Digitalni arhiv Filozofskog fakulteta u Zagrebu
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Kulturni obrasci. Elementi razmjene kulture između puka i plemstva u kontinentalnoj Hrvatskoj u XVIII. stoljeću
No full textPredmet samoga istraživanja nije seljačka, ili bolje rečeno pučka, kultura nego oni elementi koji su preuzeti od plemstva. Da bi se što zornije prikazalo koji su to elementi kulture prvo treba pojasniti što se smatra pod tim pojmom. Specifičnost XVIII. stoljeća, za razliku od prijašnjih, je ta da tada nastaju revolucionarne ideje koje se tiču cijeloga čovječanstva. Prosvjetiteljstvo utire put modernizaciji, a time i procesima razvoja. Kako se umjetnost i moda šire iz jednog centra u drugi tako se i elementi pojedine kulture integriraju u drugu. U ovom bi se istraživanju moglo uzeti u obzir puno elemenata, jer je zaista dosta toga bilo u suodnosu između dviju na prvi pogled opozicijski stavljenih strana.
U radu se prije svega želi vidjeti koliko je plemićka; u ovom je slučaju teško reći građanska kultura jer gradovi u pravom smislu te riječi još ne postoje u Hrvatskoj; kultura utječe na seljačku. To se želi pokazati na primjeru života obitelji Drašković, posebno Jospia Kazimira Draškovića koji je sudjelovao u Sedmogodišnjem ratu (1756.-1763.). Plemstvo je uvijek bilo područje promatranja povijesti, isto kao seljaštvo područje proučavanja etnografije u kontekstu popisivanja predmeta i običaja. U rijetkim se radovima izlaže njihov suživot, kao da su postojala dva svijeta koja su postojala paralelno i nikada se nisu doticala.
Suodnos tih dviju, a zapravo jedne, kultura se može proučavati iz nekoliko aspekata poput književnosti, glazbe, arhitekture. Svaki pojedini element bi se mogao proučavati zasebno, ali isto tako i u cjelini sa ostalim elementima. Pisanih izvora ili usmenih kazivanja iz toga razdoblja jako malo. Svi podaci koji su sačuvani do danas su sudski spisi po arhivima, zaključci sabora ili korespodencija pojedinih osoba iz spomenutoga razdoblja. U ovome će se koristiti jedino građa pojedinih memoara iz XVIII. stoljeća. Najzanimljiviji izvori su Annuæ Adama Baltazara Krčelića pisane od 1748. do 1767.godine.
Prostor je također određen s razlogom, jer je obitelj Drašković na njemu imala svoje posjede, pa se lako može pratiti u literaturi i izvorima. Radi se o sjevernom dijelu kontinentalne Hrvatske, ili u historiografskom krugu poznatijem kao Banska Hrvatska, dok cijela Slavonija pripada Vojnoj krajini, pa smatram da pripada pod drugu kulturu što se tiče predmetnica ovoga istraživanja. U sjevernom dijelu, danas bi to bilo područje sjeverno od Karlovca, Siska i Bjelovara, je također bila i većina plemstva u tom razdoblju tako da postoji dovoljno veliki uzorak točaka dodira unutar područja proučavanja. Osim plemićkoga života bit će prikazan i život glazbenika, posrednika koji su imali doticaja sa obje strane... Na kraju rada je pogled u ženski svijet XVIII. stoljeća
Green library
No full textZelena knjižnica višeznačan je izraz.Prvo, on predstavlja održivu knjižničnu zgradu koja je oblikovana s razvijenom sviješću o odgovornosti prema okolišu i sagrađena tako da umanji negativan učinak na okoliš te visoko učinkovita tijekom cijelog svog životnog vijeka, od planiranja do dekonstrukcije. Drugo, taj izraz označava knjižnične programe i službe koji obuhvaćaju širok raspon zelenih knjižničnih aktivnosti poput radionica, predavanja, predstavljanja knjiga, okruglih stolova, projekcija filmova te svakodnevnu zelenu praksu u knjižnici. Zelena knjižnica može biti zeleni vođa u svojoj zajednici primjenjujući najbolju ekološku praksu, zeleni edukator promičući zelenu pismenost te vrijedan zeleni partner radeći s ostalim institucijama, poslovnim partnerima i pojedincima u zajednici na ostvarenju ciljeva održivoga razvoja.
U ovome radu kratko su objašnjeni pojmovi održivosti i održivog razvoja te je napravljen pregled najvažnijih međunarodnih dokumenata kao kamena-temeljaca za promjenu smjera svjetskoga razvoja prema održivome razvoju.
Glavna svrha ovoga rada jest predstavljanje ideje, primjene i razvoja zelenoga knjižničarskog pokreta u svijetu i posebno u Hrvatskoj,od prvoga takvog projekta koji je pokrenut u Istri do danas. Naglasak je stavljen na prikaz projekta Zelena knjižnica za zeleni Zagreb čiji je začetak projekt Knjižnice Savica iz 2016. godine. Kao primjer malog zelenog koraka u promociji zelene edukacijske uloge knjižnice opisana je radionica Piramida zdrave prehrane za učenike trećega razreda osnovne škole te predstavljena anketa provedena među učenicimaGreen library is a multifaceted term. First, it means sustainable library building which is built in such a way to minimize negative impact on the environment, and which is environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a life cycle, from planning to deconstruction of the building. Secondly, this term means library programs and services, which encompass wide range of library's green activities: workshops, lectures, book presentations, round tables, film projections, and everyday green library practices. Green library can be an environmental leader in a community, applying the best environmental friendly practices, an environmental educator promoting green literacy, and a valuable green partner working with other community-based institutions, business subjects and individuals towards sustainable development goals.
In this paper, terms sustainability and sustainable development are briefly explained with a short preview of the main international documents, as a foundation stones in changing our world directions towards sustainable development.
However, the main purpose of this paper is to present the idea, implementation, and development of the Green Library movement in the world, and especially in Croatia – from the first Croatian green library project in Istria to this day, with emphasis on the Green library for green Zagreb project, which started 2016 in Savica Library. The Healthy Eating Pyramid workshop, held for third grade elementary school students, is an example of the little green step in promotion of the libraries green educational role. It is described in this paper, as well as the survey carried out amongst students
The Venetian port of call in Spalato
No full textSplitska skala utemeljena je zalaganjem trgovca Daniela Rodrige u drugoj polovici 16. stoljeća kao glavni mletački punkt za trgovinu s osmanskim podanicima zalaganjem obje strane. Nakon što je nedovršena građevina prešla u državne ruke 1588. godine, uzastopnim je ulaganjima nadgrađivana u pet navrata da bi konačan opseg od šest uzastopnih dvorišta dosegla 1629. godine. Ključnu ulogu u realizaciji skale odigrali su dužnosnici i privatne osobe, no ipak se ključnom pokazala uloga splitskih Židova koji su u gradu uživali posebne privilegije i znatno pridonijeli dinamici trgovine i urbanoga života. Nadalje, paralelnim čitanjem dokumenata i usporedbom s venecijanskom politikom prema manjinama i nerezidentima, jasnom postaje višeslojna funkcija splitske skale. Iako objedinjuje sanitarne, trgovačke i slične funkcije, služi također nadzoru i ograničavanju kretanja pristiglih osmanskih trgovaca, poput fondaka u Veneciji i sličnih građevina na istočnoj obali Jadrana. Skala je zanimljiva ukoliko se stavi u odnos s gradom od kojega je odvojena iz sanitarnih razloga, no poslovanje zahtijeva prožimanje na nekim poljima. Tako u baroknome Splitu pratimo doseljavanje i bogaćenje pojedinih građanskih obitelji, rad čitavoga niza trgovačkih i obrtničkih poduzeća te nagli procvat graditeljske djelatnosti. Stoga ovaj rad nastoji opisati nastanak i tok gradnje skale, karakter investicije, te poziciju građevine, prvo unutar urbanoga sustava, a zatim i šire.The so called Scala di Spalato was a complex structure consisting of 6 courtyards located by the sea on the southeastern edge of the Diocletian's palace. The building was at the forefront of the newly established port of call in Spalato – the main trading port of the Venetian Republic with the Ottomans Empire. It's establishment commemorates a new era in Ottoman-Venetian relations procured by the Jewish Sephardic community and a private investor – Daniel Rodriga (Rodriguez). The building process shows an interplay of private and public influences, the functioning of institutions and the capacity of trade. More important than that is the question of different social and cultural shifts in the city of Spalato that have indirectly stemmed from the functioning of the port facilities. Also, the building itself was an amalgamation of different functions and not only intended for trade and quarantine purposes but advertently applied to limit unrest and espionage attempts by nonresident traders
Problem of preservation and revitalization of Šibenik’s city fortifications
No full textTvrđava sv. Mihovila je najstarija od šibenskih tvrđava i smatra se da se iz suburbija podno nje razvio grad Šibenik. Tvrđave sv. Ivan i Barone nastale su u svrhu obrane od Osmanlija u doba Kandijskog rata. Nakon prestanka obrambene funkcije prepuštene su neplaniranom korištenju, zapuštanju i ubrzanom propadanju. Tvrđava sv. Mihovila je tijekom dvadesetog stoljeća korištena kao signalna postaja za brodove, a potom i tijekom ljeta bila dijelom turističke ponude i u sustavu naplate. Dvostruki bedemi su tijekom devetnaestog stoljeća korišteni za čuvanje domaćih životinja i skladištenje, te kao put do samostana sv. Katarine. Nakon prestanka ove funkcije obrasli su nekontroliranom vegetacijom. Na tvrđavi Barone je izgrađen objekt koji je služio kao meteorološka stanica, a potom kao ugostiteljski objekt. Na tvrđavi sv. Ivana je izgrađeno igralište, a potom i postavljen odašiljač. Dvije potonje, obrasle vegetacijom, uglavnom su od strane građana korištene kao svojevrsni parkovi. Prije suvremene obnove jedino su na tvrđavi sv. Mihovila provođena arheološka istraživanja, dok skup fortifikacija nije bio predmetom značajnog interesa struke. Tvrđave sv. Mihovil i Barone su revitalizirane i turistički valorizirane; radovi u svrhu obnove i revitalizacije sv. Ivana, koji će nuditi edukativno-zabavni sadržaj, su u tijeku, a potencira se i gradnja eskalatora u dvostrukim bedemima. U svrhu revitalizacije izvedene su sanacije, rekonstrukcije i interpolacije. Tvrđava sv. Mihovila je u primarno u funkciji ljetne pozornice. Barone sadrži gastro-kulturni centar, manji amfiteatar i nudi virtualno vodstvo putem proširene stvarnosti. Obnova je najvećim dijelom financirana iz strukturnih fondova EU, a obnovljenim tvrđavama upravlja samooodrživa javna ustanova Tvrđava Kulture Šibenik. Tvrđave su u sustavu naplate, a radno vrijeme se mijenja s izmjenom sezona. Proces obnove i revitalizacije gradskih fortifikacija započinje 2010. g. idejnim projektom za pozornicu na tvrđavi sv. Mihovila. 2013. g. je pokrenut projekt turističke valorizacije tvrđave Barone, a od 2016. g. provodi se projekt revitalizacije tvrđave sv. Ivana
The visual figures in Edith Wharton’s The house of mirth, The age of innocence and Ethan Frome
No full textVision and the visual play an important role in Edith Wharton’s works. Wharton uses a wide
scope of visual figures – ranging from high art, technology, transportation, nature, even
waste – in order to express her views on art, her skepticism toward modernity and progress,
and her unsentimental view of the past. Wharton uses ekphrasis in The House of Mirth to
express her views on art and whether art should be treated as a material object. Moreover,
her choice of visual figures shows “how much Wharton was negotiating modernity in her
writing.” (Hoeller, p 137) Images of transportation, technology and rubbish found in The
House of Mirth have very negative connotations – something that betrays her skepticism
towards the idea of progress. Moreover, the style used in Ethan Frome is modernist. The
same way modernist writers “(…) achieved a hard-edged quality with images of metals,
especially steel,” (Singley, p 125) Wharton does “with New England granite.” (125)
Moreover, Wharton’s skepticism towards progress is by no means a sign of her favoring the
past. Her ambivalence toward the past is apparent in her use of tribal imagery, and imagery
of tombs, doomed cities and pyramids in The Age of Innocence; the society of old New York
is portrayed as oppressive and suffocating.
The main characters in all three novels possess a certain “tendency toward visual
sensibility,” (Miller, p 15) and an “artistic temperament.” (Miller, p 18) Their “visual
sensibility” is very influential in the way they view themselves, each other and the world
around them I oYen through the lens of visual arts, but also nature, technology etc.
Moreover, Wharton continually draws attention to the discrepancy between their vision of
the world and the reality around them. Therefore, vision and the visual are of great
importance when analyzing the focalizing consciousnesses in Edith Wharton’s fiction
Knjižnice kao treći prostor
No full textKoncept trećeg prostora, onako kako ga određuje sociolog Ray Oldenburg u svojoj knjizi The Great Good Place1 predstavljen je u sljedećem poglavlju rada. Iako autor u navedenom djelu nigdje ne spominje knjižnice kao moguća treća mjesta, ono je polazište svih radova koji tematiziraju koncept trećeg prostora u knjižničarstvu. Oldenburg pod trećim prostorom podrazumijeva mjesta gdje se odvija neformalan i izuzetno važan dio života ljudi, u potpuno različitom okružju od doma ili posla/škole.
Poglavlje Treći prostor u knjižničarstvu nastoji na nekoliko konkretnih povijesnih primjera pokazati da, iako se u knjižničarstvu koncept smatra suvremenom temom, on ima povijesnu utemeljenost što olakšava njegovo cjelovito sagledavanje.
Poglavlje Knjižnični prostori za 21. stoljeće osvrće se na hibridno okruženje u kojem egzistiraju današnje knjižnice, a što je omogućeno pojavom digitalne tehnologije. Nove okolnosti redefiniraju knjižnični prostor, korisnikove potrebe i želje stavljaju u središte pozornosti što neizostavno zahtijeva i revitalizaciju knjižničnog interijera.
Knjižnica 21. stoljeća zahtijeva i adekvatno obrazovanog knjižničara, stoga je sljedeće poglavlje posvećeno kompetencijama i osobinama koje bi svaki informacijski stručnjak našeg stoljeća trebao posjedovati.
Kraj rada donosi osvrt na ulogu Gradske knjižnice "Ivan Goran Kovačić" kao kulturnog, društvenog i informacijskog središta lokalne zajednice
Influence of magical conceptions on shaping of Croatian cultural identity
No full textPočetna teza ovog doktorskog rada, "Utjecaj magijskih predodžaba na oblikovanje
hrvatskoga kulturnoga identiteta", jest da su magija, magijske predodžbe i magijski obrasci
zauzimale i još uvijek, u određenoj mjeri, zauzimaju bitno mjesto u procesu oblikovanja
hrvatskog kulturnog identiteta. Istraživanje tog utjecaja pokazalo je i točnost teza da su
prostor i njegove značajke u vremenu određivale ovisnost o utjecajima različitih političkih i
vjerskih silnica na oblikovanje kulturne svijest u Hrvata, da se hrvatski kulturni identitet u
pitanju magijskih predodžbi i obrazaca pomicao i još uvijek pomiče u ovisnosti o glavnim
religijskim i kulturnim strujanjima direktno i indirektno vezanim za magijske predodžbe i
obrasce, da su starovjerne pretkršćanske magijske predodžbe ostavile značajne tragove u
hrvatskoj kulturnoj svijesti do danas, ali i da se novovjerne, postkršćanske i nekršćanske
magijske predodžbe i obrasci 20. i 21. stoljeća isprepliću s kršćanskim kulturnim krugom u
Hrvata i drugih etničkih zajednica na hrvatskom tlu, te tako utječu i na daljnje oblikovanje
svakodnevnog života, stava prema duhovnome i razvoju duhovnog iskustva. Za dokazivanje
ovih teza bio je potreban sveobuhvatan interdisciplinaran pristup iz perspektive više
znanstvenih disciplina, povijesti, etnologije i antropologije te filologije.
Iz tog razloga ovoj studiji pristupilo se sa svjesnošću da su pitanja magijskoga od 19.
stoljeća do danas proučavana samo partikularno, dakle s gledišta pojedinih istraživanja i
analiza poput etnografskih zapisa folklornih vjerovanja i praksi, povijesnih analiza
dokumenata ili pak književno-jezičnih analiza unutar usmenoknjiževnih oblika, te magijskog
u književnosti. Zbog te partikularnosti dosad nije izvedena studija koja bi interdisciplinarno
obuhvatila sva navedena gledišta i obradila ih u jednoj studiji. Objedinjavanjem tih gledišta
ovaj doktorski rad usustavio je: pregled i definicije magijskih predodžabama i obrazaca kroz
podjelu na magijske sustave, magijska sredstva i magijske osobe. Obuhvatio je tri različite
perspektive magijskog: religijsku perspektivu, književnojezičnu perspektivu kao i
dokumentiranu perspektivu povijesti magijske prakse. Na taj su način u ovom radu
interdisciplinarno analizirani specifični utjecaji, kako europskih tako i hrvatskih, na razvoj i
oblikovanje određenih magijskih predodžaba i obrazaca koji su djelovali i, u određenoj mjeri,
još uvijek djeluju na oblikovanje hrvatskog kulutrnog identiteta.Starting thesis of this study, "Influence of magical conceptions on shaping of Croatian
cultural identity" was that magic, magical conceptions and patterns are very important factors
of influence on Croatian cultural identity. Until now, problems of magic were, from 19th
Century to present day, studied only partially, through points of view of ethnographical
records of folk beliefs and practices, historical analysis of legal document or linguistic
analysis of verbal forms of magic or magical in literature. There wasn't integrated study like
this which would, by interdisciplinary means and methods, combine these points of view in
one place. Here it is done by systemizing definitions of magic systems, mediums and
practitioners, with creation of a list with the most important European and Croatian
researchers and progress of their ideas in their works about this topics, and with list of most
important foreign and Croatian journals and publications in the last one hundred years which
published or still publish primal sources and articles about magic practices. Furthermore, this
study included three different perspectives on magical conceptions and patterns, through
religion, literature and magic practices by itself, with analysis of European influences on
Croatian culture and its own ideas of magic.
This dissertation consists of Introduction, five larger chapters, Conclusion and
Bibliography.
In first chapter, Methodological and theoretical context, study deals with methodology
and timeline of research, interdisciplinar approach, sources and literature which were used,
theoretical background, especially those connected with defining terms of Croatian cultural
identity and Magic per se. Magic herebye is defined from three points of view, those of
religion, science and those of magic practitioners. In the chapter follows brief history of
magical culture in European area and researched terms connected with magical culture, such
as occultism and esoteria.
In second chapter, Categorization and definitions of magical patterns and beliefs, study
deals with major divisions and categorizations of magical practices. From introductive part
where were analyzed some other categorization possibilities, such of those of Mauss,
Čulinović-Konstantinović or Lazar, to the main topic, categorization of all magical
conceptions and patterns in three major parts: magical systems, magical mediums and magical
persons. Each of parts is divided in lesser divisions and categorizations with the goal of
getting analytical tool for recognition, classification and definition of magical conceptions, patterns, beliefs and phenomena in the systems according to its different goals and fields of
human culture and work, of course, mostly with examples from Croatian history and culture.
Third chapter, Religious view upon magic, follows the story of interaction between
religion and magic from theoretical introduction, through concepts of Old Faith in Croatian
historical premises and it's view on magic, Judeo-Christian thoughts, ancient and medieval
about magic, developement of medieval religion and legal views against magic, witchtrials in
Medieval and Early modern period, to modern Christian view on the subject of magic in
Croatia, as also early modern and modern Muslim views on the same subject.
Fourth chapter, Magical conceptions, patterns and practices in Croatian historical
space, deals in the timeline of dozen phenomena connected with magical practices in Croatian
history, from medieval Croatian alchemists, freemasonery, syncretic secret societies,
theosophy, antrophosophy, to 20th Century's New Faiths, New Age movements, Satanism,
Wicca, Native Faith, Neopaganisms, Neoshamanisms, Neoanimisms and Magic in mass
media culture. All these phenomena are shown in interaction with European and World
movements in similar concepts and their influence on everyday culture.
Fifth chapter, Literal and linguistical view on magic – magic as literature and magic in
literature, studies oral patterns of verbal magical practice, charms, spells and curses with their
examples. Then it deals with subject of magical practices and concepts in older Croatian
literature, that of Renaissance and Baroque, and finally in the modern literature of 20th
Century in the examples in the works of Marija Jurić Zagorka and Ivana Brlić Mažuranić.
Conclusion of this study confirms initial thesis of research that magic, magical
conceptions and patterns are very important factors of influence on Croatian cultural identity;
that space and its characteristics in time defines dependance of influences of different political
and religous flows which shape cultural conscience among Croatian people; that Croatian
cultural identity in the point of magical conceptions shifts accordingly to main and
mainstream religious and magical cultural currents; that Old Faith and Prechristian magical
beliefs are still important factors in Croatian cultural conscience and still persist to this day;
and last, that New Faiths, like Postchristian and Nonchristian magical concepts of 20th and
21st Century had spread and intertweened with Christian cultural circle among Croatian and
other inhabitants on Croatian historical premises and that they still influence on everyday life,
and perception of spiritual
Perception of Translator Status among the Students of Humanities and Social Sciences
No full textThis paper presents a survey of the perception of translator status among graduate students at the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences in Zagreb. The study included 126 respondents, who were divided into three groups—students of translation, students of modern languages but not of translation, and non-philology students. The research method used was an online questionnaire consisting of Likert statements and open-ended questions. Following Dam and Zethsen (2008, 2009), the statements were formulated to examine the four categories used to operationalize status—education, visibility, salary and occupational prestige. The primary objectives of the study were to investigate students’ perception toward translation as a profession, as well as to draw conclusions about the influence of study programmes on respondents’ attitudes by analysing possible patterns in their answers. The results indicate that non-philology students perceive translation as an average-status occupation, while there is only a slight difference in the answers provided by students of languages in comparison with translation students, all of whom perceive translation as an occupation of high status. The present study, which belongs to a relatively young field of sociology of translation, not only in Croatia, but worldwide, aims to investigate the role of academic influences in the formation of the perception of translator status. As such, it could serve as a solid point of departure for further research on the topic
The association between personality, cognitive ability and proneness to prejudice towards different social groups
No full textIstraživanja pokazuju da postoji pozitivna povezanost među predrasudama prema
različitim društvenim skupinama, kao i određena vremenska stabilnost te stabilnost rang
poretka u izraženosti predrasuda. Sukladno tome, opravdano je pretpostaviti da, osim nestalnih,
kontekstualnih faktora, antecedente izraženosti predrasuda mogu predstavljati i neke trajnije
dispozicije pojedinca. Cilj doktorskog rada je produbiti razumijevanje dispozicijskih osnova za
sklonost predrasudama prema različitim društvenim skupinama, odnosno pobliže istražiti odnos
osobina ličnosti i kognitivnih sposobnosti s generaliziranim predrasudama. Istraživanje na
kojem se rad temelji provedeno je na reprezentativnom uzorku maturanata iz Grada Zagreba i
Zagrebačke županije (N = 1034). Istraživanjem su prikupljeni kvantitativni podaci o
kognitivnim sposobnostima, osobinama ličnosti, desnoj autoritarnosti, orijentaciji na socijalnu
dominaciju te predrasudama prema starijim osobama, pretilim osobama, psihički oboljelim
osobama, ateistima, gej muškarcima i imigrantima. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da je
pozitivne interkorelacije izraženosti predrasuda prema pretilima, psihički oboljelima, ateistima,
gej muškarcima i imigrantima moguće objasniti latentnim g faktorom predrasuda koji upućuje
na sklonost generaliziranim predrasudama. Najvažniji korelati generaliziranih predrasuda su
orijentacija na socijalnu dominaciju, desna autoritarnost, otvorenost prema iskustvu i
kognitivne sposobnosti. Zajedno s ostalim dimenzijama ličnosti iz petofaktorskog modela, ove
varijable objašnjavaju tri četvrtine varijance latentnog konstrukta generaliziranih predrasuda.
Kognitivne sposobnosti i pored otvorenosti prema iskustvu imaju jedinstven doprinos predikciji
kriterija. Analiza mehanizama djelovanja dispozicijskih varijabli na generalizirane predrasude
pokazala je da: (1.) otvorenost prema iskustvu i kognitivne sposobnosti imaju na generalizirane
predrasude izravne i neizravne negativne efekte posredovane desnom autoritarnosti i
orijentacijom na socijalnu dominaciju; (2.) ugodnost ima neizravni pozitivni efekt posredovan
desnom autoritarnosti i neizravni negativni efekt posredovan orijentacijom na socijalnu
dominaciju; (3.) neuroticizam ima izravni i neizravni negativni efekt posredovan orijentacijom
na socijalnu dominaciju; (4.) ekstraverzija i savjesnost imaju isključivo neizravne pozitivne
efekte posredovane desnom autoritarnosti. Primarni doprinos istraživanja ogleda se u činjenici
da pruža uvid u, ranije nedovoljno istražen, međuodnos osobina ličnosti i kognitivnih
sposobnosti u kontekstu predikcije predrasuda.Introduction. Prejudice most often denotes negative attitude towards a social group or
its members. Previous studies revealed a positive correlation between prejudices towards
different social groups, as well as certain time stability and rank-order stability of prejudice.
This suggests that individual's dispositions, along with contextual factors, may play a
significant role as antecedents of prejudice. This thesis focuses on personality and cognitive
ability as possible precursors of prejudice.
Three theories seem to be especially relevant when examining the relationship between
dispositions and prejudice: McCrae and Costa’s (2008) meta-theoretical framework of the FiveFactor
Theory (FFT) of personality, Duckitt’s (2001) Dual-process motivational model of
ideology and prejudice (DPM) and Dhont and Hodson’s (2014) Cognitive Ability and Style to
Evaluation (CASE) model. According to the FFT, dispositions (as basic tendencies) should
relate to the ideological attitudes (as characteristic adaptations), which should further relate to
prejudice, ethnocentrism or discrimination (as objective biography). This is in line with the
postulates of the other two relevant theoretical frameworks. As stated in the DPM, the exposure
to threatening and competitive social surroundings results in the development of social
conformity (i.e. low openness and high conscientiousness) and toughmindedness (i.e. low
agreeableness). A person characterized by high social conformity reacts sensitively to signs of
threat within society and is eager to protect the established norms at any cost. Individuals
characterized by high toughmindedness perceive the world as a competitive jungle and tend to
be unattached and interpersonally aversive. These characteristics bring forward the
motivational goals for security and power (embodied in the right-wing authoritarianism and
social dominance orientation), which ultimately lead to prejudice. Finally, according to the
CASE model, lower cognitive ability and higher need for structure, order and predictability
enhance the perception of changing social environment as threatening. This leads to the
activation of the prevention focus, aimed at keeping the status quo. Perceived threat and
prevention focus can further lead to the right-wing, socially conservative attitudes that are
related to the resistance to change, and consequently, stereotypes, prejudice and discrimination.
The causal order of these models’ components was supported both experimentally and
longitudinally. Although this thesis did not comprehensively test any of the above-mentioned
theoretical models, it largely aligned with the FFT, the DPM and the CASE model predictions
when building its hypotheses. The aim of the study. The aim of the study is to deepen the understanding of the
dispositional basis of proneness to prejudice. Empirical study was conducted examining the
relationship of personality traits and cognitive ability with generalized prejudice. It also
explored the mechanisms underlying the effects of dispositions on generalized prejudice and
analyzed the interdependence of dispositional predictors of generalized prejudice.
Methodology and data analysis. The study was conducted on a representative sample of
secondary school students from the City of Zagreb, Croatia and the Zagreb County. Participants
were 17-20 years old and were attending their final year of secondary education (N = 1034).
The measures encompassed dispositional variables - Big Five personality traits and cognitive
ability, ideological variables - right-wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation, as
well as different measures of prejudice - prejudice towards elderly people, prejudice towards
overweight people, prejudice towards individuals with mental illnesses, prejudice towards
atheists, prejudice towards gay men and prejudice towards immigrants. The data was analyzed
using exploratory factor analysis and series of regression analyses. In addition, structural
equation modelling with latent variables was performed.
Results and discussion. Results revealed that positive correlation between the measures
of prejudice towards overweight people, individuals with mental illnesses, atheists, gay men
and immigrants can be explained by the latent g factor of prejudice. Prejudice towards elderly
people shared less variance with other measures of prejudice and appeared to be somewhat suboptimal
indicator of the g factor of prejudice. Therefore, this indicator was not included in the
definition of the generalized prejudice construct. The lower correlation of this specific prejudice
measure with the g factor was discussed with respect to the following: the peculiarity of this
group as an untypical out-group; the prevailing norm of nurturance of traditional values in
contemporary Croatian society; and the opposite direction of its relations to the ideological
variables of right-wing authoritarianism [-] and social dominance orientation [+].
Generalized prejudice was strongly positively correlated to right-wing authoritarianism
and social dominance orientation and moderately negatively correlated to openness to
experience and cognitive ability. There was a low negative correlation of generalized prejudice
with neuroticism and low positive correlation of generalized prejudice with extraversion and
conscientiousness. The correlation of generalized prejudice with agreeableness was low and
statistically insignificant. The ideological variables, followed by openness to experience and
cognitive ability, appeared to be the most pertinent correlates of generalized prejudice. The
latter is in accordance with the theoretical background and previous empirical evidence about
these relationships. In the thesis, only tentative interpretations of the relationships of extraversion, conscientiousness and neuroticism with generalized prejudice were given, since
the correlations were low and the earlier findings were incongruent or inconsistent. The
unexpected finding revealing the non-significant relationship of agreeableness and generalized
prejudice was discussed in regard to the opposing direction of the correlations of agreeableness
with right-wing authoritarianism [+] and social dominance orientation [-], as well as regarding
the fact that the Big Five Inventory was used as a measure of personality traits.
A set of dispositional and ideological variables explained about three quarters of the
variance of the generalized prejudice latent variable. The dispositional predictors appeared to
be as useful in explaining the variance of generalized prejudice as the ideological variables
(with contribution shared with dispositional variables accounted for). The results indicated a
statistically significant contribution to the prediction of generalized prejudice by all the
individual predictors. The most important predictors were social dominance orientation, rightwing
authoritarianism and openness to experience. Importantly, cognitive ability and openness
to experience had non-redundant contributions to the explanation of the variance of the
generalized prejudice.
The present study also investigated the mechanisms underlying the effects of
dispositional variables on generalized prejudice. The analysis of direct and indirect effects
resulted in several notable conclusions. Firstly, the effect of the openness to experience and
cognitive ability on generalized prejudice was threefold: (1.) direct negative effects of these
variables suggested that higher openness to experience and higher cognitive ability were
associated with lower generalized prejudice; (2.) indirect negative effects via right-wing
authoritarianism suggested that individuals with higher openness to experience and higher
cognitive ability were more inclined to reject right-wing attitudes and thus had lower
generalized prejudice; and (3.) indirect negative effects via social dominance orientation
indicated that individuals who were more open to new experiences and had higher cognitive
ability were less focused on establishing hierarchy in social relations and thus less inclined to
generalized prejudice. Secondly, agreeableness had a dual contrasting effect on generalized
prejudice via right-wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation: (1.) an indirect
positive effect via right-wing authoritarianism suggested that more agreeable individuals were
more inclined to adhere to right-wing ideology and thus more inclined to generalized prejudice,
while (2.) an indirect negative effect via social dominance orientation suggested that the more
agreeable individuals were less supportive of social domination and thus, indirectly, less prone
to generalized prejudice. Thirdly, the effect of neuroticism on generalized prejudice was
twofold: (1.) a direct negative effect suggested that higher neuroticism (trait more characteristic of female compared to male participants) was associated with lower generalized prejudice,
while (2.) an indirect negative effect via social dominance orientation suggested that the
individuals with higher neuroticism preferred egalitarian social relations and thus demonstrated
lower generalized prejudice. Finally, extraversion and conscientiousness had positive effects
on generalized prejudice, mediated by the right-wing authoritarianism - more extroverted and
conscientious individuals were more inclined to favor right-wing authoritarian tendencies and
thus, indirectly, were more inclined to generalized prejudice. Comparing the magnitude of
indirect effects of dispositions for which both ideological variables served as mediators of the
effect on generalized prejudice, right-wing authoritarianism was found to be more important
mediator in the case of openness to experience, and social dominance orientation was found to
be more important mediator in the case of agreeableness and cognitive ability. In sum, both
right-wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation appeared to be of vital importance
in ensuring the mechanism through which the dispositions exerted its effects to prejudice, since
the former mediated the effects of five, and the latter mediated the effects of four (out of six
examined) dispositional variables to generalized prejudice. In addition, none of the
dispositional variables had exclusively direct effect on generalized prejudice. Rather, indirect
effects always followed the identified direct effects. However, it should be borne in mind that
the robustness of some (unforeseen) mechanisms might be brought into question by the
upcoming research, since the significance of some of the effects may well be influenced by the
fact that the analysis was performed on a large sample.
Conclusion. The present research contributes to better understanding of the role of
personality traits and cognitive ability as precursors of (generalized) prejudice, especially with
respect to their interdependence. A deeper understanding of the dispositional basis of proneness
to prejudice serves as one of the preconditions for the integration of these constructs into the
models that include a wider spectrum of prejudice antecedents. Indirectly, the research fuels
further advancement in the study of nature and determinants of prejudice and provides a basis
for the development of more effective interventions for prejudice reduction
Characteristics of veterans associations in the Republic of Croatia
No full textVeteranske organizacije imaju važnu ulogu reintegracije bivših sudionika ratova u mirnodopski i civilni život. Glavni predmet istraživanja ovog rada su udruge koje okupljaju ratne veterane, a promatraju se kao organizacije društvenog pokreta koje zajedno čine okosnicu veteranskog pokreta u Republici Hrvatskoj. Rad se temelji na resursno-mobilizacijskoj teoriji društvenih pokreta. Neke karakteristike ovih organizacija odnose se na čvrste mreže poznanstava ključnih aktera, mobilizacijski potencijal nekadašnjih pripadnika vojnih jedinica, hijerarhijski ustroj i principe donošenja odluka, specifično iskustvo rata te na poseban društveni položaj veterana utemeljen na snažnoj simbolici herojstva, ratništva i žrtve. Na temelju toga ostvaruju pristup posebnim društvenim resursima koji omogućavaju razvoj veteranskog pokreta i jačanje utjecaja na ostatak društva.War veterans’ organizations have an important role in the reintegration of former war participants into peaceful and civilian life. The main subject of this research is associations, that gather war veterans, which are viewed as social movement organizations that all together form the backbone of war veterans’ movement in the Republic of Croatia. This paper is based on the resource-mobilization theory of social movements. Some characteristics of these organizations relate to the solid networks of key actors, the mobilization potential of former military personnel, the hierarchical organization and decision-making principles, the specific experience of war and special social position of war veterans based on a strong symbolism of heroism, warfare and victim hood. Based on that, they gain access to special social resources that enables further development of veterans’ movement and enhancing influence on the rest of society