Digitalni arhiv Filozofskog fakulteta u Zagrebu
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Redefiniranje koncepta vrijednosti kroz prizmu odnosa korupcije i nacionalne sigurnosti
No full textKroz aspekt vrijednosti mnogo se toga proučava u sociologiji. Stabilnost kao jedna od glavnih značajki vrijednosnog sklopa često se uzima kao referenca u testiranju. Kako bi testirali stabilnost stavljamo u opreku teoriju o vrijednostima s perspektive socijalne psihologije koja uveliko uzima u obzir kontekst. Za testiranje smo gledali kroz prizmu odnosa korupcije (uzimajući koncept D. Grubiše s naglaskom na društveno-kulturne uvjete razvitka sistemske korupcije u Hrvatskoj) i nacionalne sigurnosti (kod koje smo koristili koncept Kopenhaške škole s pet sektora). Korupcija kao jedan od društvenih fenomena koji je osjetljiv za testiranje vrlo je pogodan za promatranje upravo konteksta. Testirala se teorijska hipoteza: normativno vrednovanje korupcije ima dva pola, dok je praksa jedno veliko sivo polje odmjeravanja trenutno vidljivih posljedica; osobnih dobitaka i gubitaka) i metodološka hipoteza: utjecaj poretka pitanja na odgovore, gdje smo pretpostavili kako će samo spominjanje korupcije i negativna asocijacija uz istu utjecati na odgovore kod vinjeta tako da ispitanici i ispitanice biti manje skloni stupiti u akcije koje generiraju korupciju. Rezultati su nam pokazali sklonost klasičnoj sociološkoj teoriji vrijednosti koja zagovara stabilnost kao bitnu značajku vrijednosnog sklopa, a s druge strane potvrdili su metodološku hipotezu kako poredak pitanja kod testiranja osjetljivih tema itekako ima utjecaja na odgovore.Through the aspect of value, much is studied in sociology. Stability as one of the key features of the value system is often taken as an indicator in testing. In order to test the stability, we contrasted classical sociology definition of value to the theory of values from the perspective of social psychology that greatly takes into account the context as key features of the value system. While testing, we looked through the prism of the corruption (taking the concept of D. Grubiša with an emphasis on socio-cultural conditions of development of systemic corruption in Croatia) in relation to the national security (where we used the concept of the Security studies of School of Copenhagen: Sectoral analysis through five sectors). Corruption as one of the social phenomena that is sensitive while testing is very suitable for observing the impact of context. We tested theoretical hypothesis: the normative evaluation of corruption is binary, while the practice is a big grey field of currently visible consequences; personal gains and losses) and the methodological hypothesis: the impact of the order of the questions on the answers, where we assumed that the mention of corruption itself and its negative association would affect the response on the vignettes, in way that respondents and respondents would be less inclined to engage in corruptive actions. The results showed us a tendency to classical sociological theory of value that advocates stability as an essential feature of the value system, and on the other hand confirmed the methodological hypothesis that question order is likely to have an impact on the responses while testing sensitive subjects
Oblici diskurzivnog otpora u Luuandi José Luandina Vieire
No full textO livro dos contos Luuanda do escritor angolano José Luandino Vieira foi escolhido para o presente trabalho com o objetivo de analisar os mecanismos discursivos de resistência na literatura angolana. A imposição de valores portugueses ao todos os aspetos da sociedade angolana encorajou José Luandino Vieira a modificar um dos valores impostos – a língua portuguesa. Tendo em conta a tradição e património angolano, o escritor recorreu às línguas indígenas, mais particularmente, à língua quimbunda, ao lado da língua portuguesa criando, assim, desvios na língua – uma criação original. As alterações linguísticas são mais notáveis na área do léxico e sintaxe, ocupando assim a posição central na análise da obra Luuanda.Zbirka priča Luuanda angolskog autora José Luandina Vieire odabrana je za temu ovoga rada kako bi se analizirali diskurzivni oblici otpora u angolskoj književnosti. Nametanje portugalskih vrijednosti na sve aspekte angolskog društva potaknulo je José Luandina Vieiru da izmijeni jednu od nametnutih vrijednosti – portugalski jezik. Uzevši u obzir angolsku tradiciju i baštinu, pisac se, u stvaranju vlastitog originalnog izričaja, poslužio domorodačkim jezicima – točnije jezikom Kimbundu – tako stvarajući odstupanja u standardnom obliku
portugalskog jezika. Jezične promjene najviše se mogu primijetiti na području leksika i sintakse, time zauzimajući središnju poziciju u analizi djela Luuanda
Konzeptuelle Metaphern in der Textsorte Horoskop: Anwendung im DaF-Unterricht
No full textKonzeptuelle Metaphern sind ein wesentlicher Teil der Sprache und des Spracherwerbs. Sie kommen in vielen Aspekten des Lebens vor und werden meistens unbewusst verstanden, kreativ produziert und benutzt. Genau deswegen ist es wichtig, konzeptuelle Metaphern im Prozess des Sprachlernens und -lehrens nicht zu vernachlässigen. Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit dem Thema der konzeptuellen Metaphern und ihrer Anwendung im DaF-Unterricht mithilfe von Horoskoptexten, mit besonderem Schwerpunkt auf dem DaF-Unterricht im kroatischen Schulsystem
The spacioception and verbotonal theory
No full textOsjet za prostor ili spaciocepcija složeni je osjet koji nastaje na temelju podataka koji u središnji živčani sustavdolaze s periferije iz raznih osjetila. Vid, sluh, propriocepcija, opip i vestibularno osjetilo osjetila su spaciocepcijskog sustava, kojiomogućuje živom biću doživljavanje prostora, njegovo svladavanje, društvenu i kulturnu izgradnju i opstanak vrste.Poznavanje neurofiziologije sustava za osjet prostora ključno je za razumijevanje cjelovitosti komunikacije. Unutar sustava za percepciju prostora, osim prostornih predodžbi, stvaraju se prostorni govor i prostorno mišljenje jer je govor izomorf realnosti. Na taj način nastaje gramatika prostora koja predstavlja korespondenciju i analogiju između svijeta i bića, odnosno rečenice događaja i verbalne rečenice. Budući da je verbotonalni sistem usmjeren na čovjeka (subjekt u procesu komunikacije) i na njegove stvarne mogućnosti, rehabilitacija slušanja i govoratakođer jeusko povezana sa spaciocepcijom. Multisenzoričnost je jedno od temeljnih načela na koja se oslanja verbotonalna teorija i rehabilitacija verbotonalnom metodom. Iako se naglašava važnost razvoja svih osjeta i rehabilitacija somatosenzoričkim putem, valja istaknuti kako vestibularna osjetljivost predstavlja integraciju spaciocepcije.The perception of space or spacioception is a complex sensation that is generated on the basis of the data that comes from the periphery of various senses to the Central nervous system. Sight, hearing, proprioception, touch and vestibular senserepresent sensations of the spacioception system, that allow the living being to experience space, overcome it, create social and cultural construction and survival of the species.Considering the neurophysiology of the sensory space system is essential to understanding the integrity of communication.Within the space perception system, apart from the spatial conceptions, spatial speech and spatial thinking are created because the speech is anisomorph of reality. Thus, a grammar of space emerges, representing the correspondence and analogy between the world and the human being, that is, the sentence of the situation and the verbal sentence. Since the verbotonal system focuses on the individual (subject in the communication process) and on his/herreal possibilities, the rehabilitation of listening and speaking is also closely related to spacioception.Multisensory is one of the fundamental principles of the verbotonal theory and the rehabilitation bythe verbotonal method.Although emphasis is put on the development of all senses and the somatosensory rehabilitation, it should be noticed that vestibular sensitivity represents the spacioception integration
Communication-information characteristics of silence in digitally mediated communication
No full textU disertaciji se objašnjavaju razlike između interpersonalne komunikacije (IK) i digitalno potpomognute komunikacije (DPK), te model hiperpersonalne komunikacije (HK) i model digitalno posredovane šutnje (DPŠ), uz posebnosti šutnje u DPK. Objašnjeni su rezultati preliminarnog istraživanja i glavnog empirijskog istraživanja o šutnji u DPK, sa 3 istraživačka pitanja, uz 9 hipoteza i potvrđenom nultom hipotezom. Međunarodno istraživanje je provedeno u RH, BiH i RS, sa 303 ispitanika. Detektirani su smjerovi budućih istraživanja. Znanstveni doprinos disertacije u području informacijskih i komunikacijskih znanosti jest spoznajno određenje HK kao novog oblika DPK, te znanstveno određenje informacijsko-komunikacijskih obilježja DPŠ, a ostali znanstveni doprinosi su: Ovo je prvi znanstveni rad u Hrvatskoj koji se bavi DPŠ, na ovakav način. Utvrđena je dominacija DPK u suvremenom poslovnom okruženju, te prednosti i nedostaci DPK, otkriveni su pojavni oblici DPŠ, kao i njezina komunikacijsko-informacijska obilježja. Znanstveno je utvrđeno da je šutnja komunikatora u DPK neosviještena i da edukacija komunikatora znatno pomaže njezinom osvještavanju i poboljšanju. Dokazano je da se u DPK šutnja više koristi, ali i zlorabi te služi za manipulaciju. Doktorandica je na temelju preliminarnog istraživanja izradila anketni upitnik kao novi instrument istraživanja.The dissertation explores differences between interpersonal communication (IC) and digitally mediated communication (DMC), model of hyperpersonal communication (HC) and the digitally mediated silence (DMS), with the particularity of silence in DMC. The results of the preliminary research and the main empirical research on silence in the DMC have been explained, with 3 research questions, 9 hypotheses and confirmed zero hypothesis. International research was conducted in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia, with 303 respondents. Directions for future research are detected. The scientific contribution of the dissertation in the field of information and communication sciences is the cognitive determination of HC as a new form of DMC and the scientific determination of the information and communication features of DMS, while the other scientific contributions are: This is the first scientific work in Croatia dealing with DMS in this way. The dominance of DMC in the modern business environment was established, and the advantages and disadvantages of the DMC revealed the emerging forms of DMS as well as its communication-information features. It has been scientifically established that the silence of the DMC communicators is unnoticed and that the education of the communicator greatly contributes to its dissemination and improvement. It has been proven that DMC silence is more used, but also abused and serves for manipulation. Based on the preliminary research, the doctoral candidate produced a survey questionnaire as a new research instrument
Vitality of the Fiuman dialect ̶ current situation and perspectives at the beginning of the 21st century
No full textU ovome se doktorskom radu iznose rezultati empirijskoga istraživanja vitalnosti fijumanskoga
dijalekta (FD) – romanskoga idioma autohtone manjine koja od 15. stoljeća, a možda i duže, živi
na području grada Rijeke i okolice. Pod pojmom vitalnosti, koji su uveli Giles, Bourhis i Taylor
(1977), podrazumijeva se sposobnost jedne zajednice da u kontaktu s drugom zajednicom opstane
kao „zaseban entitet te očuva svoj jezik i identitetske značajke“ (Ehala, 2015, str. 1). Upravo je
stupanj vitalnosti od ključne važnosti za očuvanje nekoga jezika ili njegovo napuštanje u korist
dominantnoga koda, kakav je većinski hrvatski, ali i talijanski standard, u odnosu na manjinski
fijumanski. Rezultati se dosadašnjih istraživanja FD-a razilaze u ocjeni njegove vitalnosti: s jedne
strane upućuju na njegovo izumiranje (Lukežić, 1993; Rošić, 2002), a s druge na mogućnost
njegova očuvanja (Crnić Novosel i Spicijarić Paškvan, 2014; Spicijarić Paškvan i Crnić Novosel,
2014). Vitalnost se FD-a u radu utvrđuje kroz objektivne pokazatelje: demografske i statusne
čimbenike te čimbenike institucijske podrške fijumanskoj zajednici; oni se dovode u vezu sa
subjektivnim pokazateljima: procjenom o čimbenicima objektivne vitalnosti govornikā FD-a.
Koristi se mješoviti metodološki pristup, odnosno kombinacija kvalitativnih i kvantitativnih
metoda. Podatci su prikupljeni upitnikom na uzorku od 249 govornika FD-a različite dobi i
polustrukturiranim intervjuom s 34 govornika toga dijalekta. Analiziraju se sociodemografski
podatci o ispitanicima kao i podatci o demografskoj održivosti zajednice, međugeneracijskome
prijenosu FD-a, domenama njegove uporabe, institucijskoj podršci, identitetu govornika, njihovoj
motivaciji za poznavanje FD-a te stavovima prema FD-u, hrvatskome i talijanskome standardu.
Rezultati pokazuju da veći broj čimbenika utječe na vitalnost fijumanske zajednice i dijalekta.
Unatoč snažnoj emocionalnoj povezanosti ispitanika s FD-om te postojanju međugeneracijskoga
prijenosa, opadanje razine znanja FD-a među mlađim govornicima, uporabe, instrumentalne
motivacije i broja govornika te skroman angažman ustanova upućuju na njegovo postupno
napuštanje. U radu se predlažu konkretne mjere za preusmjeravanje toga procesa i očuvanje FD-a
za čiju je provedbu nužno zajedničko djelovanje pojedinaca i ustanova, te manjinske i većinske
zajednice.The Fiuman dialect is an autochthonous minority Romance language spoken for centuries in the
Croatian city of Rijeka and its surroundings, in what is today a Croatian-language dominant
environment. There is evidence that it has been uninterruptedly spoken as one of the two indigenous
languages of the city of Rijeka (the other being Croatian Chakavian) from the 15th century onwards
(Rošić, 2002); it is possible, however, that it was used even earlier, in the Roman period. Because
of the historical and political changes in Rijeka in the mid-20th century, today Fiuman is spoken by
a relatively small minority group living in several city neighbourhoods (Lukežić, 1993), as a result
of which its maintenance has been questioned (Lukežić, 1993; Rošić, 2002). Todayʼs Fiuman
speakers are mainly bilingual or multilingual speakers of Fiuman, standard Italian and standard
Croatian or one of its substandard varieties (Badurina & Matešić, 2008; Lukežić, 2008). Standard
Italian is also a minority language in Croatia, but as the official language of Italian minority
nurseries, schools and other institutions, its position is much more stable. Fiuman maintenance thus
depends on sustaining the diglossic relationship with standard Italian on the one hand and standard
Croatian on the other. This doctoral thesis aims to determine the current degree of vitality of
Fiuman and the possibilities for its future maintenance.
Ethnolinguistic vitality, introduced by Giles, Bourhis and Taylor (1977), is the ability of a group
to maintain its existence as “a collective entity with a distinctive identity and language” (Ehala,
2015, p. 1). In the situations of language contact between two (or more) speech communities of
unequal status, it is more probable that minority groups with higher vitality will survive as
distincitve entities and maintain their language, while low vitality groups are prone to assimilation
with majority groups (Giles et al., 1977). It is the degree of vitality that is a key determinant of
language maintenance (LM) or language shift (LS) in favour of the dominant language. The term
LM is used to describe a situation in which a minority language persists in some or all domains of
life despite the presence of the dominant or majority language. On the other hand, more or less
gradual abandonment of the minority language and its substitution with the dominant or majority
language leads to LS (Pauwels, 2004, 2016).
Based on previous studies, it is difficult to determine the actual position of Fiuman with respect to
LM or LS. The studies have mostly dealt with the descripition of Fiuman grammatical properties and vocabulary (Bató, 1993/1999; Berghoffer, 1894/1999; Bidwell, 1967; Blecich & Tamaro,
2015; Bratulić, Đurđulov, Blecich, & Kraš, 2015; A. Depoli, 1913; G. Depoli, 1928/1999; Folena,
1968–1970; Gottardi, 2004, 2007; Lukežić, 1993; Mestrovich, 2001; Pafundi, 2011; Rošić, 2002;
Samani, 2007; Spicijarić Paškvan, 2018). Only recently has the interest of linguists shifted to FD
vitality, that is, LS and LM (Crnić Novosel & Spicijarić Paškvan, 2014, 2015; Drljača Margić,
Kraš, & Smiljanić, 2015; Lukežić, 2008; Spicijarić Paškvan & Crnić Novosel, 2014). The results
of the studies into the maintenance of Fiuman have yielded contradictory results by indicating both
LS (Lukežić,1993; Rošić, 2002) and LM tendencies (Crnić Novosel & Spicijarić Paškvan, 2014;
Spicijarić Paškvan & Crnić Novosel, 2014). According to these studies, Fiuman is a sociolect, with
a declining number of speakers, spoken in private domains and informal situations in the
institutions of the Italian minority of Rijeka.
In the present study, the question of Fiuman vitality has been addressed by investigating two of its
aspects. According to Giles et al. (1977), vitality can be objective (OV) and subjective (SV). OV
is measured by looking into three groups of factors: 1) demographic factors (size of the group, birth
rate, endogamy, exogamy, immigration, emigration, geographical distribution and the proportion
of community members), 2) institutional support factors (the level of power in business, industry,
administration, education, mass media, culture and sports) and 3) status factors (social prestige,
socio-historical status and the prestige of the language and culture). SV, as viewed by Bourhis,
Giles and Rosenthal (1981), implies community membersʼ subjective perceptions of OV, and it is
considered decisive for group behaviour in LM. The present study aims to investigate both
objective and subjective vitality factors.
What is crucial for the vitality of a certain community and its language are the continuous
intergenerational transmission of the communityʼs language and culture, sustainable demography,
active institutions, social cohesion and emotional attachment to the collective identity (Ehala,
2015). However, these factors might be challenging to measure. A fairly good estimation of the
group vitality, according to Smith, Ehala, and Giles (2017), can be provided by a language
endangerment assessment instrument, such as Expanded Graded Intergenerational Disruption
Scale EGIDS (Lewis, 2009; Lewis, Simons, & Fennig, 2016), along with basic demographic data,
data on speakersʼ self-reported language use in different domains and their assessment of the
vitality. In this study the following vitality factors were taken into consideration: 1) demographic
data; 2) intergenerational transmission; 3) the use of Fiuman in different language domains; 4) institutional support to Fiuman; 5) speakers’ (language) identity; 6) speakers’ motivation for
knowing Fiuman and 7) attitudes towards Fiuman, standard Croatian and standard Italian, as well
as towards Fiuman maintenance.
The data were obtained using a mixed-method approach, comprising qualitative and quantitative
research methods. A total of 249 Fiuman speakers, recruited by means of snowball sampling,
completed the Fiuman Language Questionnaire (Bratulić, Drljača Margić, & Kraš, 2017),
comprising closed- and open-ended questions. The questionnaire elicited the participants’
sociodemographic data (age, gender, former and current residence, level of education) as well as
information about their language biography, Fiuman proficiency, use of Fiuman in different
domains, motivation for knowing Fiuman, (language) identity, and attitudes towards Fiuman,
standard Croatian and standard Italian. The data obtained by means of the questionnaire were
complemented by the data gained via semistructured interviews with 34 Fiuman speakers. Both the
questionnaire and the interviews were conducted in standard Croatian or standard Italian, according
to the participants’ preferences. The participants were divided into six age groups (Levinson, 1986)
for the purposes of exploring possible intergenerational differences.
The results suggest that LS has already started among Fiuman speakers. In spite of speakers’ strong
emotional attachment to Fiuman as part of their ancestry, cultural heritage and identity, they
increasingly opt for Croatian. Although intergenerational transmission seems to persist, the number
of active speakers is decreasing and so is the use of Fiuman in different domains. The qualitative
data analysis, conducted mainly on the interview data, shows that the historical changes in the 20th
century had an impact on speakers’ attitudes towards Fiuman and their motivation for knowing and
using it, and resulted in an increased use of Croatian. Political, ideological, economic and other
changes after the Second World War led to a massive emigration of Fiuman speakers from Rijeka
and a large-scale immigration of Slavic-speaking population, both of which, together with today’s
negative demographic trends, resulted in the reduction of Fiuman use. Nowadays Fiuman is spoken
in private domains among family members and friends, and in informal and sometimes formal
situations within the Italian national minority institutions. Institutional support is mainly given to
standard Italian, while Fiuman seems to lack adequate support. Fiuman is absent from the public
use and the mass media, which publish and broadcast in standard Italian. Standard Italian is also
taught in nurseries and schools, which admit an increasing number of Croatian-speaking children.
As a result, children speak Croatian among themselves in these institutions. One of the most revealing findings, however, is that Fiuman is increasingly used in its written form on the Internet
and social networks, which have been recognised as a potential platform for its maintenance. The
results also suggest that Fiuman vitality relies more on intergenerational transmission and speakers’
attachment to the collective identity than on the use of Fiuman in different domains, institutional
support and positive demographic trends. Fiuman speakers are mainly multilingual and regard
Fiuman as their mother tongue. Their use of Fiuman is primarily driven by integrative reasons,
such as maintaining close family relations and community cohesion, and not instrumental ones.
Their attachment to Fiuman and the Fiuman community is strong and deeper than their attachment
to Croatian and Italian; however, younger generations report lower Fiuman proficiency and less
frequent use of Fiuman, and attach more importance to being part of the dominant Croatian
community.
Taking the multilingual character of today’s Fiuman speakers into consideration as well as the fact
that multilingualism itself does not necessarily lead to LS, some directions for reversing the LS in
the case of Fiuman and boosting Fiuman maintenance in the future have been given. They primarily
involve increasing the number of active speakers by sustaining intergenerational transmission and
the use of Fiuman in different domains. Furthermore, the importance of stronger instrumental
motivation, higher awareness of the benefits of multilingualism and more positive attitudes towards
Fiuman has been underlined. Providing greater institutional support to Fiuman maintenance has
also been suggested. Both individuals and institutions, as well as the minority and the majority
community, are expected to extend efforts to restore and increase Fiuman vitality
The Subaltern in Wide Sargasso Sea, Voyage in the Dark and Smile Please by Jean Rhys
No full textJean Rhys was interested in portraying the unexplored in the character of a Creole woman. Her novels Wide Sargasso Sea and Voyage in the Dark, as well as her unfinished autobiography Smile Please employ the notion of difference as the main motif: the difference in race, gender, social position or place of birth – all of which makes the Creoles the subaltern in comparison with the ruling class. The subalterns do not have the right to tell their stories- the dominant culture takes away their voice and reshapes their stories. The position of the Creole, where they are placed in the “limbo”, between the colonizers and the colonized makes them unfamiliar, strange, and almost animal-like in the eyes of the British. However, in the 20th century, although being Creole was bad enough, being Creole woman was even worse- they were presented as unchaste and intemperate. They express the desire to go black, to belong to the native communities; however that is impossible due to their socioeconomic status. On the other hand, they cannot pass as white, since the British society perceives them as lesser humans, due to their peculiar accent and the possibility that they are of mixed race. Their bodies are commodified, they are perceived almost as slave-women, the marionettes, the zombies, unable to control their destinies, waiting to be awakened by a memory of their homeland. Rhys, as a Creole woman herself, was, too, ambiguous and conflictive regarding her identity and her nationality. The question of the difference and sense of belonging prompted her to discuss the position of the Creole women and their place in the society of the 20th century, as well as represent the space that is “there somewhere”, unfamiliar to the British. Critical of the imperialism and the way the imperialistic powers perceived those that were placed above the familiarity of their known world and sphere, she presents the stories of the Creole women and gives them the ability to speak
E-mail archiving
No full textArhiviranje e-pošte je centralna tema ovog rada. Nakon uvoda razmatraju se tehnički čimbenici koji otežavaju arhiviranje. Također, rad donosi preporuke za arhiviranje za ustanove, krajnje korisnike i udruge koje se bave trajnim očuvanjem. Za ustanove je važno definiranje politike, odabir alata te provedba uz suradnju s informacijskim stručnjacima. Iz perspektive krajnjeg korisnika provedeno je istraživanje o alatima za migraciju e-pošte i analizirani su alati za sigurnosno kopiranje spomenuti u tekstu. Iz poslovnog aspekta razmatraju se prednosti i ključne poslovne funkcije koje se ostvaruju arhiviranjem e-pošte. Rad također analizira statističke podatke o korištenju e-pošte.This thesis deals with e-mail archiving. Introduction is followed by brief discussion about technical aspects impeding e-mail archiving. Furthermore, recommendations for archiving for institutions, end users and digital preservation community are discussed. An institution undertaking e-mail archiving project should define policies, choose appropriate tools and implement them. A research into e-mail migration tools was conducted and back-up tools mentioned in the text were also analyzed. Advantages and key business functions that are achieved by email archiving are discussed. The thesis also discusses e-mail statistics report
