academic and popular history, in addition to the emergence of the Aistijan movement following the Second World War. Examining the initial successes and rapid decline of the movement, the article also charts developments and material circumstances of language learning practices in connection with the idea of a Latvian–Lithuanian state. Keywords Aistija, émigré propaganda, Lithuanian-Latvian state, public diplomacy, rapprochement societies
The Effect of autism phenotype and diagnosis disclosure on students' desire for social distance from autistic peers.
No full textAutistic students report feeling lonely, rejected by peers which is associated with poorer well-being and lower academic results. This study aims to evaluate the effect of autism phenotype and diagnosis disclosure on students’ desire for social distance from autistic students and factors related to social distancing. 303 students (72.3% women; mean age = 22.37 years) participated in this study. Each participant was assigned to one of the six vignettes depicting students of different gender and diagnostic status. Respondents’ willingness to engage in different social situations, type and quality of prior contact with autism, autism knowledge and social desirability bias were measured. Results showed that students desired greater social distance from autistic males compared to autistic females, as well as from peers with non-disclosed diagnosis compared to those with disclosed diagnosis. Greater autism knowledge was related to less desire for social distance in non-disclosure, disclosure and in male autism phenotype conditions. Higher quality of contact was associated with less desire for social distance from autistic students with disclosed diagnosis. Type of contact was not related to social distance. Findings suggest that autistic male students and individuals with non-disclosed diagnosis might be more vulnerable to social exclusion
Stress in pre-school children and strategies to overcome it
No full textStraipsnyje pristatomi rekomenduojami streso valdymo būdai vaikystėje, analizuojamas pedagogų požiūris į streso apraiškas ir streso įveikimo būdus ikimokyklinio ugdymo įstaigoje. Stresas pasireiškia jau ankstyvoje vaikystėje ir gali sukelti žalingas pasekmes sveikatai. Siekiant padėti vaikams įveikti stresą, jau ikimokyklinio ugdymo įstaigoje gali būti mokoma streso valdymo būdų. Ikimokyklinio ugdymo įstaigose atliktame tyrime analizuojama, ar pedagogai turi žinių apie streso apraiškas, jo valdymą, kokiais būdais padeda vaikams įveikti stresą. Reikšminiai žodžiai: ikimokyklinis amžius, stresas, vaikaiThe article discusses recommended methods for managing stress in early childhood and examines educators’ attitudes towards stress manifestations and coping strategies in pre-school educational institutions. Stress can occur in early childhood and may have adverse health consequences. Stress management techniques can be introduced as part of pre-school education to support children in overcoming stress. The study investigates educators’ perspectives on children’s stress in pre-school educational institutions and explores their approaches to managing it. The analysis focuses on whether teachers possess knowledge about the manifestations of stress, strategies for its management, and effective methods to help children cope with stress. Keywords: pre-school age, stress, children