“Lituanistika”, International Research Database
Not a member yet
44618 research outputs found
Sort by
About the Great fire of Klaipėda
No full text2024-aisiais sukanka 170 metų nuo Klaipėdą nusiaubusio Didžiojo gaisro. Tokia proga paskatino prisiminti šią XIX amžiuje uostamiestį ištikusią nelaimę. Apžvalgos tikslas – remiantis Lietuvos mokslų akademijos Vrublevskių bibliotekoje saugomais dokumentais, periodine spauda ir istorikų darbais, pristatyti Didžiojo Klaipėdos gaisro mastą, pasidalinti amžininkų prisiminimais bei liudijimais. Esminiai žodžiai: Didysis Klaipėdos gaisras; Klaipėda; Johann Sembritzki; masonai; ložė Memphis; Heinrich Schliemann; Johanas Ferdinandas Kelkis; Emilija Beniovskytė-Vrublevskienė.2024 marks the 170th anniversary of the Great Fire that devastated Klaipėda. This city has suffered more than one fire, and not only at wartime. Historians have written extensively about it in periodicals and publications on the history of the Klaipėda region. The greatest calamity befell Klaipėda in the mid-19th century. On 4 October 1854, a warehouse owned by the merchant Wilhelm Muttray (1806–1864), which was full of hemp and tallow, caught fire. Aided by strong wind, the fire soon spread not only to the quays, but also to a large part of the city, which housed warehouses full of flax, hemp, timber and other goods in demand at the time. The fire caused considerable damage to Klaipėda, burning residential houses, warehouses, churches, schools, public buildings, etc. After the fire, the city of Klaipėda was left in heavy debt. The Masonic lodges in Klaipėda and Königsberg (Memphis, Zum Totenkopf, Phönix) contributed to the relief effort to aid the victims. The Great Fire of Klaipėda was mentioned in autobiography of Heinrich Schliemann (1822–1890), a merchant, a famous German archaeologist, and the discoverer of the city of Troy described by Homer. Emilia z Beniowskich Wróblewska (1830–1886) wrote about the fire in her diary. One of the first reports in the history of Lithuanian-language journalism is related to the Great Fire of Klaipėda. It was written by Johann Ferdinand Kelch (1801–1877), a well-known man of letters and educator. Based on documents, periodicals and history works kept in the Wroblewski Library of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences, this review looks at the scope of the Great Fire of Klaipėda, drawing on remembrances and testimonies of contemporaries. Keywords: Great Fire of Klaipėda; Klaipėda; Johann Sembritzki; masons; Lodge Memphis; Heinrich Schliemann; Johann Ferdinand Kelch; Emilia z Beniowskich Wróblewska
The Recreational value of the Baltic sea coast: a spatially explicit site choice model accounting for environmental conditions
No full textThe coast plays a signifcant recreational role in the nine countries around the Baltic Sea. More than 70% of the population of these countries visit the coast, representing some 80 million recreational visits annually. Understanding the values associated with coastal recreation, and the potential welfare changes resulting from improvements in the state of environmental and infrastructure conditions of the Baltic Sea coast is important for marine environment management in the region. We estimate a spatially explicit travel cost model for Baltic coast recreation to assess the welfare of accessing individual sites, identify recreational hot spots and simulate the welfare changes resulting from improvements in environmental and infrastructure conditions. The total benefts associated with Baltic Sea coast based recreation amount to 27.5 billion EUR per year with signifcant variation across sites. Improving water quality and infrastructure boost the recreational value by nearly 6.2 billion EUR, an increase of about a fifth of the existing recreational benefts. Keywords: recreational benefts, site choice, random utility model, Baltic Sea, Blue Flag
Experiences of setting short-term learning goals for primary school students and reflecting on their implementation: a case study of one Lithuanian school
No full textThe article presents the results of an action research study in which 4th-grade students (aged 10-11) were taught to independently set short-term learning goals and reflect on their implementation by reflecting on their educational experiences. The aim of the study is to investigate and describe the experiences of primary school students in independently setting short-term, one-week personal learning goals, how they reflect on goal implementation methods and achieved results when applying action research. The study involved 50 students and 4 teachers. The research was conducted from May to August 2023. The article presents significant data showing how students formulated short-term goals and how they were able to reflect on their implementation experience. In the empirical part, systematic data are presented on how students relate goals to specific subject content, adherence to class agreements, student behavior in the classroom, independently applied learning strategies, and students’ personal characteristics. Keywords: short-term learning goal setting and implementation; reflection; experiences; primary school students; school case
Helping institutionalised children through a trusting relationship - findings from a one-year psychosocial intervention programme
No full textChildren growing up in institutions lack a stable relationship—essential for development. A significant proportion of them have disorganised attachment, which is associated with negative outcomes. Therefore, interventions aimed at improving attachment security are needed. We conducted a case series study (involving five participants aged 8–11 years) in a newly established psychosocial rehabilitation daycare centre to describe the changes in attachment security and mental health of institutionalised children after one year of attendance. The intervention consisted of individualised care focusing on staff building a trusting relationship with participants using the principles of Trust-Based Relational Intervention® (TBRI). Measures such as the Child Attachment Interview, SDQ, CBCL6/18, TRF6/18, and clinical interviews were used to follow change. The descriptive data of five participants are presented. All five children improved in mental health, and for two participants, organisation of attachment changed. Three children experienced relational ruptures. The findings suggest that psychosocial interventions that focus on building trusting relationships may be beneficial in institutionalised children. For these children, given their life history, it can be damaging to experience repeated breakdowns. Thus, the practical implication is that any new relationship for them with an adult should be established after an assessment of whether the relationship can be sustained. Keywords: attachment; disorganisation; institutionalised children; psychosocial interventions; Trust-Based Relational Intervention
Impact of website quality and user satisfaction on consumer loyalty in Lithuanian C2C e-commerce platforms
No full textThis study was commenced to understand the effect of consumer satisfaction and website quality on loyalty in the Consumer to Consumer (C2C) E-Commerce business. This study used a survey method with the questionnaire as an instrument to gather the data required. As many as 400 respondents participated in this study, whereas all data was collected from those living in Lithuania and have used this website before. All data was then further processed and analysed using SPSS software. Descriptive statistics and regression analyses was used to determine website quality and satisfaction impact for consumer loyalty. After analysing all the gathered data, it can be concluded that website quality, and satisfaction positively affect customer loyalty in the C2C e-commerce business. Keywords: website quality, consumer loyalty, satisfaction, C2C E-commerce platforms
From the dictionary of the sanctuaries of the Balts: stabakūliai
No full textStraipsnis sugrąžina prie nepaprastą formą ir ypatingas žymes turinčią akmenų, kuriuos dažnai išvystame stovinčius, o dar dažniau - pastatytus sodybų darželiuose, prie muziejų ar kur pakelėje. Patirtą įspūdį apsakome kaip nuostabą, ir tai labai gilus jausmas: prie baltų šventviečių akmenų - stabakūlių jis, ko gero, buvo patiriamas nuo priešistorinių laikų. Krikščionybės laikotarpiu baltų religijos dievybės, kurias plačiausia prasme įkūnijo stabakūliai, imtos vaizduoti kaip už religinių draudimų pažeidimą nubausti asmenys. Antrame ir trečiame straipsnio skyriuose pateiktos žinios apie Žemaitijos ir tris Latvijos, Baltarusijos bei Lenkijos stabakūlius rodo, kad prie jų buvo aukojama, ir šių apeigų atgarsiai kai kuriais atvejais pasiekė XX-XXI a. sandūrą. Reikšminiai žodžiai: baltų religija, šventvietės, šventi akmenys (stabakūliai), Žemaitija.The article is dedicated to extraordinarily shaped stones with special marks that we can often see standing and even more often — erected in the yards of houses, near museums, or by the roadside. We describe the experience of seeing them as astonishment and it is a very deep feeling that arises from prehistoric times, typical of the stones from the Baltic sanctuaries - stabakuliai. Research so far and the data collected by the author allow us to provide the following definition of stabakuliai: standing stones, which, from a mythical point of view, are beings that have been stopped (solidified, hardened, or frozen) in time. Moreover, stabakūliai evoke a sense of a wonder from observers. The deities of the Baltic religion, which were embodied in the stabakūliai — sometimes even with visible features - during the Christian period were portrayed as persons who violated religious prohibitions. The stabakūliai were also often seen as monuments marking graves. It should be emphasised that the definition of stabakūliai is not influenced by the geological origin and size of the stones. However, they are often uneven, distinguished by their distinctive shape and surface patterns. Data on three stabakuliai in Latvia, Belarus, and Poland not only expand the geographical area of research but also essentially enrich their narrative with knowledge about religious practices. In prehistoric times, sacrifices were made to the stabakūliai and echoes of these rituals survived until the 18th century, and in some cases - until the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries. The stabakūliai tradition, which had almost been completely forgotten in modern times, was brought back to the attention of Lithuanian society a century ago by the texts of P. Tarasenka and his efforts to cultivate an interest in archaeological heritage
Debt to a perished nation
No full textŠiemet turėtų pasirodyti jau šeštasis XVII a. istoriko Mato Pretorijaus „Prūsijos įdomybių, arba Prūsijos regyklos“ tomas, apimantis dar 5 (X-XIV) šio įspūdingo veikalo knygas. Jį parengė istorikė habil. dr. Ingė LUKŠAITĖ su grupe bendradarbių. Jos žodžiais primename, kad M. Pretorijus gimė Klaipėdoje (apie 1635-1704 m.), studijavo Karaliaučiaus ir Rostoko universitetuose, kur gavo magistro laipsnį, 1661-1663 m. dirbo diakonu Klaipėdoje, po to du dešimtmečius — liuteronų kunigu Nybudžiuose (vok. Niebudzen, dab. Krasnogorskas). 1684 m. išvyko iš Prūsijos Kunigaikštystės į Lenkijos Karalystę, ėjo Lenkijos karaliaus ir Lietuvos didžiojo kunigaikščio istoriografo pareigas, tapo katalikų kunigu, nuo 1688 m. iki mirties gyveno ir dirbo Veiherove (vok. Neustadt — Noištatas, lenk. Wejherowo). Apie 2 tūkst. puslapių veikale „Prūsijos įdomybės“ (Deliciae Prussicae), kuris padalintas į 18 knygų, M. Pretorijus rašė išnykusios prūsų tautos istoriją, siekė ją pratęsti iki XVII a. ir aprėpti visą kadaise prūsų gyventos teritorijos (nuo Nemuno žemupio iki Vyslos) istorijos kontekstą, kūrė kultūrinės atminties tekstą. Taip pat paskelbė istorijos, Bažnyčios istorijos veikalų, proginių kūrinių, į lietuvių kalbą vertė giesmes1. Teiraujamės leidinio sudarytojos, kas paskatino imtis šio daugiatomio kultūros istorijos šaltinio rengimo spaudai, t. y. skirti savojo gyvenimo dešimtmečius prieš daugiau nei tris šimtus metų parašytam rankraščiui. Ir nuoširdžiai džiaugiamės, kad tiek XVII a., tiek XXI a. pasišventėlių dėka mums prieš akis veriasi labai plati ir įvairialypė Prūsijos ar Prūsų Lietuvos istorijos ir gyvenimo panorama. Kalbino Saulė Matulevičienė.A conversation with the historian habil. Dr Ingė Lukšaitė, who together with a group of collaborators is preparing for publication the manuscript Deliciae Prussicae oder Preussische Schaubiihne by the 17th-century historian Matas Pretorijus (Matthaus Pratorius, ca. 1635-1704). Pretorijus wrote about the history of the extinct Prussian nation, seeking to extend it to the 17th century and to encompass the entire territory once inhabited by the Prussians (from the lower reaches of the Nemunas to the Vistula) in the context of history. The editor recalls the history of this manuscript: a full copy of the 18th-century text was found in the Konigsberg region in 1945-1946, and later Vilnius University acquired half of the manuscript from an unknown person. The researcher searched for and found information about the author in the memory institutions of Poland and Germany. In the conversation, Deliciae Prussicae is compared to other chronicles of that time. According to the researcher, unlike many of his contemporaries, Pretorijus did not view the Prussians from the perspective of conquerors; to him, the Prussians themselves were the subject of history. Devoting his entire life to the history of the extinct nation, he created a text of cultural memory. The sixth volume of this work is expected to be published this year
Features of the decision-making process of social workers in social care homes
No full textPagal Statistikos departamento (2023) duomenis, 2022 m. asmenų, atvykusių į globos įstaigas ir savarankiško gyvenimo namus, skaičius išaugo 51 proc. nuo 2018 m., rodant nuolatinį socialinių paslaugų poreikį. Šis tyrimas siekia atskleisti socialinių darbuotojų sprendimų priėmimo proceso ypatumus socialinės globos namuose. Tyrimo aktualumas grindžiamas poreikiu prisitaikyti prie augančio globos namų gyventojų skaičiaus ir užtikrinti aukštą paslaugų kokybę. Problema – kokie yra socialinių darbuotojų sprendimų priėmimo proceso ypatumai socialinės globos namuose? Tyrimo metodai apima mokslinės literatūros analizę, pusiau struktūruotus interviu ir kokybinę turinio analizę. Tyrimo metu apklausti septyni socialiniai darbuotojai, dirbantys globos namuose. Gauti rezultatai parodė, kad sprendimų priėmimo procesas yra daugialypis, reikalaujantis asmeninių ir situacinių veiksnių integracijos. Asmeniniai veiksniai apima vertybes, kompetenciją, profesionalumą, žinias, įgūdžius ir konfidencialumą. Situaciniai veiksniai apima ryšį ir bendradarbiavimą su klientu, klientų poreikius ir unikalumą bei diskusijų laisvę. Tyrimo rezultatai taip pat parodė, kad socialiniai darbuotojai susiduria su iššūkiais - motyvacijos stoka, artimųjų pasyvumu, laiko trūkumu ir pasitikėjimo įgijimo sunkumais. Raktiniai žodžiai: sprendimų priėmimo procesas; sprendimai socialinės globos namuose.According to the Department of Statistics (2023), the number of individuals admitted to residential care homes and independent living homes for adults in 2022 was 2,407, representing a 51% increase from 2018. This data indicates a continuing need for social services in care homes and the necessity of making effective decisions during service provision. With the growing number of adults entering care homes, understanding the decision-making process becomes crucial to adapt to changing demographic needs. Decision-making in residential care homes is a complex process that involves assessing and meeting residents' health, psychological, and social needs. Social workers make decisions about individual care plans, therapeutic interventions, and daily activities, considering residents' physical health, mental well-being, and overall quality of life (Ebsen, 2018). These decisions often require balancing individual needs with group dynamics (Lee, Splawa-Neyman & McDermott, 2022), managing resources (Vis & Fossum, 2015), addressing ethical issues (Úriz Pemán et al., 2017), and collaborating with healthcare professionals, nurses, administrative staff (Gallagher, Smith, Hardy & Wilkinson, 2012), and residents' families (Kaner, 2014). The decision-making process directly impacts residents' well-being and quality of life (Whittaker, 2018), while presenting various challenges such as complex resident needs, limited resources, balancing individual and group needs, and providing emotional support (Rollins, 2020; Clarke & Westmore, 2022). Studying the characteristics of the decision-making process in residential care homes is essential to improve the overall quality of social care, ensure ethical and effective practices, optimize resources, and prepare for future challenges. This research benefits residents and aids social workers and administrators in providing the best possible care. The research problem focuses on the characteristics of the decision-making process of social workers in residential care homes. The objectives of this study include: (1) discussing the significance of decision-making in residential care homes; (2) investigating the characteristics of the decision-making process of social workers in these settings. Methods used include scientific literature analysis and qualitative research through semi-structured interviews and qualitative content analysis. Key findings reveal that decision-making in residential care homes involves personal and situational factors, emphasizing the importance of teamwork, diversity of decisions, and creativity. Personal factors include the social worker's values, competence, professionalism, knowledge, and confidentiality, while situational factors highlight the importance of relationships and collaboration with clients, recognizing clients' needs and uniqueness, and allowing for discussion and deliberation. Challenges identified include client motivation and involvement, lack of time, gaining client trust, and the passive involvement of family members
Searching for an optimal model for the renewal of the Constitutional Court to avoid a constitutional crisis: dream or reality?
No full textThe failed renewal of the Constitutional Court in Lithuania was not the first in Europe, and will not be the last. The appointment of constitutional judges, usually undertaken with the involvement of the political institutions, became a very sensitive issue closely linked to their independence. After a sequence of unsuccessful attempts to renew the composition of constitutional courts, some states fall into a deep democratic backsliding, while some take the initiative to reform the existing appointment procedure, seeking to prevent the politicisation of constitutional control institutions. A universal and standardised one-size-fits-all model does not exist, as each particular national context must be considered. However, certain lessons are to be learned and certain pitfalls to be avoided. Constitutional courts must correspond to the criteria of the tribunal established by law, as disclosed in international jurisprudence. For this purpose, the proper law is needed. This article analyses the advantages and shortcomings of some elements of the proposed and partly realised Slovak reform on the appointment of constitutional judges that Lithuania and other states could benefit from. This allows for the conclusion that the explicit criterion of professional reputation might prevent arbitrary nominations and ensure that the best judge for the court and the society would be appointed. Contrary to most convictions, a larger majority in the Parliament is not necessary to keep this procedure in line with the principle of the rule of law. The only requirement is that the law must be clear, unambiguous and provide for the steps to be taken if the rotation fails. Keywords: constitutional court, judicial independence, appointment procedures, separation of powers, tribunal established by law, rule of law
Legal aspects of membership in a trade union: a case study of Lithuania.
No full textThe aim of this article is to address the questions of how the principle of freedom of association and the prohibition of discrimination on the basis of trade union membership are understood and to identify legal obstacles for an effective implementation of the right to join trade unions. International, EU regional and Lithuanian national legislation, as well as the case law of the European Court of Human Rights, the Court of Justice of the European Union and Lithuanian courts have been explored to carry out the current study. The results confirm that membership can be interpreted broadly; therefore, members of a trade union may be required to possess certain working and legal capacities, as well as meet other requirements related to the trade union’s objectives, which are sometimes unreasonable. Due to possible exceptions, various members may be subject to different collective rights, for example, certain officers may not be permitted to strike, and some may not even be allowed to join associations. Keywords: trade unions, freedom of association, discrimination, collective bargaining, collective agreements