Digitalni arhiv Filozofskog fakulteta u Zagrebu
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Engleski kontraktualizam 17. stoljeća : materijalistička analiza C.B. Macphersona i E. Meiksins Wood
No full textU ovom diplomskom radu bavit ću se prvenstveno analizom političke teorije Thomasa Hobbesa i Johna Lockea, koji su svojim radovima uvelike utjecali na oblikovanje moderne političke misli. Obojica filozofa, svaki sa svog stajališta, postavili su temelje kontraktualističke teorije, a njihova socijalna i politička filozofija ostavila je mnogo prostora za razvoj različitih vrsta analize, komentara i studija. Neke od tih studija, koje ću detaljnije prikazati u drugom dijelu rada, bit će i one C. B. Macphersona i E. Meiksins Wood. Njihove materijalističke analize socio-ekonomskih uvjeta Engleske 17. stoljeća, u prvom redu pojava apitalizma, izuzetno su utjecale na razvoj političke misli. Macpherson će pronaći u političkoj teoriji i Hobbesa i Lockea korijene ideje ''posjedničkog individualizma'' dok će se Meiksins Wood prvenstveno baviti analizom izvora ranog kapitalizma, njegovim odjekom još u agrarnom obliku te na koji način političke teorije kontraktualizma, i Hobbesova i Lockeova, utječu na koncept i poimanje kapitalističkog načina proizvodnje. Za potrebe ovog diplomskog rada
koristiti ću deskriptivnu, eksplanatornu, kritičku, sintetičku i komparativnu metodu kako bih obradila izabranu literaturu te na tom temelju opisala pojam kontraktualizma
u marksističkoj, tj. socijalno-materijalističkoj analizi
Zašto roditelji ne žele cijepiti djecu protiv HPV-a? Prediktori stavova prema cijepljenju i namjere cijepljenja
No full textCilj istraživanja bio je ispitati doprinos sociodemografskih karakteristika, znanja o HPV–u i cjepivu, alternativnih zdravstvenih navika, vjerovanja u teorije zavjera i tri vrste zdravstvenih vjerovanja (podložnost, ozbiljnost i učinkovitost) u objašnjenju stavova i namjere roditelja da cijepe djecu protiv HPV–a. Istraživanje je provedeno putem online upitnika na 303 sudionika. Roditelji su ispunjavali upitnik znanja o HPV–u i cjepivu Caskeya i suradnika, Carolina ljestvicu stavova i vjerovanja o imunizaciji, Ljestvicu alternativnih zdravstvenih navika, Ljestvicu sklonosti vjerovanju teorijama zavjera Čović i suradnica te Ljestvicu zdravstvenih vjerovanja MacArthura. Prikupljeni su sociodemografski podaci o dobi, spolu, radnom statusu, stupnju obrazovanja, bračnom statusu, religioznosti, mjestu življenja i političkom opredjeljenju. Dob je značajno povezana sa stavovima i namjerom, a stupanj obrazovanja je značajno povezan sa stavovima prema cijepljenju. Dob je također značajan prediktor stavova na način da stariji sudionici pokazuju pozitivnije stavove o cijepljenju. Vjerovanje u teorije zavjera povezano je s negativnijim stavovima i manjoj namjeri roditelja da cijepe djecu protiv HPV–a. Vjerovanje da je osoba podložna zarazi HPV-a te da je cjepivo učinkovito povezano je s pozitivnijim stavovima i većom namjerom cijepljenja. Znanje o HPV–u i cjepivu, alternativne zdravstvene navike te percipirana ozbiljnost nisu značajni prediktori stavova i namjere cijepljenja. Većina roditelja informirana je o cjepivu iz medija i internet portala te su im oni ujedno najvažniji izvori informacija. Predložene su smjernice za buduća istraživanja.The aim of the study was to investigate the contribution of sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge about HPV infection and vaccine, use of complementary and alternative medicine, belief in conspiracy theories and three types of health beliefs (perceived susceptibility, severity and efficacy) in explaining attitudes toward vaccines and intention of parents for vaccinating their children. The research was conducted via online questionnaire on 303 participants. Parents completed Caskey et al’s Knowledge Questionnaire about HPV and Vaccine, The Carolina HPV Immunization Attitudes and Beliefs Scale – CHIAS, Čović et al’s Complementary and Alternative Medicine Scale and Beliefs in Conspiracy Theories Scale and MacArthur’s Health Beliefs Scale. We collected sociodemographic data about sex, age, employment status, education level, marital status, religion, living area and political viewpoint. Results have shown age was significantly related to attitudes and vaccination intention and level of education was significantly related to attitudes toward vaccines. Age is also significant predictor of attitudes toward vaccines in a way that older parents have more positive attitudes toward vaccines.
Parents with beliefs in conspiracy theories had more negative attitudes and have shown less intention for vaccinating their children against HPV. Belief that person is susceptible to contraction of infection and that vaccine against HPV is effective generated more positive attitudes and more intention for vaccination. Knowledge about HPV and vaccine, use of complementary and alternative medicine and perceived severity are not significant predictors of vaccine attitudes and vaccination intention. Most parents got their information about HPV vaccine from media and internet portals and they’re the most important resources of information for them. We suggested guidelines for future research on the subject
The polished stone artefacts in the life of the Starčevo and Sopot culture population of eastern Croatia
No full textOvim radom obrađene su kamene glačane izrađevine neolitičkih lokaliteta Selci
Đakovački-Kaznica-Rutak, Belišće-Staro Valpovo, Kneževi Vinogradi-Osnovna škola,
Osijek-Filipovica (Hermanov vinograd) i Stari Perkovci-Debela šuma. Materijal potječe s
lokaliteta koji pripadaju starčevačkoj i sopotskoj kulturi, a radi se o nalazištima istraživanim u
različitom opsegu i različitim metodološkim pristupima. U analizi kamenih glačanih
izrađevina promatran je cjelokupan lanac operacija, odnosno različite faze tehnološkog
procesa, od odabira i prikupljanja sirovine, obrade, uporabe, odbacivanja i ponovne uporabe.
Kamene glačane izrađevine pojavljuju se na ovome području s nosiocima starčevačke kulture
i već od samog početka pokazuju razvijene oblike. Njihov broj nije velik, i teško da se može
govoriti o razvijenoj industriji kamenih glačanih izrađevina, većinom se radi o proizvodnji
pojedinačnih izrađevina kojima se zadovoljava osnovna potreba unutar naselja. Od samog
početka trajanja starčevačke kulture prisutni su tesle, sjekire, batovi i pijuci, a u ukupnom
broju nalaza tesle dominiraju. Ukrasni predmeti prisutni su u znatno manjoj mjeri.
Sa sopotskom kulturom povećava se ukupan broj kamenih nalaza kao i tipova. Izrađevine
se višestruko popravljaju i ponekad je vrlo teško pratiti čitav niz obrada i uporaba pojedinih
primjeraka. Ovaj reduktivni proces doveo je i do vrlo malih dimenzija pojedinih primjeraka.
Od tipoloških kategorija i na sopotskim dijelovima nalazišta dominiraju tesle, a slijede ih
sjekire i dlijeta. Perforirane alatke pokazuju vrlo široku uporabnu vrijednost, a gotovo niti
jedna nije sačuvana u cijelosti i većinom su napuknute na mjestu perforacije. Od ukrasnih
predmeta zabilježena je tesla manjih dimenzija izrađenoa od nefrita s nalazišta Stari PerkovciDebela šuma.
Proučavanjem tragova uporabe pokušalo se dati odgovor na pitanje o aktivnostima koje su
se provodile kamenim glačanim izrađevinama, a koje su zasigurno bile važan faktor u
svakodnevnom životu zajednice. Osim uobičajenih tragova obrade mekih sirovina, kao što je
drvo, prisutni su i tragovi glačanja (npr. crnog pigmenta) te tragovi udaranja, posebice kod
batova i alatki koje su u sekundarnoj uporabi korištene kao batovi. Na temelju tragova
uporabe, utvrđeno je kako su glačane kamene izrađevine korištene za čitav niz radnji.
Korištene su kao sjekire, tesle (bradve), dlijeta, klinovi, motike, čekići, retušeri, glačalice,
rastirači, nakovanji. Na temelju tragova na proksimalnom dijelu utvrđeno je kako su bile
usađivane u držak. Utvrđeno je i kako oblik izrađevine nije određivao i njihovu funkciju. Ipak, na neolitičkim lokalitetima najveći je broj kamenih glačanih izrađevina sa sječivom
rabljen u obradi drveta.
Na izrađevinama su obavljene petrografske i mineraloške analize s ciljem da se na
makroskopskoj osnovi utvrdi sirovinska pripadnost te ponude mogući izvori i porijeklo
primarnih i sekundarnih sirovinskih nalazišta, a time i mogući pravci kretanja među
zajednicama. Zbog blizine obrađenih lokaliteta, ali i utvrđenih sirovina, potpuno je opravdano
zaključiti kako sirovine za njihovu izradu potječu iz okolnih brdovitih područja, posebice
kruga Slavonskih planina, kao i dostupnih riječnih korita. Rad je upotpunjen prilozima koji sadrže table nacrtanog materijala, fotografije materijala,
fotografije snimljenih tragova uporabe i karte nalazišta.This dissertation examines polished stone artifacts from the neolithic sites of Selci
Đakovački-Kaznica-Rutak, Belišće-Staro Valpovo, Kneževi Vinogradi-Primary School,
Osijek-Filipovica (Herman's Vineyard) and Stari Perkovci-Debela šuma. The material
originates from the sites belonging to the Starčevo and Sopot culture, while the sites
themselves were explored to different extents and with varying methodology, which
influenced the final result, as well as the quality of the data. In the analysis of polished stone
artifacts, the entire chain of operations, i.e., different phases of the technological process,
from the selection and collection of raw materials, processing, use, waste and reuse with
various finishing techniques were observed. For the area in question, polished stone artifacts
appear in advanced shapes from the very beginning with the bearers of Starčevo culture. Their
number is not large and we can hardly talk about a developed manufacture, since they were
made individually to meet the basic needs of the settlement (Antonović 2014a). From the very
beginning of Starčevo culture there are adzes, axes, batons and pickaxes, and adzes dominate
among the total number of finds. Among the ornamental finds, only the fragment of a green
hoop from the Kaznica Rutak site is known and a chisel made of green slate from the Kneževi
Vinogradi site.
With the Sopot culture, the total number of stone finds and types increases. Artifacts were
repaired multiple times and sometimes it is very difficult to follow a whole set of processing
and use of individual items. This reductive process has led to very small dimensions of
individual specimens. By studying traces of use, an attempt was made determine what the
objects were used for, certainly an important factor in the community's survival. In addition to
the usual traces of soft raw materials such as wood, there are also traces of polishing (e.g.
black pigment) and hitting traces, especially with batons and tools used as bats in secondary
use.
In terms of typology, adzes are prevalent on the Sopot sites as well. One difference is that
on the Osijek-Filipovica site, there is a significant share of perforated tools, which are rare
among the finds form Debela šuma and Kazina-Rutak sites in all the research campaigns.
Perforated tools show a wide variety of use. Virtually none of them have been completely
preserved and they are often cracked around the perforation. Among the decorative objects,
there is a smaller adze made of nephrite from the Stari Perkovci-Debela šuma site.
Based on traces of use, it was found that polished stone artifacts were used for a whole
range of actions. They were used as axes, adzes, chisels, wedges, mots, hammers, retouchers,
smoothing tools, handstones, anvils. Based on traces on the proximal part, it was found that
they were mounted onto a handle. It was also established that the design did not determine
their function. Nevertheless, on the neolithic sites, the largest number of polished stone
artifacts was used for cutting wood. Petrographic and mineral analyses were carried out in
order to determine the raw material on a macroscopic basis and to provide the sources and
origin of primary and secondary raw materials which could indicate their movement among
the communities. Because of the proximity of the observed sites, but also of the established
raw materials, it is entirely justified to believe that raw materials used in the production of
polished stone artifacts originated from the surrounding hills, especially the Slavonian
Mountains
Le patrimoine culturel et sa protection: travail terminographique
No full textCe mémoire présente le travail terminographique qui porte sur le domaine de la protection du patrimoine culturel matériel. Il est divisé en deux parties. La première partie est consacrée à l’aspect théorique de la terminologie. Dans cette partie les caractéristiques principales de la terminologie et des disciplines connexes comme la lexicologie, la terminographie et la terminotique sont présentées. De plus, la méthodologie de notre démarche, c’est-à-dire les étapes de la partie pratique, est décrite. La partie pratique de ce travail comprend la traduction, le glossaire, les fiches terminologiques et l’arborescence.
À la fin du mémoire, les difficultés terminologiques rencontrées lors de notre démarche et les façons dont nous les avons résolues sont présentées.Ovaj diplomski rad obuhvaća terminografsku analizu područja zaštite materijalne kulturne baštine. Rad se sastoji od dva dijela. Prvi dio bavi se teorijskim aspektom terminologije. U njemu su opisane glavne karakteristike terminologije i povezanih disciplina kao što su leksikologija, terminografija i terminotika. Također je prikazana metodologija rada. Praktični dio rada sastoji se od prijevoda, glosara, terminoloških kartica i terminološkog stabla. Na kraju rada opisani su terminološki izazovi s kojima smo se susreli tijekom izrade rada te način
na koji smo ih riješili
The role of social capital in job searching of young unemployed persons
No full textMrežni socijalni kapital na individualnoj razini definiran je percepcijom veličine i karakteristika socijalne mreže koju pojedinac smatra dostupnom i korisnom u procesu traženja posla i u središtu je interesa rada. Veličina mreže je definirana kao ukupan broj ljudi s kojima je pojedinac povezan, a snaga veze kao bliskost društvenog odnosa između pojedinca i druge osobe u mreži. Bliski prijatelji i rođaci su primjer snažnih veza, dok rijetko kontaktirani poznanici predstavljaju slabe veze koje su socijalno, emocionalno i često fizički udaljene. Status aktera se operacionalizira kao obrazovni, radni i ekonomski status onih koji čine mrežu pojedinca. O ulozi socijalnih mreža u traženju posla mladih visokoobrazovanih osoba se malo zna stoga je cilj ovog istraživanja ispitati njihovu ulogu u zapošljavanju, kao i promjene u karakteristikama socijalnih mreža ovisno o ishodu zapošljavanja. Istraživanje je provedeno na prigodnom uzorku diplomanata različitih javnih fakulteta u Bosni i Hercegovini tijekom tri vremenske točke (N1 = 743; N2 = 501 i N3 = 303) s razmakom od pola godine između svake točke. U sve tri točke mjerenja prikupljali su se podaci o karakteristikama socijalnih mreža i radnom statusu diplomanata temeljeni na njihovim samoprocjenama. Podaci o intenzitetu traženja posla prikupljani su u drugoj i trećoj točki. Rezultati potvrđuju značajnu ulogu mrežnog socijalnog kapitala mjerenog u drugoj točki na zapošljavanje u trećoj točki. Značajnim prediktorima zapošljavanja u trećoj vremenskoj točki pokazali su se snaga veze i status veze aktera. Glede sociodemografskih prediktora socijalnih mreža na koje se mogu osloniti diplomanti prilikom traženja prvog zaposlenja utvrđeno je da socioekonomski status pojedinca i zaposlenost oca predviđaju procjenu vlastite veličine mreže i statusa aktera. Nije utvrđeno da mrežni socijalni kapital moderira odnos između intenziteta traženja posla i zapošljavanja. Značajne razlike u veličini mreže, snazi veze i statusu veze aktera diplomanata koji su se u tijeku istraživanja zaposlili i onih koji su ostali nezaposleni s vremenom su sve veće. Intenzitet traženja posla nezaposlenih diplomanata ne mijenja se značajno tijekom trajanja nezaposlenosti. Prednost istraživanja očituje se u praćenju tražitelja posla komparabilnog psihološkog kapitala od izlaska na tržište rada do zapošljavanja s osvrtom na rasvjetljavanje uloge mrežnog socijalnog kapitala.Introduction. Authors from different areas defined social capital in different ways, but they all have one thing in common. It is basically an asset in social networks that subject has. These social relations separate social from other types of capital (eg. economic, cultural, educational) because its availability depends on relation and not on the characteristics of the actors themselves who own this capital. There are also different dimensions of social capital like structural and cognitive social capital. Structural covers processes, rules and procedures that relate to group or organizational co-operation through social networks. It is described through the configuration of the network to which we belong and the size and scope of the resources available within the same. There is small number of research that were focused on network characteristics and employment outcomes of young people. Some of network characteristics are network size, strength of ties and status of actors in the network. The size of the network is defined as the total number of people with whom the individual is connected, and the strength of the relationship as the closeness of the social relationship between the individual and the other person in the network. Close friends and relatives are an example of strong relationships, while seldom contacted acquaintances represent weak relationships that are socially, emotionally and often physically distant. Status of actors is defined as the educational, employment and economic status of those who make the personal network of individuals. There are a lot of difficulties that young people experience in the transition between education and work. One of them is job searching and getting employment. In today’s job market, university graduates are becoming numerous and vulnerable group without appropriate job after their studies. Framework of the present study is based on Hobfoll's conservation of resources theory (COR). The basic tenet of COR theory is that people have an innate as well as a learned drive to create, foster, conserve, and protect the quality and quantity of their resources. Many things could be conceived as resources, but COR theory relates to those resources that are key to survival and well-being (e.g., shelter, attachment to significant others, self-esteem), or that are linked to the process of creating and maintaining key resources (e.g., money, credit). Work is an important life domain that acts to provide resources directly related to our primary resources. According to the COR theory, social capital is assumed to be a valued and important resource. Latent deprivation theory (Jahoda, 1982, 1997) proposes that employment is important because it provides certain unique benefits. The aim of the research is to examine a relationship between social network characteristics and job search success of university-graduated young people in Bosnia and Herzegovina and further, to examine changes in social network characteristics due to employment status.
Methodology: Graduates from different public faculties in Bosnia and Herzegovina participated in a 3 - wave longitudinal study with N = 743 at T1 to N = 303 at T3. Combining the samples of T1, T2 and T3, the longitudinal sample comprised of N = 303 graduates who participated in all three waves of the data collection (78 % females, 55 % unemployed) with average age 24 years (M = 24.50; SD = 3.37). They were surveyed immediately after receiving diploma and followed up six months and one year after graduating. Data collection lasted from May 2015 to October 2016. Various socio-demographic characteristics of the graduates as well as self-reported personal network characteristics – composition and structure, were in focus. We assessed social network characteristics as a size of network, strenght of tie and tie status. Respondents had to indicate their agreement on a 5-point Social network characteristics scale to 10 statements like ,,I know a lot of people who might help me find a job“ (size of network α=0.79), ,,Most people who might help me find a job are people I know very well, such as family or friends“ (strenght of tie α=0.81) and ,,Most people who might help me find a job have received a good education“ (tie status α=0.76). Job search intensity and employment status were measured in the follow up by the general question about the frequency of job search ,,How often do you actively search for a job“ and six questions related to the frequency of specific search methods. Employment status was dichotomous measure; either unemployed or employed at every wave of the study. Dataset were collected online. In every wave, three participiants who were choosen randomly got a financial reward for participation. To check whether there was systematic drop out of respondents between the waves, a t-test was conducted. All participiants were compared on the variables meausred in first wave. Those who participated in second wave had a shorter study length, lower scores on size and strengths of network compared to those who didn't participated. The magnitude of the effects of these differences, expressed by Cohen's d were low (0.15-0.17). Given that the observed differences were low we can conclude that they didn't affect the systematic drop out of respodents. Respondents who participated in the third wave of the survey and those who had droped out did not differ significantly on any variable measured at the second wave of the survey.
Results and discussion.
According to multiple regression analyses, the socioeconomic status of an individual is predictor of his own social network: the average material income is a positive predictor of the size of the network, and the average material income and father's employment are a positive predictors of the status of the actors to whom the graduates can rely upon when seeking their first job. Studied socioeconomic characteristics of graduates explain between 2.8 % and 3.45 % of individual differences in the experience of social capital. The studied socioeconomic characteristics of the graduates were not related to the experience of the strenght of the tie. Logistic regressions revealed that socio-demographic characteristics of the graduates as well as their job search intensity were no significant predictors of employment status six months or one year after entering the labor market. However, personal social network variables were significant predictors: personal network composition, i.e., social status of acquaintances and strength of ties were significant predictors of job search success half year after entering the labor market. Contrary to our expectations, size of personal network, as an indicator of network structure, was no significant predictor of employment status in the period of one year after graduation. We also estimated a model where the mediator – social capital, i.e., network characteristics (network size, tie strength and tie status) are located at Time 2, as this allowed us to test for the relationship between job search intensity at Time 2 and employment outcomes in third wave. Social capital wasn't moderator between job search intensity and employment outcomes. According to the ANOVAS, changes in size of network, strenght of tie, tie status and job search intensity among unemployed and employed during the time are tested. As expected, employed graduates reported having larger social networks, with stronger ties and more important connections during the study. Job search intensity of unemployed didn't significantly differ during the time.
Conclusion. The research results have theoretical and practical implications which are reflected in the clarification of the role of social capital on the employment, especially of young highly educated people who are in the labor market which is characterised with high unemployment rate. As quality and quantity of social contacts relate to a successful job search, the process of gaining and losing social capital, as resource according to the COR theory, may be crucial for the understanding of differences in career success among people of comparable human capital characteristics. The study integrates the latent deprivation model with conservation of resources theory in explaining the individual meaning of unemployment. This is the first study that addresses influence and consequences of lacking of social capital in job searching at university graduates in context of Bosnia and Herzegovina and wider region with a longitudinal design
One’s own identity through others’ eyes – from auto-image of the Italian language culture and civilisation to hetero-image in the Croatian context
No full textOpći je cilj istraživanja bio preko tri razine imagološke analize utvrditi u kojem su opsegu nacionalni stereotipi prisutni među kulturalnim znakovima u udžbenicima talijanskoga kao stranoga jezika koji su se koristili i koriste se na lektorskoj nastavi Odsjeka za talijanistiku, koje su temeljne binarne opreke najčešće prisutne pri govoru o Drugome ili o sebi te koja vrsta diskursa – činjenično izvještavanje ili stereotipizacija – prevladava u iskazima o vlastitom i stranom u tekstovima u udžbeniku. Specifični ciljevi bili su usporedba autopredodžbe proizašle iz udžbenika s heteropredodžbom studenata, usporedba predodžbe stranog i vlastitoga prostora te dobivanje imagema. Još jedan od specifičnih ciljeva bio je utvrditi prisutnost književnika imenom i tekstom te omjer zastupljenosti književnica i književnika u njima. U istraživanju je anketiran 171 student talijanskoga jezika i književnosti svih godina studija, a analiza udžbenika obuhvatila je ukupno 17 udžbenika i pripadajućih radnih bilježnica koji su prema godini objavljivanja grupirani u tri skupine. Istraživanje je potvrdilo hipotezu da su među kulturalnim znakovima prisutni i stereotipi o Talijanima i Italiji, ali se na razini vokabulara pokazalo da pri predstavljanju “talijanstva” ili “talijanskosti” atributi nacionalne karakterizacije imaju manju učestalost od ostalih kulturalnih znakova. Također je vidljivo da se oni izabiru prema retoričkom potencijalu kojega imaju tj. prema sposobnosti djelovanja na publiku. Rezultati istraživanja gramatike i retorike govora o sebi u analiziranim udžbenicima pokazuju da su iskazi pretežno činjenični i da naglasak nije na isticanju onoga što je različito od stranoga, već na onome što se doživljava kao italianissimo (vrlo talijanski), u značenju samoga superlativa apsolutnog pri kojemu nema drugoga elementa usporedbe. Podaci o strancima na razini gramatike pokazuju da se heteropredodžba konstruira s pozicije vlastite kulture. Na razini retorike iskaza o strancima stereotipizacija je dominantni način govora o Drugome, a učinak tipičnoga je nešto češća strategija stereotipizacije. Također je potvrđena hipoteza da se i teritorij na određeni način prikazuje stereotipno te da su u analiziranim udžbenicima književnici imenom i tekstovima znatno zastupljeniji od književnica. Rezultati ankete pokazali su da u predodžbi o Talijanima dominiraju osobne karakteristike s područja temperamenta i karaktera te fizičke karakteristike, da se pri nacionalnoj stereotipizaciji miješa deskriptivni i normativni diskurs, ali i da među atributima nacionalne karakterizacije postoji vrlo malo predrasuda.The theoretical basis of the analysis of cultural signs, self-images and heteroimages in the Italian language textbooks in this research study was Leerssen's theoretical and research approach aimed at studying national characterizations in (Western European) literature. Leerssen's imagological analysis of national images includes three levels: vocabulary, grammar and rhetoric. The general aim of this research was to use three levels of imagological analysis (vocabulary, grammar, rhetoric) to determine to what extent national stereotypes are present among the cultural signs that appear in the textbooks of Italian as a foreign language which are currently used or were at some point used in language classes at the Department of Italian at Zagreb University, which binary oppositions are most frequently present in the discourse of the Other or the self, as well as what type of discourse – factual reporting or stereotyping – is prevalent in the narratives of the native and the foreign in these textbooks. The specific goals, whose realization depended on the previously mentioned general aim, were to compare the selfimages derived from the textbook with the heteroimages of the students who use these images in classes, to compare the foreign and the native space and to get to the image, i.e. the notion of Italians and Italy presented in the textbooks by local authors which were used in the language classes in the Italian major program starting from the end of the 19th century and going to the mid-1990s. Another specific aim was to determine which female and male fiction writers were present in name and text, as well as to determine the ratio between the female and male authors in these textbooks. The research included a questionnaire which was answered by 171 students at the Italian language and literature program at both the undergraduate and graduate levels, as well as the analysis of 17 textbooks and accompanying workbooks grouped together by their year of publication (Groups 1, 2, 3). The research has confirmed the hypothesis that among the cultural signs stereotypes about Italians and Italy were present, but at the level of vocabulary the analysis has shown that in the representation of “Italianism“ attributes of national characterization were less frequent than other cultural signs. The vocabulary of cultural signs also indicates that these signs were chosen on the basis of their rhetorical potential, i.e. their ability to affect the audience. Furthermore, as a rule the same cultural aspects and topics are not repeated in a textbook, but rather the same topic is approached form different aspects (e.g. the topic of immigration includes text about the immigration in Italy, texts about the time when Italians immigrated, positive and negative reactions to immigration, literature and films about immigration/migration). Therefore the same stereotypical utterances are rarely repeated in a single textbook, so the frequency of particular cultural signs, stereotypes being one of them, is low within a single textbook. However, since each topic featuring culture is in itself a matter of choice among a multitude of others, the topics included should be considered “marked, highlighted“ in comparison with the ones that are not present. Almost two thirds of the students who participated in the research confirmed that there were stereotypes on Italians in the textbook they use, but less than a third gave examples. The analysis of the grammar and rhetoric of the discourse on the self in the studied textbooks has revealed that the discourse was mostly factual and the point was not to emphasize what is different from the foreign, but rather to highlight what is perceived as italianissimo (very Italian), in the sense of the absolute superlative which does not allow for another element of comparison. Findings on foreigners (non-Italians) at the level of grammar shoe that binary oppositions that underlie utterances on foreigners are different from those on Italians, especially so in Group 3, where differences between home and foreign and more pronounced, and the heteroimage is construed from the aspect of the home culture. At the rhetorical level of utterances on foreigners stereotyping is the dominant mode of talking about others in all three groups, and the effect of the typical is a somewhat more frequent strategy of stereotyping than pseudopsychological characterization is. Most factual utterances appear in Group 1, and the fewest in Group 3, in which the effect of the typical is visibly prevalent. The analysis also confirmed the hypothesis that in the studied textbooks space would also be in a way represented stereotypically, meaning that in representing space the dominant image is the one derived from the cultural and historical identity of several cities or regions, with male authors being much more present both in name and text than the female ones. The results of the questionnaire given to students showed that dominant images of Italians were those related to temperament and character, as well as physical characteristics. Results concur with what Pageaux (2009) pointed out, namely that in national stereotyping two type of discourse co-occur, the descriptive (Italians are loud) and the normative (Italians can't speak foreign languages) kind, but among the attributes of national characterization there are very few prejudices, i.e. negative attitudes based on belonging to a group different from one's own. The image of space that derives from the textbooks is stable and there are no great oscillations in relation to the time of publishing. The cities of Rome, Milan, Venice, Florence,Naples and Turin, and recently Bologna, feature most prominently in the textbooks, whereas Tuscany and Sicily are the most prominent regions, followed by Campania, Lazio and Liguria. The stability of this image is confirmed by the students' answers in the questionnaires. Comparison of the images of home space found in Group 3 textbooks and foreign space found in students' questionnaires leads to the conclusion that these two almost fully match in the case of cities, whereas they are somewhat different in the case of regions. By comparing the heteroimage of the nation and space form Group 1 and 2 textbooks to that from students' questionnaires, it can be observed that this image oscillates, but some types of characterization are stable. What is stable is the perception of Italy as the cradle of arts, the land of great artists, opera, sun, blue sea and bright sky. Similarly, the image of Italians as open and hospitable people and Italy as a country that many foreigners visit does not change. In a diachronic perspective it is also clearly visible that some cultural signs and attributes of national characterization appear or disappear, or some characteristics change into their opposite. The research has also shown that the very territory of Italy is partially represented in the textbooks, stereotypically in terms of the North-South division, and that such representation matches the students' perception. Since Italian major program language classes are mandatory courses for future teachers, mediators between cultures and interpreters of cultural signs, more attention should be dedicated right from the beginning to widening the perception of the space covered by Italy, of its geographical and regional diversity as well as cultural differences stemming from this diversity, with a view to avoiding possible misunderstandings in some future communication, as well as avoiding further perpetuation of stereotypes. By comparing the image of Italian literature reconstructed from the textbooks to the image from student questionnaires we may observe that students' answers can be related to the entire study program in language and literature. Although part of the image of literature matches the image from the textbooks and most students have certainly read the literary texts as part of language classes material, it can't be conclusively claimed that these texts have significantly affected the reception of particular authors in this population. Recognizing and analyzing stereotypes can be a useful tool for building a more conscious relationship with a foreign culture, and imagology itself as a literary discipline can use textbook analysis as a potential for innovation in studying images of the Other, the modes of their spreading and their reception in non-literary contexts as well. Contemporary imagology is in the process of continual theoretical and methodological rethinking, and national stereotypes are not only found in images mediated through text. Since this research indicates that, apart from culture-civilization texts, stereotypical images may also appear in graphic additions to the text, in photographs and illustrations, these will also need to be taken into account in some future imagological research of national imageries, cultural identity and contemporary identity policies
Communication model of mobile library services in the academic libraries
No full textMobilni su uređaji donijeli mogućnost izrazite pokretljivosti u prostoru prilikom
pretraživanja informacija i time su utjecali na ponašanje i očekivanja korisnika koji žele
doći do informacije u bilo koje vrijeme i na bilo kojem mjestu. Knjižnice su prepoznale
važnost svjetskog trenda sveprisutnosti mobilnih uređaja te su se počele prilagođavati i sve
više nastoje zadovoljiti potrebe mobilnih korisnika tako da u drugom desetljeću 21. stoljeća
veliki broj knjižnica pruža mobilne izvore i usluge.
Cilj disertacije je istražiti informacijsku interakciju korisnika (studenata i znanstvenonastavnog osoblja) i knjižničara visokoškolskih knjižnica na Sveučilištu u Zagrebu pri
korištenju mobilnih knjižničnih izvora i usluga te izraditi komunikacijski model razmjene
informacija u mobilnom okruženju. Prema ovom cilju postavljene su četiri hipoteze. Kako
bi se one provjerile, provedeno je istraživanje koje je pokazalo kako mobilni uređaji nisu
prihvaćeni kao komunikacijski kanal za prijenos knjižničnih informacija između
knjižničara visokoškolskih knjižnica na Sveučilištu u Zagrebu i njihovih korisnika te da
visokoškolske knjižnice nisu prilagodile svoju komunikaciju korištenju njihovih izvora
putem mobilnih uređaja. Knjižničari, kao i njihovi korisnici, nisu educirani koristiti nove
načine komunikacije koje pružaju mobilni uređaji premda posjeduju solidna znanja i
informacijsko-komunikacijske kompetencije i vještine, no postoji potreba za dodatnom
edukacijom samih knjižničara o mobilnim knjižničnim izvorima i uslugama, kao i potreba
korisnika da ih knjižničari o njima educiraju.
Komunikacijski model razmjene informacija u mobilnom okruženju pretpostavlja
visokoškolsku knjižnicu kao pošiljatelja informacija koji putem mobilnih uređaja kanalizira
poruke u vidu mobilnih knjižničnih izvora i usluga do primatelja/korisnika informacija, a
istim se kanalom odvija i povratna veza. Ključna komunikacijska komponenta modela je
edukacija kao aktivnost kojom se pošiljatelj informacija/knjižnica usmjerava prema
korisniku u cilju usvajanja i unaprjeđenja informacijsko-komunikacijskih kompetencija i
vještina potrebnih za snalaženje u mobilnom okruženju i njihovoj primjeni za korištenje
mobilnih knjižničnih izvora i usluga.Mobile devices have brought a distinct mobility in space and thus influenced the
behavior and users expectations who want to get the information at any time and place.
Libraries have recognized the importance of the global trend of ubiquitous mobile devices
and began to adapt them to meet the needs of mobile users so in the second decade of the
21st century the majority of libraries provide mobile adjusted resources and services.
Given that students are at the forefront of mobile devices accepting and using, this
research includes student population at the University of Zagreb in order to explore
information interaction between users and librarians and to develop a communication
model of information exchange in the mobile environment. In addition faculty members
and librarians are included as they are link between students and information sources.
Taking into account mobile trend, this thesis deals with the influence and changes that
the mobile environment brings to communication between librarians and users in the form
of academic mobile library resources and services.
In the first chapter Development, expansion and use of mobile devices the
terminological ambiguities in the Croatian language related to the appearance of mobile
devices and trends in the context of libraries have been clarified. Given the widespread use
of mobile phones and smartphones, their development, expansion and factors of mobile
devices using are shown.
Theoretical framework chapter provides a theoretical framework with a review of the
theoretical directions and perspectives of computer mediated communication, information
behavioral models and information-communication competences and skills that are
essential part of the communication model of mobile library services in academic libraries.
The chapter Mobile devices and libraries describes the application of mobile devices in
education, the educational role of librarians in academic libraries and the experience of
users and librarians with mobile library resources and services that have shown the user's
interest in accessing all library resources and services through mobile devices as well as
librarian readiness to adapt to such user requirements.
In the chapter Mobile library resources and services mobile web pages, library
applications, mobile catalogues, academic databases, text messages, social networks and
media, new technologies and services were presented as they are important for mobile users
and they are included in the communication model of mobile library services in the
academic libraries.
In the chapter Research on using mobile library resources and services in academic
libraries the aim and hypotheses of research, methodology and the results of the research
were presented and interpreted. Research has showed that mobile devices are not accepted
as a communication channel for the transfer of library information between academic
librarians at the University of Zagreb and their users and that academic libraries did not
adapt their communication regarding using their resources through mobile devices.
Librarians as well as their users are not educated enough to use the new ways of
communication by mobile devices and, although they in general possess sufficient
knowledge and information-communication competences and skills, there is a need for
additional education of librarians on mobile library resources and services as well as the
need of users for librarians to educate them in this regard.
The proposed communication model of information exchange in the mobile
environment presumes the academic library as a sender of information ie. mobile library
resources and services which mobile devices channel to the information recipient/user, and
the same channel is used for the feedback. The key communication component of the
model is education as an activity by which the information sender/library is directed
towards the user in order to adopt and improve the information-communication
competences and skills needed to manage the mobile environment and to apply those skills
(creation and content sharing, security and privacy protection, device synchronization and
„cloud” usage, finding applications), to the use of mobile library resources and services.
In the closing chapter, scientific contribution, general conclusions and thoughts on
Croatian academic libraries mobile resources and services were presented
Speech and Language Disorders in Neurodegenerative Diseases – Alzheimer’s Dementia and Primary Progressive Aphasia – Two Case Studies
No full textNeurodegenerativne bolesti su u suvremenom svijetu u porastu, a broj oboljelih od demencija raste i u Republici Hrvatskoj. Kroz prikaz slučaja demencije Alzheimerovog tipa te primarne progresivne afazije i usporedbu oba slučaja dobila se preliminarna slika o stanju govornojezičnih
sposobnosti sudionica istraživanja. Ispitale su se funkcije poput razumijevanja, artikulacije, čitanja, pisanja, verbalne fluentnosti (fonološke i semantičke), sposobnosti
imenovanja te semantičko i kratkoročno pamćenje. Osnovna motivacija rada je uvid u govornojezične sposobnosti i razumijevanje vrsta poteškoća s kojima se susreću osobe oboljele od Alzheimerove demencije i primarne progresivne afazije te osmišljavanje terapijskih postupaka u rehabilitacijskoj intervenciji u tretmanu govorno-jezičnih poteškoća. Time će se bolesnicima pružiti dodatan način rehabilitacije te produžiti kvaliteta komunikacije sa obitelji i društvom.There has been noted a sharp rise in neurodegenerative diseases in the world recently. Nonetheless, the incidences of patients with dementia has been increesing in Croatia, as well. Through a case study of Alzheimer's dementia (AD) and primary progressive aphasia (PPA), and a comparis of both cases, a preliminary picture of the state of speech-language ability of the participant was obtained. Functions or skills such as understanding, articulation, reading, writing, verbal fluency (phonological and semantic), confrontational naming, semantic and short-term memory were studied. The basic motivation of the work is to gain insight into speech-language skills as well as the development of therapeutic interventions in the treatment of speech-language difficulties caused by the aforementioned diseases. This will provide patients with an additional method of rehabilitation and extend the quality of communication with the family and society
Tribalizam – evolucijski korijeni i manifestacije u suvremenim kompleksnim društvima
No full textOvaj rad se bavi funkcioniranjem tribalizma u modernim uvjetima. Ovoj temi smo pristupili
iz perspektive evolucijske psihologije. Njena glavna pretpostavka je ta da je ljudski um kroz
evoluciju razvio određene psihološke mehanizme (module) prilagođene za rješavanje
specifičnih evolucijskih problema. Svaki psihološki mehanizam je osjetljiv na određene
podražaje iz okoline koji ga aktiviraju te ih stoga nazivamo okidačima. Ovi okidači, u nekim
bitnim aspektima, nalikuju na predznake situacije koja je predstavljala evolucijski problem za
koji je sam mehanizam evoluirao. U slučaju tribalizma to su prijetnje našoj grupi. Osim
okidača, ovaj rad se istražuje i pristranost te grupnu identifikaciju kao bitne čimbenike
cjelokupnog mehanizma. Na kraju se predstavlja nekoliko primjera funkcioniranja tribalizma
u modernim uvjetima.This paper deals with the functioning of tribalism in modern conditions. We deal with this
topic from the perspective of evolutionary psychology. It's main assumption is that the human
mind, through evolution, has developed certain psychological mechanisms adapted to solve
specific evolutionary problems. Each psychological mechanism is susceptible to certain
stimuli from the environment that trigger it and we therefore call them triggers. These triggers,
in some respects, resemble the signs of the situation that represented the evolutionary problem
that the mechanism itself evolved. In the case of tribalism these triggers are threats to our
group. In addition to triggers, this paper investigates bias and group identification as essential
factors of the overall mechanism. In the end, there are several examples of the functioning of
tribalism in modern conditions
Analiza udžbenika portugalskog jezika na razini A1/A2 prema ZEROJ-u
No full textTema ovog rada je analiza udžbenika portugalskog jezika kao stranog jezika. Udžbenik je najčešće korišteni materijal u učionici. Kako bi se razumjele prednosti i nedostaci između
različitih portugalskih udžbenika napravljena je kvalitativna analiza udžbenika: Português sem fronteiras 1, Português a toda a rapidez, Na onda do Português 1 e Português XXI. Svaki je udžbenik analiziran u pet kategorija: grafički prikaz, struktura knjige, zadaci, gramatika, vokabular i kultura. Iz analize proizlazi da svaki analizirani udžbenik ima svoje prednosti i nedostatke te može biti koristan u nekim aspektima učenja portugalskog jezika.O tema desta tese é analisar os livros didáticos na sala de aula da língua portuguesa como língua estrangeira. O livro didático é o material mais usado na sala de aula. A fim de compreender as vantagens e desvantagens entre os diferentes livros do ensino do português usados na Croácia foi feita uma análise qualitativa. Os livros analisados são:Português sem fronteiras 1, Português a toda a rapidez, Na onda do Português 1 e Português XXI. Cada livro foi analisado em cinco categorias: presentação gráfica, organização do livro, atividades, gramática, vocabulário e cultura. Da análise resulta que cada livro analisado tem algumas vantagens e desvantagens e pode ser útil em alguns aspetos de aprendizagem da língua portuguesa