“Lituanistika”, International Research Database
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Lengvai suprantama kalba socialinei įtraukčiai - atvejo aprašymas
No full textStraipsnis „Lengvai suprantama kalba socialinei įtraukčiai – atvejo aprašymas“ sukurtas kaip atvejo analizė, kurios centre yra studijų kursas „Lengvai suprantama kalba socialinei įtraukčiai“. Kursas parengtas pagal ERASMUS+ projektą „Lengvai suprantamos kalbos skatinimas socialinei įtraukčiai“. Diskusijos kontekstas sukurtas platesniame diskurse apžvelgiant intralingvistinio vertimo mokymo galimybes vertėjams projekto valstybėse (Latvijoje, Lietuvoje, Slovėnijoje). Darbo tikslas yra retrospektyviai įvertinti kurso kokybę atsižvelgiant į tai, kad jis buvo parengtas siekiant pasiūlyti visapusišką įtraukiančios visuomenės, prieinamos informacijos bei lengvai suprantamos kalbos koncepcijų įvadą ir tokiu būdu ugdyti intralingvistinio vertimo sugebėjimus, reikalingus kognityviniam krūviui tiksliniame tekste mažinti. Atitinkamai analizės makrolygmeniu atskleidžiamas įtraukimo ir informacijos prieinamumo diskurso sociopolitinis rėmas bei lengvai suprantamos kalbos galutinių vartotojų svarba nustatant vertimo strategijas ir vertinant atliktus vertimus. Diskusijos viduriniu lygmeniu apžvelgiamas vokiečių akademikų siūlomas lengvai suprantamos kalbos vertėjo profilis (Maaß and Rink 2020) ir per minėtą projektą įgyta tiesioginė patirtis. Mikrolygmens analizė siūlo susipažinti su kurso planu ir mokomąja medžiaga, kuri sukurta taip, kad teiktų žinių, įgūdžių ir sugebėjimų, reikalingų kognityviniam krūviui mažinti leksiniu, sintaksiniu ir teksto rengimo lygmeniu bei teksto vizualiniam įforminimui. Kurso pabaigoje atliktos apklausos analizė leidžia tyrinėti galimybes skatinti lengvai suprantamos kalbos vertėjo profilio suvokimą ir atpažįstamumą. Numatyta, kad kursas tobulins žurnalistų, socialinių darbuotojų, mokytojų, vertėjų ir ryšių su visuomene specialistų darbą. Esminiai žodžiai: intralingvistinis vertimas, lengvai suprantama kalba, informacijos prieinamumas, lengvai suprantamos kalbos vertėjo profilis, kognityvinio krūvio mažinimasThe research is devised as a case study focused on the study course “Easy Language for Social Inclusion” developed within the ERASMUS+ project “Promoting Easy-to-Read Language for Social Inclusion/ PERLSI”. The discussion is contextualized within a broader discourse on the training opportunities available for translators in the project countries (Latvia, Lithuania, and Slovenia). The macro-level of analysis introduces the socio-political frame of discourse on inclusion and information accessibility. The meso-level discussion evolves around the Easy language translator’s profile, based on the best practice offered by German scholars (Maaß and Rink 2020) and the immediate experience acquired during the project. Micro-level analysis offers insights into the course syllabus, the study materials developed to ensure the acquisition of knowledge, skills, and competencies necessary for reducing cognitive load at lexical, syntactic, and textual levels as well as the visual language of the text. Keywords: intralingual translation, Easy language, information accessibility, Easy language translator profile, cognitive load reductio
Heterogeninis skaičius baltų kalbose
No full text"Heterogeniniu skaičiumi" vadintinos dviskaitos ar daugiskaitos formos, žyminčios du objektus, kurių vienas nėra tiesiogiai minimas. Pavyzdys yra ispanų kalbos žodis padres ‘tėvai’, apimantis sąvokas [tėvas] + [motina], tačiau reiškiamas tik žodžio padre ‘tėvas’ daugiskaita, paliekant neišreikštą ‘motiną’. Šio straipsnio tikslas — apibūdinti heterogeninio skaičiaus vartoseną indoeuropiečių kalbose, ypač lietuvių kalboje, kur skirtumas tarp tėvai (homogeninė daugiskaita) ir tėvaĩ (heterogeninė daugiskaita) dažnai siejamas su akcentinės paradigmos pasikeitimu. Galima įrodyti, kad heterogeninis skaičius yra nesenas reiškinys lietuvių kalboje, kilęs iš kolektyvinės reikšmės (‘tėvų grupė’), kurios akcentines savybes galima atsekti iki indoeuropiečių prokalbės kolektyvo.The ‘heterogeneous number’ refers to dual or plural forms including two items one of which is not directly denoted by the sum. An example is Spanish padres ‘parents’ which includes [father] + [mother], but is expressed by the plural of padre ‘father’, leaving implicit the ‘mother’. The aim of this paper is to describe the extension of the heterogeneous number in the Indo-European languages and particularly in Lithuanian, where a distinction between tėvai ‘fathers’ (homogeneous plural) and tėvaĩ ‘parents’ (heterogeneous plural) has often been associated with a shift of the accentual paradigm. It can be shown that the heterogeneous number is a recent development in Lithuanian and derives from a collective meaning (‘group of fathers’), whose accentual properties can be traced back to the Indo-European collective. Keywords: Lithuanian; grammatical number; plural; dual; accentual paradigm
Dėl keleto potencialių žodžių nebuvėlių baltų kalbose
No full textStraipsnyje nagrinėjami penki rytų baltų kalbų abejotinos kilmės žodžiai. (1) Lie. kẽmeras ‘toks augalas (Eupatorium)’ atsiradęs dėl Nesselmanno neteisingos nebevartojamo žodžio kiemerai ‘kaukas, slogutis’ interpretacijos ir patekęs į bendrinę kalbą per botaninę literatūrą; (2) sálti ‘tekėti’ žinomas tik iš vienintelio K. Jauniaus pavartojimo. Semantiškai jį galima interpretuoti ir kaip ‘šliaužti, sėlinti’ bei sieti su selėti ‘sėlinti’. Alternatyvias interpretacijas leidžia ir kitos su šia šaknimi siejamos formos; (3) bãlas ‘baltas’ žinomas tik iš Juškos žodyno, kur jis gali atspindėti bandymą paaiškinti žodį bãlas ‘plukė’, patvirtinamą nepriklausomų žemaitiškų šaltinių; (4) uodẽgis ‘lapė’, dažnai cituojamas germanistinėje literatūroje, atsiradęs iš klaidingos glosos Kuršaičio žodyne. Savo ruožtu uodẽgis ‘meilikautojas (Fuchsschwänzer)’, regis, atsiradęs Nesselmannui klaidingai perskaičius Milkaus žodyną; (5) tiek la. , tiek ikls ‘labai tamsus (stockfinster)’ pėdsakai veda iki neišlikusio Füreckerio rankraštinio žodyno; vienas jų beveik neabejotinai yra klaida, o užrašymą ikls maga interpretuoti kaip klaidą vietoj kitur paliudyto akls ‘aklas, labai tamsus’.In this paper, I discuss five words in the East Baltic languages which have a dubious history. (1) Lithuanian kẽmeras ‘hemp agrimony’ has entered the standard language through botanical literature and derives ultimately from Nesselmann’s incorrect interpretation of an obsolete kiemerai ‘demon(s), incubus’; (2) sálti ‘to flow’ is known only from a single quotation deriving from K. Jaunius. It seems just as possible to interpret it semantically as ‘to creep’ and therefore as related to Lithuanian selėti ‘to creep’. Other forms attributed to this root also permit alternative interpretations; (3) bãlas ‘white’ is known only from Juška’s dictionary, where it may represent a rationalization of bãlas ‘anemone’. Only the latter can independently be verified from Žemaitian sources; (4) uodẽgis ‘fox’, often quoted in the Germanicist literature, results from a misinterpretation of the gloss given in Kurschat’s dictionary. Furthermore, uodẽgis ‘Fuchsschwänzer’ seems, in turn, to derive from Nesselmann’s misreading of Mielcke’s dictionary; (5) both Latvian īls and ikls ‘stockfinster’ trace back to a lost manuscript dictionary by Fürecker; one is almost certainly an error, and it is further tempting to interpret ikls as an error for the otherwise attested akls ‘blind, pitch dark’. Keywords: Lithuanian; Latvian; lexicography; nomenclature; ghost word; Nesselmann; Kurschat
Fonetinė baltų kalbų prozodinių elementų interakcija: galimas teorinis modelis
No full textŠio straipsnio tikslas pasiūlyti fonetinės baltų kalbų prozodinių elementų interakcijos modelį. Teorinis ir eksperimentinis šios krypties tyrimų įdirbis byloja, kad šios problemos ne(iš)sprendimas didina klaidingo akustinių duomenų interpretavimo ar priskyrimo vienam ar kitam prozodiniam vienetui riziką. Ilgieji skiemenys, pavyzdžiui, kartais tampa kirčio, priegaidės ir intonacijos sinchroninės raiškos lauku, todėl kai kurių garsų kokybiniai ir kiekybiniai rodikliai vienu metu turi atstovauti ištisai elementų grupei. Kyla natūralus klausimas, kaip tokiomis sąlygomis yra realizuojami ir suderinami visų jų skiriamieji požymiai. Kol kas išsamaus atsakymo į šį klausimą neturėta, todėl buvo privalu imtis naujo tyrimo esamai probleminei situacijai spręsti. Pagrindinis šiame straipsnyje siūlomo modelio atskaitos taškas yra garso kontrolės kategorija, interpretuojama per F0 dinamikos prizmę. Vienoks ar kitoks balsių tono kitimas, atsižvelgiant į svarbiausias mioelastinės-aerodinaminės fonacijos teorijos nuostatas, yra sąlygojamas sąveikos tarp aerodinaminės ekspiracinės oro srauto jėgos ir jai besipriešinančių balso klosčių tamprumo, įtempimo jėgų. Čia svarbu išskirti du aspektus – F0 kitimo intensyvumą ir stabilumą. Ši skirtis ir yra loginis / fizikinis prozodinių elementų interakcijos pagrindas – vieni elementai implikuoja akustinės jėgos kiekį (F0 kitimo spartą), o kiti – tos jėgos distribuciją laike (F0 kitimo pastovumą / nepastovumą, tolydumą / netolydumą). Išanalizuoti duomenys ir išsakyti argumentai leidžia svarstyti hipotezę, kad pats F0 pokytis, žvelgiant į jį tiek pagal paradigminį, tiek pagal sintagminį vektorių, yra frazės intonacijos prerogatyva, o kiti du elementai, kirtis ir priegaidė, laikytini veiksniais, kurie reguliuoja skirtingą F0 pokyčio balansą tarpskiemeniniu lygiu. Kirtis lemia sintagminę tokios tono dinamikos distribuciją, o priegaidė – paradigminę.The aim of this paper is to propose a theoretical model of phonetic interaction between prosodic elements in the Baltic languages. Long syllables, for example, sometimes become the field of the synchronic realization of stress, syllable accent, and intonation. Therefore, the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of certain sounds must represent an entire group of elements in question. A natural question to ask, then, is how the distinctive features of all these elements are realized and combined. A point of reference for the model of this interaction could be a category of sound control/balance, interpreted in terms of F0 dynamics. The data presented in this paper allow us to consider the hypothesis that F0 change, viewed both in terms of paradigmatic and syntagmatic vectors, is the prerogative of phrasal intonation. The other two elements, namely word stress and syllable accents, are to be regarded as factors that regulate the balance of F0 change at the intersyllabic level. Word stress determines the syntagmatic distribution of tonal dynamics of this kind, whereas syllable accents determine the paradigmatic one. Keywords: Baltic languages; phonetic interaction; prosody; F0 dynamics; jerk; word stress; syllable accent; intonation
The Relationship between principals' perception of their leadership style and positive attitudes towards change in the light of COVID-19 pandemic
No full textThe global COVID-19 pandemic has caused one of the largest disruptions in world education systems ever in history. This situation has greatly affected the educational systems, causing unprecedented pressure “from above” and the need for strategically unpredictable changes in educational organisations. The COVID-19 pandemic is a recent example of a globally imposed change for nations across the globe. Unlike the organisational change research that has existed so far, school principals have simultaneously become change initiators and executors in their school in the context of this imposed change. In this case, school principals may hold negative attitudes towards the change, and thus resist change implementation and do not support their school community members. Therefore, the paper examines whether, and to what extent, school principals’ leadership style (adaptive, distributed, collaborative) predicts their positive attitudes towards change. For this purpose, 229 school principals from Lithuania took part in this study. A quantitative research strategy, using adaptive, collaborative, and distributed leadership, and attitude towards change scales, was applied. The findings from multiple linear regression reveal that adaptive, distributed, and collaborative leadership styles are positively related to their positive attitudes towards change. More specifically, adaptive leadership is the strongest predictor for school principals’ positive attitudes towards change. The study uncovers the under researched connection between the leadership style and attitudes towards change in the light of the imposed changes and gives practical implications for the future. Keywords: COVID-19, adaptive leadership, distributed leadership, collaborative leadership, principal, attitudes towards change
Litavsko-engleska terminološka baza kibernetičke sigurnosti: načela strukturiranja i prikupljanja podataka
No full textThe aim of the paper is to present compilation and structuring principles, scope and development possibilities of the bilingual Lithuanian-English cybersecurity termbase. The paper discusses different approaches to terminology management, the best practices of which have been used to collect cybersecurity terminology and compile the termbase. Data collection has been mainly based on semasiological and corpus-driven approaches involving creation of deep learning systems trained to extract terminology from the cybersecurity corpora. To achieve systematicity and comprehensiveness of the dataset, the onomasiological and corpus-based approaches have also been incorporated in the data collection process. The termbase design decisions (its macrostructure and microstructure) have been based on onomasiological principles, while term variation has been handled by applying the descriptive approach. The termbase has been developed in the open-source cloud-based terminological management platform Terminologue. To ensure interoperability, the termbase has been exported into the TBX format and deposited into the CLARIN-LT repository. The paper also discusses possibilities of publishing terminological data as linguistic linked open data and linking it with other terminological resources and cybersecurity ontologies. The termbase is expected to be useful for cybersecurity specialists, translators, terminographers, lexicographers and the general public, as well as to contribute to the development of the Lithuanian cybersecurity terminology. Keywords: cybersecurity; termbase; terminology management; termbase structure; LLOD
Determining positive behavioral skills in different age groups of young basketball players during the pandemic
No full textAssessing psychological indicators such as positive behavioral skills in the context of adolescent personality development during the pandemic era is highly relevant: the growing problem of peer disrespect among adolescents who participate in sports has recently become an undeniable scientific issue. This study aimed to analyze positive behavioral skills in the cadet (U16) and junior (U18) age groups of young basketball players during the COVID-19 pandemic. The participants were 378 male athletes (age 16.36 ± 1.15 years). Results revealed that U18 athletes are more capable of taking responsibility, positively evaluating themselves, behaving pro-socially with teammates, cooperating, demonstrating assertiveness, demonstrating self-control, and managing emotions than U16 adolescent athletes. When comparing the effect sizes in the current study during the pandemic with similar studies by other authors, the pandemic may have had a larger negative effect on some positive behavioral skills (ability to control emotions, social responsibility skills, cooperation skills) in U16 athletes than in U18 athletes, as the effect sizes were small before the pandemic and moderate during the pandemic in the current study. This study’s results may be useful for developing and implementing a young athletes’ education program based on a comprehensive model of positive behavioral skills that include the indicators analyzed. Keywords: young athletes; COVID-19 pandemic; positive personal skills; positive social skills; positive emotional skill
Christian anthropology as essential component of methodological foundation of Catholic pedagogy
No full textStraipsnyje teoriškai pagrindžiama krikščioniškosios antropologijos svarba katalikiškajai pedagogikai, apibūdinami pagrindiniai katalikiškosios pedagogikos parametrai ir atskleidžiamas krikščioniškosios antropologijos vaidmuo katalikiškai ugdant. Šiame straipsnyje analizuojami pagrindiniai katalikiškosios pedagoginės veiklos principai, kuriais vadovaujantis, keliami aiškūs reikalavimai profesinėms ugdytojų kompetencijoms, siejami su jų asmeninėmis moralinėmis savybėmis: meile žmogui, pagarba, gerumu, atsakomybe už bendrąjį gėrį ir kt. Straipsnio pabaigoje pateikiamos teoriškai pagrįstos šio tyrimo išvados. Raktažodžiai: katalikiškoji pedagogika, krikščioniškoji antropologija, žmogaus, kaip vientiso asmens, samprata.The article theoretically reasons the importance of Christian anthropology for Catholic pedagogy, describes the basic parameters of Catholic pedagogy and reveals the role of Christian anthropology in Catholic pedagogy. The article analyses the basic principles of Catholic pedagogical activity, which place clear demands on the professional competences of educators in terms of personal moral qualities: love of man, respect, kindness, responsibility for the common good, etc. Finally, the theoretically grounded conclusions of this study are presented. Key words: Catholic pedagogy, Christian anthropology, the concept of integrity of the human person
Strategies for a nonviolent response to perpetrator actions: what can christianity offer to targets of workplace mobbing?
No full textThis study sought to identify what strategies Christianity can offer for a morally justifiable, nonviolent response to mobbing actions. A qualitative content analysis of the Gospel of Luke was performed, and Heinz Leymann’s action groups of workplace mobbing were used to create categories. Three strategies of nonviolent response to attacks on communication, personal and professional reputation as well as social exclusion and physical attacks were identified. T heir set consists of active efforts to maintain the observers’ support, refusal to engage in a stubborn and destructive struggle, and cognitive reappraisal and making sense of negative experiences. The possibilities for using these strategies in different situations are discussed, and directions for further research are outlined, enabling us to evaluate the effec-tiveness of millennia-old religious coping practices in cases of workplace mobbing. Keywords: workplace mobbing, non-violence, Christianity, victim, perpetrator
Zervynos prehistoric settlement
No full text2022 m. Zervynų kaimo gyvenvietės (UK 10305) ir senovės gyvenvietės (UK 3668) teritorijose (Varėnos r., Marcinkonių sen.), Ūlos gatvėje, planuotos tiesti elektros trasos vietoje, atlikti žvalgomieji tyrimai, kurių metu ištirti 22 šurfai (22 m2 bendro ploto) ir dvi žvalgomosios perkasos (20 m2 bendro ploto).In 2022, a field survey was conducted in the modern-day village and prehistoric settlement of Zervynos (southern Lithuania, Varėna district), on Ūla Street. The survey comprised 22 test pits (22 m2 in total) and 2 trenches (20 m2 in total). Trench 1 contained a layer of turf with grey soil at a depth of 20-40 cm, which yielded assorted flint artefacts and household pottery sherds from the 17th-19th centuries. A yellow sand deposit with few artefacts was recorded at a depth of 40-65 cm; finds included handthrown brushed pottery sherds (500 BC-500 AD), flint blades, flakes and single artefacts dating from the late Mesolithic to the early Neolithic