“Lituanistika”, International Research Database
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    Food culture and diet of the Basilian monks of the Lithuanian province in the second half of the eighteenth century

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    This article aims to provide insight into the eating customs and diet of the Basilian monks of the Holy Trinity Monastery in Vilnius in the second half of the eighteenth century. It discusses the rules that shaped their eating customs and the extent to which the monks, who belonged to the Lithuanian province of the order, followed these rules. The article considers foodstuffs of the community’s menu and examines the sources of these products. A comparison with the Lviv Basilian Monastery, representing the Polish (Ruthenian) province of the order, allows a better understanding of the specificity of the Basilian monks’ food culture. Notably, the Basilian monks abandoned the ancient monastic tradition of not eating meat. Other features of their food culture were determined by post-Tridentine monasticism and the socio-economic factors of the time. Key words: Greek Catholic Order of Saint Basil the Great (OSBM), Basilian monks, Vilnius, Lviv, history of gastronomy, the second half of 18th century

    The Analysis of Utena district residents' opinion of Utena Local Lore Museum activity.

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    In the article, the authors analyze the Utena district residents’ opinion of Utena Local Lore Museum activity. The purpose of the research is to analyze the Utena district residents’ opinion of Utena Local Lore museum activities and to present proposals for improving Utena Local Lore Museum activity. During the research, a questionnaire survey was conducted. Data collection methods - analysis of scientific literature and sources, quantitative research (questionnaire survey). The article analyzes Utena district residents’ opinion of Utena Local Lore Museum activity from a theoretical point of view and presents the results of the conducted research. It is concluded that according to the results of the conducted research, visiting the Utena Local Lore Museum is encouraged by various entertainments, exhibitions, events and education, but, according to the respondents, all this should be related to the Utena region and its history. Repeated visits of the respondents to the museum would be determined by updated expositions, offered entertainment, and interesting presentations. Keywords: museum activity, residents’ opinion, Utena Local Lore museum

    In the shadow of war: public opinion in the Baltic states, 2014 and 2021.

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    Drawing on research on political culture and research on geopolitical orientations, this article analyses public opinion in the three Baltic states (2014 and 2021), focusing on political support, inter-ethnic relations and geopolitical attitudes. In the first section, the empirical analysis demonstrates widespread public support for the national communities in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. Most respondents feel a sense of attachment to or pride in their respective homeland, and a relative majority of all respondents feel that their contemporary political systems are preferable to other systems in the past. At the same time, the analysis alert us to distinct ethnic differences: the Russian-speakers in the three countries tend to be decidedly more nostalgic about the Soviet past and less satisfied with the present regimes. Confirming and updating findings familiar from previous studies, this article also notes that the population groups in the three Baltic states were growing more or less accustomed to the domestic situation, up until the escalation of the Russo-Ukrainian war in 2022. In the second part of the article, we turn to geopolitical belonging and security perceptions in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. Keywords: Baltic states, democracy, ethnic relations, geopolitical orientations, public opinion

    Opportunities for the development of emotional intelligence in pre-school age with the programme "Zippy’s friends"

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    Straipsnyje, remiantis mokslinės literatūros analize bei atliktu empiriniu tyrimu, pristatoma priešmokyklinio amžiaus vaikų emocinio intelekto ugdymo(si) galimybių programa "Zipio draugai“ tema. Tyrimo problema: kokios emocinio intelekto ugdymo(si) galimybės programa "Zipio draugai“ priešmokykliniame amžiuje. Tyrimo objektas: emocinio intelekto ugdymo(si) galimybės programa "Zipio draugai“ priešmokykliniame amžiuje. Tyrimo tikslas: atskleisti priešmokyklinio amžiaus vaikų emocinio intelekto ugdymo(si) galimybes programa "Zipio draugai. Tyrimo uždaviniai: teoriškai pagrįsti emocinio intelekto ugdymosi galimybes programa „Zipio draugai“; nustatyti tėvų ir pedagogų požiūrį į programos „Zipio draugai“ galimybes priešmokyklinio amžiaus vaikų emocinio intelekto ugdymui(si). Tyrimo metodai: mokslinės literatūros analizė, apklausa raštu, apklausa žodžiu (interviu), gautų duomenų kiekybinė ir kokybinė analizė. Tyrimo metu atskleista, kad priešmokykliniame amžiuje svarbu ugdyti EI, nes šis procesas gerina tarpusavio santykius, padeda geriau bendrauti su bendraamžiais ir suaugusiais, ugdo empatijos jausmą, savigarbą, skatina sąžiningumą, pagarbą, pasitikėjimą, pozityvų mąstymą, streso valdymą. Tarptautinė programa "Zipio draugai“ laikoma viena iš efektyviausių galimybių ugdant EI ikimokykliniame amžiuje. Reikšminiai žodžiai: emocinis intelektas, priešmokyklinis amžius, programa „Zipio draugai“.Based on the analysis of scientific literature and an empirical study, the paper presents a programme for the development of emotional intelligence in pre-school children, “Zippy’s Friends”. The research problem: what are the possibilities for emotional intelligence development in pre-school children with the programme “Zippy’s Friends”. The object of the study: the possibilities for emotional intelligence development in pre-school age group with the programme “Zippy’s Friends”. The aim of the study: to reveal the possibilities for the development of emotional intelligence in pre-school children with the programme “Zippy’s Friends”. The objectives of the study: to theoretically define the potential of the programme “Zippy’s Friends” for the development of emotional intelligence; to determine parents’ and teachers’ attitudes towards the potential of the programme “Zippy’s Friends” for the development of emotional intelligence in pre-schoolers. Research methods: analysis of scientific literature, written survey, oral survey (interview), quantitative and qualitative analysis of the data obtained. The study reveals the importance of developing emotional intelligence in pre-school age group, as this process improves interpersonal relationships, helps to communicate better with peers and adults, develops a sense of empathy, self-esteem, promotes honesty, respect, trust, positive thinking, and helps with stress management. The international programme “Zippy’s Friends” is considered one of the most effective options for developing emotional intelligence in pre-school age. Key words: emotional intelligence, pre-school age group, programme “Zippy’s Friends”

    „ChatGPT""nuomonės įtaka vartotojų elgsenai elektroninėje prekyboje.

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    Naujausios dirbtinio intelekto (DI) technologijos keičia el. prekybos aplinką ir kuria naujas, inovatyvias bei interaktyvias patirtis el. klientams. Generatyvinio DI technologijų įrankis „ChatGPT“ kuria įvairias naudas ir vertes el. prekybos kontekste, įskaitant, bet neapsiribojant bendravimo su klientais gerinimu, lojalumo didinimu, sklandžių el. prekybos procesų užtikrinimu, veiksmingų personalizuotų marketingo strategijų kūrimu, tikslesniu auditorijos segmentavimu, aiškesnių rinkos tyrimų atlikimu ir pan. Nors vartotojų elgseną el. prekyboje gali lemti daugybė specifiškų arba kompleksiškų veiksnių, kaip antai, poreikis, noras, įsitikinimai, vertybės ar pan. elgsenai didelę įtaką daro atsiliepimai. El. parduotuvės pasitelkdamos generatyvinio DI technologijų įrankį „ChatGPT“, kuria ir prie prekės aprašymo pateikia realaus prekę ar paslaugą įsigijusio žmogaus atsiliepimui alternatyvią DI nuomonę. Toks realaus žmogaus atsiliepimo ir „ChatGPT“ nuomonės gretinimas kelia įvairias diskusijas, įskaitant pasipiktinimą dėl netikslingumo. Darbe aptariant prekybos centro internete „Varlė.lt“ atvejį atliekamas diskusijų grupės tyrimas, kuris atskleidė, kad apsipirkimas el. parduotuvėse yra patogus ir patikimas būdas įsigyti norimas prekes ar paslaugas, o prie prekių ar paslaugų pateikti atsiliepimai, kaip ir rasti diskusijų forumuose ar iškirsti gyvų pokalbių metu, tikrai yra ypač naudingi ir aktualūs priimant sprendimą pirkti. Vis dėlto, „ChatGPT“ nuomonė negali būti prilyginta realaus žmogaus atsiliepimui, nes DI įrankis nėra išbandęs prekės ar paslaugos. Pažymima, kad jis gali pasitarnauti žmonėms, kurie negeba savarankiškai analizuoti pateiktų prekės ar paslaugos specifikacijų, tačiau dažniausiai pateikia abstrakčią nuomonę, kuri neveikia el. kliento apsisprendimo. Nors generatyvinio DI technologijų įrankis „ChatGPT“ turi daug potencialo el. prekybos srityje, konkrečiai „ChatGPT“ nuomonė gali būti ne tik nelogiška bei netiksli ir dėl to mažinti pasitikėjimą įrankiu, tačiau kartu dažniausiai yra neišsami ir nenaudinga, dėl to akivaizdžios įtakos el. pirkėjų apsisprendimui pirkti, kurią daro realių žmonių atsiliepimai, neturi. Raktiniai žodžiai: „ChatGPT“, dirbtinis intelektas, vartotojų elgsena, elektroninė prekybaThe latest artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are changing the e-commerce environment and creating new, innovative and interactive experiences for e-customers. Generative AI technology tool `ChatGPT` brings various benefits and values in the context of e-commerce, including but not limited to improving customer communication, increasing loyalty, ensuring smooth e-commerce processes, creating effective personalized marketing strategies, accurate audience segmentation, clearer market research, etc. Although consumer behavior in e-commerce can be determined by many specific or complex factors, such as need, desire, beliefs, values, etc. behavior causes does feedback. E-shops are looking for a generative AI technology tool `ChatGPT`, which provides an alternative AI opinion to the product description of the real product or the feedback of the person who purchased the product. This juxtaposition of real human feedback and `ChatGPT's` opinion has led to various discussions, including outrage at the inaccuracy. When discussing the case of the online shopping center `Varlė.lt` at work, a discussion group study is conducted, which revealed that shopping in electronic stores is a convenient and reliable way to purchase the desired goods or, and reviews of goods or services, as well as found in discussion forums or live chats, really are particularly useful and relevant when making a purchase decision. However, `ChatGPT's` opinion cannot be equated to a real person's feedback, as the AI tool is not a tested product or service. It is noted that it can serve people who are not able to analyze the specifications of goods or services, but mostly an abstract opinion that does not work. customer's decision. Although the generative AI technology tool `ChatGPT` has a lot of potential in the field of e-commerce, specifically, the opinion of `ChatGPT` can not only be illogical and inaccurate and therefore reduce trust in the tool, but is also often incomplete and useless, which clearly affects the purchase decision of e-shoppers, for what real people's reviews do, `ChatGPT` does not have. Keywords: ChatGPT, artificial intelligence, consumer behavior, e-commerce

    Application of virtual reality in Lithuanian museums

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    Straipsnyje analizuojami Lietuvos muziejų atvejai, kurie iki pandemijos ne iki galo buvo pasiruošę pateikti save skaitmeniniu formatu, tačiau greitai persiorientavo. Po pandemijos dalis muziejų ėmė rengti virtualius turus apie parodas, vaizdo pasakojimus apie kūrinius ir ekspozicijas bei kurti naujienlaiškius, kuriuose buvo supakuoti virtualūs meno žaidimai, atradimai ir dovanos. Siekiant pritraukti kuo daugiau lankytojų, muziejai stengėsi ne tik plėtoti savo inventorių, bet ir įgyvendinti iki šiol nematytos virtualios realybės planus, išlaikant kultūrai būdingą originalumą. Raktiniai žodžiai: virtuali realybė, virtualus turas, VR muziejuje, paslauga.Research background. In the 21st century, ever-improving technologies and the related improvement of other services have encouraged the modernisation of the processes of all organisations. Museums are no exception (Šimanskienė, Valiušienė, Sloka, 2017). This rapid jump over the past year has been fuelled by the onset and rapid acceleration of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has resulted in numerous bans and restrictions. The pandemic has forced humanity to broaden its horizons or even change its interests. The museums started making virtual tours of exhibitions, video stories about works and expositions, or creating newsletters that packed virtual art games, discoveries, and gifts. To attract as many visitors as possible, museums have likewise attempted to improve their inventory but also to implemented never-before-seen virtual reality plans or projects while maintaining the originality characteristic of culture. The tourism sector was particularly affected, as the activities of travel or cultural organisations and companies were restricted or suspended. Only a part of organisations or companies carried out their activities remotely. The research problem. During the pandemic, Lithuanian museums were not ready to present themselves in a digital format, but quickly reoriented themselves. They started making virtual tours showing exhibitions, video stories about works and expositions, or creating newsletters that packed virtual art games, discoveries, and gifts (Tomkevičiūtė, 2020). To attract as many visitors as possible, museums have likewise attempted to improve their inventory but also to implemented never-before-seen virtual reality plans or projects while maintaining the originality characteristic of culture. The offer of museum services still lacks integrated virtual services that would improve the museum’s expositions and increase the number of visitors, so it is essential to find out why the integration of these services is not being expanded so rapidly. The aim of the study is to analyse the integration of virtual reality in the museums of Lithuania. The subject of study is the integration of virtual reality in museums. Methods. To reveal the object of the research - the application of virtual reality in museums, the research was carried out in several stages, choosing research methods such as scientific literature analysis, semi-structured interviews for data collection, and qualitative content for data analysis. Taking into account the selected research strategy, the selection of subjects was guided by the provision that all 5 specialists/ experts working directly with service VR “Angelų takais” in the National M.K. Čiurlionis museum departments in Kaunas and Druskininkai will be interviewed. The interview questionnaire consisted of categories: preparation, service evaluation, service impact, and satisfaction. The questions are based on Gutowski and Klos-Adamkiewicz (2020) assessment model. The model consisted of virtual reality content, navigation, interactivity, functionality, additional options, graphics, accessibility for all groups, intuitiveness, multi-language capabilities. The collected data were transcribed and analysed using qualitative content analysis. Results and conclusions. The application of virtual reality has been a major impact on the revival of the cultural sector affected by the pandemic and has given a second life to museums. According to the experts, there was also a great impact on society - those who were not interested in art began to be interested in it in the virtual reality form. The qualitative research showed the possibilities of applying this kind of virtual tour service “Angelų takais” to other offerings at the M.K. Čiurlionis National Museum of Art. Till now this tour doesn’t have an educational function, but it will be integrated soon, the shortcomings and advantages of the service were noted, and the peculiarities were described. The success of this service was influenced by the reputation of the artist himself, whose paintings the museum is named after. Keywords: virtual reality, virtual tour, VR museum, VR service

    Збереження культурної спадщини на основі наполеонівського культурного маршруту наративу ради європи: приклад Литви

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    Cultural tourism is a type of tourism associated with educational, experiential trips of heritage, culture, and personal enrichment. One of the types of cultural tourism – cultural routes is based on significant tangible and intangible cultural heritage, its actualization, cultural phenomena, historical personalities, etc. The article aims to clarify the requirements for a country to join the Council of Europe’s Napoleonic Cultural Route “Destination Napoleon”. The problem of this studie – it is not clear whether joining the Council of Europe cultural route “Destination Napoleon” will have a positive impact on the preservation of cultural heritage. The aim: find out the requirements for joining the Council of Europe’s Napoleon Cultural Route (Destination Napoleon) regarding the preservation of cultural heritage. Research tasks: 1) To define the concept of the cultural route of the Council of Europe, emphasizing the Napoleonic cultural route 2) Find out the requirements for joining the Council of Europe’s cultural routes; 3) To find out the opinion of experts on Lithuania’s compliance with the requirements of membership of the Council of Europe “Napoleon’s cultural route” (Destination Napoleon) regarding the preservation of cultural heritage. Research methodology. Analysis of scientific literature sources, current reports in the media, European Council documents and statistical data; A qualitative study was carried out – an expert interview, based on a pre-prepared questionnaire; formulation of conclusions. The research showed that the absence of the necessary association prevents Lithuania from becoming a member of the “Destination Napoleon” project, which prevents the implementation of further requirements, when joining would have a positive impact on the preservation of cultural heritage in Lithuania. Keywords: cultural route, Napoleon, Council of Europe (COE), requirements, Lithuania

    Оцінка публічного простору як доступного для всіх місця проведення вільного часу: на прикладі Santaka park

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    In the areas of urban public space planning and community engagement, the accessibility of public spaces is an important and relevant topic. These spaces serve as community facilities where people from various walks of life gather for leisure activities (Zhang, & He, 2020). But ensuring that the space is fully accessible to everyone, regardless of their age, ability or education, is a multifaceted challenge. Scholars Leclercq and Pojani (2023) argue that one of the most significant concepts of public spaces is their ability to promote social cohesion and community building for everyone. According to Leclercq and Pojani, (2023), the purpose of these spaces is to become a servant and help all local people to gather, communicate and engage in various activities. And here, according to Zhang and He (2020), the concept of public space means that everyone should have a common space where they can choose and connect, and it helps to create a wider community. At its core, the concept of public space is about the creation and maintenance of space that is open and accessible to all members of the community (Charmaz, 2020). Deepening how people communicate and what they expect from the construction of a public place, where they visit and what activities they would like to be carried out, this is precisely what affects its physical design, the devices that appear (Habermas, 2022; Thomas, et al., 2022). Looking at the importance of public spaces for the individual and their possibilities for leisure time, today's society is a relevant and important question. It is the case of Santakas Park, which is located in the heart of the Kaunas city center, that is relevant from this point of view and allows us to better understand how urban leisure spaces accessible to all can change and satisfy the needs of residents and quality of life indicators. It is also very important that the quality indicators of public spaces directly affect people's psychological and physical state (Azhar, Hardilla, & Kurniawan, 2021). This research will also shed light on the issues surrounding the ever-emerging lack of knowledge and provide insights and understanding of the current concept of public spaces. The aim of the article is to analyze public space as a place for free time accessible to everyone in the case of Santaka Park. To achieve the goal, the following problematic questions are raised: how are the public spaces of Santaka Park, as places of free time accessible to all, evaluated and experienced? How can we ensure that public spaces are adapted to people of different ages, abilities and needs? How can different cultural and social groups be taken into account to create public spaces that are welcoming and inviting to diverse communities? Research methods. In order to understand the dynamics, ways of use, social interaction and overall impact on communities, the theoretical analysis method examines public space, scientific literature, conditions of importance of dialogue, methods and other multidisciplinary approaches needed for the analysis of public spaces, including various research methods. Keywords: public space, leisure, park, place accessible to all

    Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės augustinų bažnyčių architektūra

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    Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės „Šv. Augustino šeimos“ bažnyčių architektūra yra gana nuosekli. Jos buvo stačiakampio plano sienų ir kolonų konstrukcijos su kukliu vienanaviu interjeru, trumpu dviejų arba trijų tarpsnių korpusu ir jame išskirta presbiterija. Nesant tikslių statybos reglamentų ar netgi bendrų gairių, kanoninių kongregacijų bažnyčios buvo statomos atsižvelgiant į fundatoriaus galimybes ir lūkesčius bei konkrečios bendruomenės poreikius. Taigi, nors mūrines bažnyčias daugiausia statė bajorai ir magnatai, jų lokacija nedideliuose miesteliuose ir kaimuose nulėmė nedidelį tūrį ir skurdžius, dažniausiai vienanavius interjerus. Be to, kai kurių architektūrinės programos buvo itin minimalios. Pavyzdžiui, nors Lietuvos Brastos bažnyčia stovėjo svarbiame politiniame centre, pastatas buvo suprojektuotas stačiakampio plano, o salės interjere nebuvo išskirta presbiterija. Tokiame kontekste Slanimo vienanavės bažnyčios lotyniško kryžiaus planas yra unikalus. Vis dėlto reikia atkreipti dėmesį į tai, kad Laterano kanauninkai perėmė šią bažnyčią tuomet, kai ji jau buvo pastatyta, ir todėl ne begalėjo turėti įtakos jos formai. Lotyniško kryžiaus planas būdingas ir didžiausiai bei didingiausiai Vilniaus Antakalnio Šv. Petro ir Povilo Laterano kanauninkų bažnyčiai. Ji vienintelė buvo uždengta kupolu. Daugumos bažnyčių fasadai neturi bokšto arba turi vieną varpinę. Šiuo požiūriu išsiskiria dvi Laterano kanauninkų šventovės Vilniuje ir Michališkėse. Antakalnio bažnyčios fasadas yra ypatingas, nes jį sudaro du bokštai. Tuo pačiu šis fasadas, kurį puošia kolonos ir chiaroscuro, su balkonu ir dideliu langu ant ašies, dekoruotas stiuko lipdyba, yra romėniško pobūdžio. Dažniausiai kukliai „Šv. Augustino šeimos“ bažnyčių architektūrai yra būdingas viduramžių erdvės organizavimas, daugiausia eremitų bažnyčiose. Tiek abiejų Tautų Respublikos, tiek Europos Naujųjų laikų architektūros kontekste šios bažnyčios išsiskiria nebent savo akivaizdžiai mažu tūriu. „Šv. Augustino šeimos“ bažnyčios, vidur amžiais statytos Centrinėje Europoje ir modernizuotos XVII–XVIII a., suvaidino ypač svarbų vaidmenį įtvirtinant kuklias architektūrines formas. Reikšminiai žodžiai: augustinų vienuolijos, Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės architektūra, baroko architektūra, vienuolynų architektūra.The Order of St. Augustine, along with the Canons Regular of the Penitence of the Blessed Martyrs and the Canons Regular of the Lateran, constitutes “the family of St. Augustine” – religious congregations rooted in the Rule of St. Augustine and actively developing the spirituality inspired by the bishop of Hippo. This paper aims to explore the churches affiliated with these orders in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. It seeks to address the question of whether the communal spirit is reflected in the formal solutions employed in these churches, and whether these orders adhered to typical architectural forms, or each order developed its own distinctive architectural character. Keywords: Augustinian orders, architecture of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, baroque architecture, monastic architecture

    Church of Our Lady of Consolation in Vilnius: the problem of prototype and authorship

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    Straipsnis skirtas unikalaus vėlyvojo baroko architektūros kūrinio – Vilniaus Švč. Mergelės Marijos Ramintojos bažnyčios – prototipo ir autorystės klausimui. Vienabokščio bažnyčios fasado architektūrinis sprendimas išskirtinis ne tik Vilniaus, bet ir visos Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės XVIII a. sakralinės architektūros kontekste. Fasado kompozicinis savitumas žadina norą išsiaiškinti galimą pirmavaizdį ir projekto autorių. Tyrimui susiklostė nepalankios sąlygos – istorinių dokumentų, sutarčių, sąskaitų knygų neišlikę, nėra duomenų apie statybos ir dekoravimo darbus atlikusius meistrus. Siekis nustatyti išskirtinės architektūros bažnyčios projektuotoją istoriografijoje suformavo situaciją, kai autorystė buvo priskirta neturint argumentuoto istorinio ar stilistinio pagrindimo. Straipsnyje istorinio ir meninio konteksto pagrindu aptariamas statinio prototipo klausimas. Remiantis istoriografija, archyviniais šaltiniais, stilistine analize nagrinėjama, kuris iš XVIII a. antrame ketvirtyje Vilniuje dirbusių architektų galėtų būti laikomas Vilniaus Švč. Mergelės Marijos Ramintojos bažnyčios projekto sumanytoju. Reikšminiai žodžiai: XVIII a., Vilniaus Švč. Mergelės Marijos Ramintojos bažnyčia, vėlyvojo baroko architektūra, prototipas, autorystė, architektai.In the context of the Vilnius Baroque School, the Augustinian Church of Our Lady of Consolation stands out as a distinctive architectural gem. The façade of this single-tower church is unparalleled among sacral architecture not only in Vilnius but throughout the entire Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the 18th century. Despite its uniqueness, the church has long been overlooked by art and architecture historians due to the loss of the Augustinian monastery’s archive, which contained crucial construction documents. The absence of archival records has hampered research into the church and monastery’s history, and the identity of the architect remains a mystery obscured by various assumptions. The construction of the church, initiated by Kazimierz Dominyk Królikowski, the prosecutor and envoy of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, supervisor of Tendžiogala, began in 1738, funded by his will. The construction and interior decoration unfolded between approximately 1738/46 and 1757. Around 1790–1810, the façade underwent reconstruction with the addition of square-plan annexes, the treasury-library and the chapel of the Lord Jesus. This alteration, while expanding the church, deviated from the original design, disrupting the intended emphasis on the vertical line, dynamism, and the impression of spatial dissection. The article focuses on two main issues: the potential prototype of the church and its authorship. It briefly traces the evolution of single-tower Catholic churches in Central Europe and posits the Cathedral of the Holy Trinity in Dresden, commissioned by Augustus III, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, as a key prototype for the church façade. Gaetano Chiaveri, an architect from the royal court milieu, supervised the design of the Dresden Cathedral and its construction, which began in 1738. The article explores segments of Chiaveri’s creative path to uncover how certain cultural experiences and architectural ideas circulated in various socio-cultural environments, among different creators and states, shedding light on the channels through which the Dresden Cathedral’s concept could have developed and reached Vilnius. The architect responsible for the design of the Church of Our Lady of Consolation remains unknown, with historiography suggesting several potential architects. This article critically assesses the validity of these assumptions. It concludes that attributing the authorship to the Augustinian monk Erazm Bartold-Grymała lacks source based and theoretical justification rooted in stylistic features. An additional review of historiography, along with an analysis of both previously discovered and new sources, rejects the claim of Antonio Ludovico Paracco’s authorship. While the version proposing Joannes Valentinus Tobias de Dyderzteyn (Didreysteen, Didrichstein, Dietrichstein) as the architect, which had been previously raised by the author of this article, it is now subject to questioning. Although, in the totality of the analyzed data, Dyderzteyn’s authorship seems the most convincing, deeper stylistic and comparative studies are deemed necessary for robust argumentation. Doubts about his possible authorship stem from the newly discovered fact that the construction of the church might have started before Dyderzteyn arrived in Vilnius. The article explores the potential authorship of Giuseppe (Józef) Fontana, an architect active in Vilnius. This analysis is based on the interpretation of historical facts and a stylistic examination. Among the architects of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Fontana is considered as an architect who could have been exposed to the construction of the Wettin Cathedral or its drawings, possibly even having a personal acquaintance with the architect Gaetano Chiaveri. However, a critical analysis of the architectural stylistics reveals no common features between Giuseppe Fontana’s work and the Church of Our Lady of Consolation in Vilnius, making it difficult to hypothesize about his authorship. The article briefly discusses several other architects working in Vilnius during the church’s construction. It is concluded that the architect behind the design of the Church of Our Lady of Consolation was knowledgeable about the practice of designing single-tower churches. Their professional expertise encompassed not only the traditions of Italian High Baroque architecture but also familiarity with the contemporaneous stylistic innovations in Italian Late Baroque and the architectural context of Saxony and Bavaria. These influences are reflected in the shape, proportions, and expression of the architectural elements of the Church of Our Lady of Consolation’s façade. Keywords: 18th century, Church of Our Lady of Consolation in Vilnius, Late Baroque architecture, prototype, authorship, architects

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    “Lituanistika”, International Research Database
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