Digitalni arhiv Filozofskog fakulteta u Zagrebu
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Attitudes of preschool teachers towards teaching science and their relationship with attitudes toward gender roles
No full textJedan od zadataka suvremenih odgojitelja jest poticanje djeteta na otkrivanje, eksperimentiranje i
istraživanje u bogatoj vrtićkoj okolini u svrhu razvoja znanstvenog načina mišljenja. Međutim, PISA testiranja iz područja znanosti i matematike već godinama idu u korist dječacima. Opažena razlika može biti posljedica različitih okolinskih utjecaja prisutnih od najranije dobi. Prema
tome, stav odgojitelja o rodnim ulogama djece može biti povezan sa stavovima o znanstvenim aktivnostima u vrtiću kao tradicionalno „muškim“ aktivnostima rezerviranim za dječake. Cilj ovog rada bio je istražiti stavove odgojiteljica prema poučavanju znanosti u dječjim vrtićima, ali
i utvrditi povezanosti s njihovim općim podacima i stavovima o rodnim ulogama djece. U online istraživanju sudjelovala je 481 odgojiteljica u dobi od 23 do 64 godine s prosječno 14 godina radnog iskustva. Njihovi stavovi ispitani su Ljestvicom stavova odraslih prema rodnim ulogama
djece i Ljestvicom stavova prema poučavanju znanosti u predškolskim ustanovama te su prikupljeni opći podaci. Rezultati pokazuju kako stavovi prema poučavanju znanosti nisu povezani s dobi ili godinama radnog staža, već s važnosti vjere. Nadalje, što odgojiteljice imaju
tradicionalnije stavove prema rodnim ulogama, to doživljavaju više anksioznosti i manje ugode prilikom provedbe znanstvenih aktivnosti, percipiraju manju samoefikasnost u poučavanju, više su ovisne o kontekstualnim faktorima (npr. postojanju materijala za poučavanje znanosti), znanost percipiraju manje relevantnom i doživljavaju više poteškoća u poučavanju. U radu su
raspravljene praktične implikacije i smjernice za buduća istraživanja.One of the main goals of the present-day preschool teachers is to encourage children to discover, experiment and research in a rich environment for the purpose of developing a scientific way of thinking. However, for years PISA tests in the field of science and mathematics are in favor of
boys. The observed difference may be the consequence of the various contextual influences present from the earliest age. The attitudes of preschool teachers about children gender roles can be related to attitudes about scientific activities as traditional "male" activities reserved for boys. The aim of this study was to investigate attitudes of preschool teachers about teaching science, as
well as to establish correlations with general data and attitudes about children gender roles. 481
preschool teachers between the ages of 23 and 64 with an average of 14 years of work experience participated in On-line survey. Their attitudes were studied by the Child Rearing Sex- Roles Attitudes Scale and Dimensions of Attitude Toward Science. Also, general and
demographic data were collected. The results show that attitudes towards teaching science are not related to their age or experience, but to their importance of religion. Furthermore, preschool teachers who have more traditional attitudes towards gender roles experience more anxiety and
less comfort when demonstrating scientific activity, perceive less self-efficiency in teaching, are
more dependent on contextual factors (e.g., the existence of science teaching materials) and experience more difficulty in teaching. Practical implications and recommendations for future research are addressed in this paper
Percepcija sličnosti kognata
No full textIt has been widely acknowledged that language typology that is, the structural distance between languages which can be objectively measured, plays an important role in the process of language acquisition and processing. However, as it is often the case with any matter that involves human cognition and perception, humans do not perceive the objective distance between languages in the same way. About four decades ago Kellerman (1983) introduced the term psychotypology to refer to the perception of the degree of typological proximity which strongly influences the extent to which one will attempt to transfer from one language to another. The perception of similarity at the lexical level is the focus of the present study and it is our aim to shed some light on the variables which can influence it. An instrument consisting of 54 lexical items in Croatian, paired with their cognates in six different languages (nine cognate pairs per language), was given to 110 Croatian participants in order to measure their perception of similarity between the cognates. Based on the previous research into subjective similarity and receptive multilingualism, there are two types of variables which affect the subjective similarity: item-related and participant related. Their effect is tested in the study. In addition, the psychotypology at the language system level is believed to influence the similarity perception at the level of items as well. The results of the study generally corroborate some of the previous findings related to the item-related variables but there are also some unexpected findings in the similarity ratings accross six different languages. The study suggests that psychotopology at the language system level plays a role in similarity ratings of lexical items.Postoji generalni konsenzus kada je riječ o jezičnoj tipologiji, to jest, strukturnoj udaljenosti između jezika koju je moguće objektivno izmjeriti, i njenoj važnoj ulozi u procesu usvajanja i procesiranja jezika. Ipak, kako često i biva slučaj s pojavama koje uključuju ljudsku kogniciju i percepciju, ljudi ne percipiraju objektivnu jezičnu udaljenost na isti način. Prije otprilike četiri desetljeća, Kellerman (1983) uvodi termin psihotipologija, koji označava percepciju stupnja tipološke bliskosti koja snažno utječe na transfer elemenata iz jednoga jezika u drugi. Percepcija sličnosti na nivou leksika je fokus ovoga istraživanja, a cilj je pokušati pojasniti varijable koje mogu utjecati na percepciju. Upitnik s 54 riječi na hrvatskome jeziku te njihovim ekvivalentima u šest različitih jezika (devet parova kognata po jeziku) ispunilo je 110 hrvatskih ispitanika kako bi se izmjerila njihova percepcija sličnosti tih kognata. Temeljem prethodnih istraživanja subjektivne sličnosti i receptivne višejezičnosti, postoje dva tipa varijabli koje utječu na subjektivnu sličnost: varijable povezane s kognatima te sa samim ispitanicima. U ovom se istraživanju ispituje njihov efekt. Također, smatra se da psihotipologija na razini jezičnoga sustava također utječe na percepciju sličnosti na razini riječi. Rezultati istraživanja generalno potvrđuju neke od prethodnih pronalazaka, no došlo je i do neočekivanih rezultata u varijablama povezanima s kognatima u ocjenjivanju sličnosti šest jezika. Istraživanje ukazuje na to da psihotipologija na razini jezičnoga sustava ima ulogu u procjenjivanju sličnosti riječi
Model of library services for unemployed persons
No full textTeorijski (pregledni) dio doktorskog rada zasniva se na analizi postojeće literature vezane
uz ovu tematiku. Temelj mu je u tri pristupa: društveno-kulturnom i obrazovnom (Lloyd),
društveno-fenomenološkom (Savolainen) te društveno-prostornom pristupu (Jochumsen i
suradnici). U kontekstu suvremenog društva (informacijsko-tehnološkog, inkluzivnog i
kohezivnog) jedna od novih usluga narodnih knjižnica je pružanje karijerne pomoći
nezaposlenim građanima koji, prema tipologiji Željke Šporer, pripadaju društveno isključenoj
skupini građana. U empirijskom dijelu istražene su potrebe nezaposlenih građana i obrasci
njihova ponašanja u kontekstu poslovanja narodnih knjižnica. Ispitani su dvojnom
metodologijom: kvantitativnom metodom instrumentom ankete u Osječko-baranjskoj i
Vukovarsko-srijemskoj županiji na temelju slučajnog uzorka, te kvalitativnom metodom
intervjua kojim je ispitan namjerni uzorak (ravnatelji i voditelji narodnih knjižnica) da bi se
dodatno utvrdilo postojeće stanje. Tumače se rezultati istraživanja i potiče razvoj karijerne
pomoći u knjižničnom okružju kroz oformljeni Model. Zaključni dio rada obuhvaća glavne
rezultate rada u odnosu na postavljeni cilj i hipoteze te predlaže smjer suvremenih zadaća
narodnih knjižnica u odnosu na postavljeni izvorni znanstveni doprinos. Istraživanjem je
utvrđeno da nezaposleni građani često nisu svjesni koja je uloga narodne knjižnice u zajednici
i u skladu s tim koje sve usluge narodna knjižnica pruža građanima; da nezaposleni građani
imaju različite potrebe, da 2/3 ispitanika nisu članovi narodne knjižnice, da 1/3 ispitanika
nema knjižnicu u mjestu stanovanja, da je više od polovice narodnih knjižnica zatvoreno za
ranjive skupine građana, da je veliki broj ispitanih informacijski nepismen, da se građani u
knjižnici ne druže, da nisu zadovoljni ponuđenim uslugama i dr. Marketing, promicateljske i
promocijske aktivnosti u narodnim knjižnicama kao i zagovaranje njezinog poslovanja u
zajednici nedovoljno su zastupljeni ili ih nema. Nalaz istraživanja pokazao je da u narodnim
(gradskim i općinskim) knjižnicama u Osječko-baranjskoj i Vukovarsko-srijemskoj županiji
ne postoji jedinstveni okvir unutar kojega bi se odvijao njihov konceptni rad i dr.
Istraživanjima (anketnim i intervjuvskim) dokazano je da je o istinskoj inkluziji zaista teško
govoriti u narodnim knjižnicama Osječko-baranjske i Vukovarsko-srijemske županije.The aim of this doctoral thesis is to explore informational needs and forms of informational
behaviour of unemployed citizens and to initiate career help within the library environment.
The thesis consists of two main parts: theoretical discussion and scientific investigation. The
theoretical part is based on the analysis of the existing literature related to this topic. The
thesis is based on theoretical points of Šporer, Lloyd, Savolainen, Jochumsen and associates. Original scientific contribution of this doctoral thesis can be seen in development of
informational and communicational sciences through improvement of cognitions about
informational needs and forms of informational behaviour of the unemployed, socially
excluded citizens; further: in the improvement of library business and tasks of public libraries
in a lifelong education, informing and stimulating of reading and socialization and free-time
usage of citizens. Contribution is also visible in understanding of surroundings in which an
unemployed citizen and community act as a unity, based on empirical research, which was
performed for the first time in Republic of Croatia and its result; in suggesting of applied
solution in practice through a concept of career help and model for socially excluded,
unemployed persons as a final result
Das Konzept der Intermedialität am Beispiel von Ferdinand von Schirach
No full textDie Fragestellung dieser Diplomarbeit hat sich mit der Arbeitsdauer geändert. Am Anfang sollte nur die Intermedialität am Beispiel von Ferdinand von Schirach analysiert werden – was man auch aus dem Titel herauslesen kann – aber da die Intermedialität sich als ein Phänomen, dass viele andere mit sich bringt, erwiesen hat, haben sich Schritt für Schritt auch die Themen dieser Arbeit erweitert und weiterentwickelt.
Obwohl es in dieser Arbeit vorerst womöglich um trockene Begriffe und Analysen gehen sollte, kann von Schirach scheinbar auch bei wissenschaftlichem Schreiben einen zum Nachdenken bringen und den Autor eines solchen Textes dazu fordern, das Medium als Konzept im modernen Zeitalter, umzudenken. Gerade für diesen Bereich finde ich Ferdinand von Schirach als Objekt wissenschaftlicher Analyse äußerst angemessen, da man ihn freilich als eine Art Soziologen oder Psychologen und näturlicherweise als Juristen und Schriftsteller betrachten kann. Von Schirach ist aus mehreren verschiedenen Perspektiven forschbar, was auch etwas über sein Talent bzw. die Universalität seiner Werke sagen könnte. Vor allem aber kann uns Ferdinand von Schirach aber belehren, das Gespräch und die Diskussion mehr zu schätzen. Hier liegt meiner Meinung nach sein größter Wert und es ist das, was ihm zu einem intermedialen Erfolg gemacht hat
Dabar - infrastruktura za otvorenost u znanosti i visokom obrazovanju
No full textProjekt „Dabar - digitalni akademski arhivi i repozitoriji“ pokrenut je 2015. godine kako bi se stvorilo sustavno rješenje za neke od važnih potreba hrvatskih akademskih ustanova i omogućila što veća otvorenost i vidljivost rezultata obrazovne i istraživačke djelatnosti koja se na njima provodi (prvenstveno: ocjenskih radova studenata, znanstvenih i stručnih publikacija, obrazovnih materijala i istraživačkih podataka). U izlaganju će se predstaviti najnovije funkcionalnosti i etape u izgradnji Dabra, prikazati trenutno stanje razvoja i aktivnosti radnih skupina, te analizirati prihvaćenost Dabra među akademskim ustanovama. Četiri godine nakon pokretanja Dabra, važno je ispitati na koji se način on kao komponenta znanstveno-obrazovne infrastrukture uklapa u cjelokupni infrastrukturni pejzaž i u kojoj mjeri ispunjava ciljeve s kojima je pokrenut. Pri tome je također važno uočiti i ukazati na one elemente u okruženju (zakonske, organizacijske, financijske i ostale) koji mogu predstavljati ili prepreku ili poticaj većoj prihvaćenosti akademskih repozitorija, a time i otvorenijoj, vidljivijoj i utjecajnijoj znanosti
Šamanizam u europskom paleolitiku - pregled arheoloških izvora
No full textGornji paleolitik i pojava anatomski modernog čovjeka ujedno je i vremensko razdoblje od kojeg se prema nekim autorima (D. Lewis-Williams, T. Dowson, M. i S. Aldhouse-Green) mogu pratiti začeci šamanizma. Šaman je, prema svemu sudeći, riječ tunguskog porijekla, a sasvim sigurno označava osobu s posebnim moćima, koja se često krivo izjednačava s pojmovima liječnik, čarobnjak i sl., a predstavlja osobu koja komunikacijom sa spiritualnim bićima može osigurati dobrobit za zajednicu kojoj pripada (Vitebsky, 2000; Perrin, 2010). Pri tome, uvijek se spominje i let u gornji ili donji svijet, u kojem borave bića s kojima obični ljudi ne mogu doći u kontakt. Šamanski let, odnosno putovanje u druge svjetove, omogućeno je ulaskom u promijenjena stanja svijesti, točnije, njegove tri faze (Lewis-Williams, 2002). Promijenjeno stanje svijesti ne poznaju samo i isključivo šamani, ali je za njih neophodno. Najveći dio mog rada obuhvaća prikaz arheološkog materijala na temelju kojeg se može pratiti djelovanje šamana u razdoblju paleolitika
Rimski trijumf na rimskom novcu
No full textTema ovog rada je porijeklo i ceremonija rimkog trijumfa čiji prikaz nalazimo i na novcu. Rimski trijumf bio je jedan od najznačajnijih slavlja u rimskom svijetu. Ovim događajem trijumfator je ušao u slavnu rimsku povijest. Ovaj događaj u rimskom svijetu bio je usko povezan s bogom Jupiterom. Jupiter je bio zaštitnik grada Rima, vojnici i zapovjednici vojske, prije rata, najčešće su se obraćali Jupiteru te tražili njegovu naklonost u bitkama. U svrhu zahvale Jupiteru, na dan slavlja, trijumfator nosi Jupiterovu atribute. Obučen je u ljubičastu togu, u ruci drži žezlo koje završava u obliku orla, lice mu je obojeno crvenom bojom te nosi lovorov vijenac. Trijumfator je na taj dan paradirao gradom Rimom u kvadrizi koja se najčešće pojavljuje na reversu novca koji su trijumfatori dali kovati.The theme of this paper is the origin and ceremony of the Roman triumph which display we also found on roman coins. The Roman triumph was one of the most important celebrations in the Roman world. With these event, the triumphator entered in the famous Roman history. This event in the Roman world was closely related to god Jupiter. Jupiter was the patron of the city of Rome, soldiers and commanders of the army, before going to the war, prayed to the Jupiter for victory. In order to thank Jupiter, on the day of celebration, the triumphator carries Jupiter's attributes. He is dressed in a purple toga, holding a snout that ends with eagle, his face was painted in red and he was wearing a laurel wreath on head. On this day, the triumphator paradigmed throuhh the city of Rome in the quadriga. Quadriga is the most often representationon onroman coins that are related with roman triumph
The mechanisms of media selfregulation in the Republic of Croatia
No full textZbog kršenja profesionalnih načela novinari mogu dobiti moralne sankcije koje izriče struka, ali mogu biti izloženi i sudskom progonu. Kako bi se izbjegle takve situacije novinari bi trebali poštovati temeljna profesionalna načela novinarstva kao što su istinitost, točnost, poštenje, čuvanje tuđe privatnosti, zadržavanje profesionalne neovisnosti i odgovornost prema korisnicima odnosno poznavati mehanizme medijske samoregulacije. Poštujući profesionalna načela novinari pokazuju odgovornost prema društvu i svoju moralnu svijest o važnosti etičkog postupanja. Radom se istražuje zašto mehanizmi medijske samoregulacije u Hrvatskoj nisu učinkoviti, zašto novinari ne poštuju profesionalna načela, koji unutarnji i vanjski faktori utječu na rad novinara i urednika. Za provjeru postavljenih hipoteza provedena su dva istraživanja. Prvo je provedeno kvantitativno istraživanje uz pomoć anketnog upitnika na uzorku koji su činili novinari i urednici dnevnih novina, elektroničkih i online medija (N=141) iz cijele Hrvatske. Drugi dio istraživanja bilo je kvalitativno istraživanje u obliku polustrukturiranog intervjua sa znanstvenicima kojima su mediji u fokusu interesa (N=5). Anketno istraživanje pokazalo je da novinari nisu dovoljno upoznati s mehanizmima medijske samoregulacije jer je tek nešto više od polovice anketiranih odgovorilo kako su upoznati s mehanizmima (55,3%) dok je 44,7% anketiranih izjavilo da uopće ili uglavnom nisu upoznati. Glavna hipoteza istraživanja je potvrđena jer iako su novinari svjesni važnosti mehanizama i spremni učiti o njima, relativno visoki postotak nepoznavanja mehanizama, nedovoljna informiranost, visoka uvjerenost u nedjelotvornost mehanizama, ali i nepovjerenje u profesionalnost kolega potvrđuju glavnu hipotezu istraživanja. Istraživanjem je također dokazano kako većina ispitanika (75%), bez obzira na obrazovanje i radno iskustvo smatra da medijska samoregulativna tijela nemaju učinkovit sustav sankcioniranja u slučajevima kršenja novinarske etike. Dijelom je potvrđena hipoteza da novinari s višom razinom obrazovanja više poštuju Kodeks časti. Hipoteza o povezanosti radnog iskustva urednika s poštovanjem Kodeksa časti nije potvrđena kao ni hipoteze da novinari u dnevnim novinama više poštuju Kodeks časti od novinara u elektroničkim i online medijima. Kao glavne faktore koji utječu na rad novinara ispitanici su naveli urednike (ocjena 3,76), oglašivače (3,14) konkurentske medije (3,07), upravu medija (3,06), vlasnike medija (2,89), kolege iz odjela prodaje i marketinga (2,78), nacionalne političare (2,55) i lokalne političare (2,37). Kao najveće probleme medija u Hrvatskoj ispitanici vide utjecaj politike na medije (75,2%), urednike koji su podložni pritiscima (74,5%), gospodarsku krizu (70,2%), utjecaj raznih lobija (62,4%), niske plaće i honorare (61%), te neprofesionalnost novinara i urednika (53,9%). Za znanstvenike glavni krivci za ovakvo stanje su urednici, koji nisu dorasli poslu koji obavljaju, novinari koji nedovoljno poznaju mehanizme medijske samoregulacije te Hrvatsko novinarskom društvu, koje je pasivno.In their everyday work journalists should follow the principles prescribed by codices,
ranging from redaction codices to the basic one – national Code of honour of Croatian
journalists. In case any of the regulations of the journalist code have been violated, a reaction
of the self-regulatory bodies is expected to take place. Journalism is a public profession and
every mistake is evident, and therefore it is necessary for the journalist profession to develop
various systems of media responsibility. Previously conducted research has established that
Croatian journalists and editors do not abide by the Code of honour of Croatia journalists,
mandatory for all Croatian journalists, and Journalists’ Council of Honour reacts only to
reports submitted by the damaged parties. The Croatian Media Council is also inactive, and
corrections and apologies are very rare in Croatian media.
The aim of the research of this doctoral thesis was to determine whether or not the
mechanisms of media self-regulations in Croatia are effective, and which internal and external
factors seem to influence journalist work. The following research questions were presented
themselves throughout the research thesis:
1. Which media self-regulation mechanisms are in place in Croatia?
2. How do media self-regulation mechanisms in Croatia work?
3. Is there a link between the education levels of journalist/editor, and abidance of the
media self-regulation?
4. Is there a correlation between the work experience of journalists and editors and their
abidance of the Code of honour of Croatian journalists?
5. Do journalists and editors working in printed media respect the Code of honour more
than journalists and editors working in online media?
6. Is there an editing censorship in Croatian media due to which journalists do not abide
by the Code of honour?
7. How much do external factors influence journalists and editors (advertisers, PR,
agencies, politicians, crisis)?
8. How much do internal factors influence journalists and editors (education, work
experience, media owners)?
In order to provide answers to these questions the following hypothesises were proposed:
H1:The mechanisms of media self-regulation in Croatia are not effective.
H2:Media self-regulatory authorities do not have an effective system of sanctioning
journalists, editors, and publishers in cases of media ethics violations.
H3:Journalists with a lower education level abide by the Code of honour less than those
with a higher level of education.
H4:Editors with more work experience abide by the Code of honour more than editors
with less work experience.
H5:Journalists working in newspapers abide by the Code of honour more than
journalists working in electronic media.
H6:Journalists working in newspapers abide by the Code of honour more than
journalists working in online media.
In order to confirm or disprove these hypothesises two research studies were
conducted. The first research was a quantitative research which used a survey conducted on a
sample group of journalists and editors of printed, electronic, and online media. Through this
research attitudes and opinions of journalists and editors on media self-regulation and its
effects on their everyday work were examined. The second part of the research was
qualitative – a semi-structured interview was conducted with scientists with media as the main
focus of their interest. The aim of the interview was to find out how the scientific population
perceives the mechanisms of media self-regulation, media ethics, and the role of journalists in
Croatia.
The survey showed that journalists are not familiar enough with the existing
mechanisms of media self-regulation, since only slightly more than half of the subjects said
they were familiar with the mechanisms (55.3%), while 44.7% of the subjects said they were
not at all or in general familiar with the mechanisms. It would be difficult to expect the
journalists to abide by the mechanisms they do not have enough knowledge and information
of, since clearly they could not apply them in their work. Journalists themselves are not
confident in how efficient the mechanisms are, as two thirds of them (67.4%) believe that the
mechanisms are not effective. It is clear that journalists, regardless of their education level,
work experience, and type of media they work in, are aware that there is no reaction to
unethical news stories violating the basic postulates of the journalist profession. Therefore, it
can be concluded that the main hypothesis of this research has been confirmed – even though
journalists are aware of the importance of the mechanisms and they are willing to learn about
them, the overall lack of knowledge about the mechanisms is relatively high. The lack of
information and the overall high conviction that the mechanisms are ineffective, as well as the
overall distrust in the professionalism of their colleagues both confirm the main hypothesis. The second hypothesis has also been confirmed, as it has been proven that a majority
of the subjects (75%), regardless of their education level and work experience, believe that
media self-regulation authorities do not have an effective sanctioning system in place in the
cases of journalism ethics violation. As the differences between subject groups were not
statistically significant, it can be concluded that the opinion dominating in all subject
segments is that the sanctioning system in cases of violating journalism ethics is ineffective.
The third hypothesis examined the link between education level and how likely a
journalist is to abide by the Code of honour. The difference between the subject groups based
on education levels in average was not shown to be statistically significant in connection to
any of the observed factors, regarding whether or not they agreed with the influences various
factors seem to have on work. There was also no statistical significance when it came to the
level, and type of education. The only statistically significant result was regarding the
question “which mechanism of self-regulation are you familiar with”: 50.5% of subjects with
higher education answered this accurately, which is significantly more than the 28.6% of the
accurate answers given by the subjects who have finished high school. The conclusion is that
the perception of the influence of various factors on work is not affected by the subjects’
education level and type. Therefore, the hypothesis was partially confirmed: the subjects with
a higher education level were significantly more familiar with the existing mechanisms of
media self-regulation; apropos they were able to list out more self-regulatory mechanisms.
The research also aimed at examining whether or not there is a link between editor
work experience and their abidance to the Code of honour. The hypothesis was not proven,
since the only significant result is with editors with 20 years or more experience who believe
that media self-regulation mechanisms in Croatia are not effective in relation to the degree of
agreement with editors with 20 years of less of experience.
The hypothesis that journalists in printed media abide by the code more than the
journalists in electronic media was not proven. The only statistically significant difference
was noted in how much the subjects, estimated whether they have enough information on the
importance of the mechanisms: those employed in printed media have more information
(36.2%) than journalists working in electronic media (18.2%). Based on all the tested
differences this hypothesis could not be proven.
The sixth hypothesis looked into whether journalists in printed media abide by the
Code of honour more than journalists in online media. Based on the statistical significance
tests of the differences in answers this hypothesis could also not be proven.The survey highlighted key internal and external factors which seem to influence
journalists’ work. The subjects proposed that the biggest influence among the internal factors
are the editors (3.76 on the scale from 1 to 5), media management (3.06), media owners
(2.89), and colleagues from the sales and marketing department (2.78). Among the external
factors, the biggest influences were the advertisers (3.14), competitor media (3.07), national
politicians (2.55), and local politicians (2.37).
The scientists taking part in this research believe that Croatian journalists do not have
enough knowledge when it comes to the mechanisms of media self-regulation, also confirmed
by the conducted survey. As the main culprits responsible for the unsatisfying state in this
area they highlighted editors not experienced or mature enough for their job, as well as the
Croatian Journalists' Association (CJA), which did not raise enough attention when it comes
to the awareness concerning the importance of the reform of the media self-regulation needed
to be adjusted in order to deal with the challenges presented by the digital age.
This is the first research conducted in Croatia exploring the attitudes and opinions of
journalists and editors on the mechanisms of media self-regulation and factors which
influence their abidance to the Code of honour. The research has shown that the reason behind
the lack of ethicality of Croatian journalists is the lack of knowledge when it comes to the
mechanisms of media self-regulation, apropos the professional standards, since almost half of
the subjects in the research were not familiar with the mentioned mechanisms (44.7%). Here
seems to lie the key to all future actions aiming to change the current state. The key actors
behind this change can be media houses, local branches, and the head office of the CJA itself,
as well as the academic community, since professional and credible journalism should be in
all of theirs interest
Bibliographic data in articles in Croatian scientific journals
No full textZa potrebe ovoga diplomskog rada analizirani su hrvatski znanstveni časopisi s barem jednim brojem objavljenim u 2016. godini dostupni na portalu Hrčak u znanstvenim područjima: prirodne znanosti, tehničke znanosti, biomedicina i zdravstvo, biotehničke znanosti, društvene te humanističke znanosti. Analizirano je šest znanstvenih područja. Hrčak je centralni portal koji obuhvaća hrvatske znanstvene i stručne časopise s otvorenim pristupom člancima u časopisima. U radu se donosi analiza bibliografska opremljenost znanstvenih časopisa po navedenim područjima, kao i usporedba strukture časopisa iz svih analiziranih znanstvenih područja. Analizirani su bibliografski elementi: ime autora; naslov članka; ustanova u kojoj je autor zaposlen; kontakt adresa autora; kategorija članka; UDK članka; datum primitka članka u uredništvo; datum prihvaćanja članka; tekući naslov; verzija časopisa; upute autorima; jezik članaka te oznake DOI i ORCID. Analizirani parametri vezani su za formalno uređenje članaka. U radu se pokušava odgovoriti na pitanje utječe li uređenje članka na njegovu vidljivost, čitanost i utjecaj časopisa. Također, rad donosi i pregled znanstvenih područja koja prate trendove u informacijsko-komunikacijskoj znanosti i tehnologijama te time pospješuju znanstvenu komunikaciju, čine ju bržom, kvalitetnijom i djelotvornijom.This paper deals with analyzes in bibliographic data of Croatian scientific journals. It focuses on articles which are published in 2016 and which are available on the Hrčak portal. Hrčak is a central portal that includes Croatian scientific and professional journals with open access to articles in journals. The paper provides an analysis of the bibliographic elements of scientific articles in six areas, as well as their comparison: natural sciences, technical sciences, biomedicine and health, biotechnical sciences, and humanities and social sciences. This bibliographic elements were analyzed: author's name; title of article; the institution in which the author is employed; contact address of the author; category of article; UDK article; date of receipt of articles in editorial office; date of acceptance of the article; current title; the language of articles and tags DOI and ORCID. The analyzed parameters are related to the formal arrangement of articles. This paper will show the influence of article editing on its visibility, reading and influence of the journal. Results provide an overview of the scientific areas which follow the trends in information and communication sciences and technologies, thus promoting scientific communication, making it faster, better and more efficient
Media enculturation of youth in leisure
No full textProblem ove studije predstavlja medijska inkulturacija mladih u slobodnom vremenu.
Naslov upućuje na značaj medijske kulture u životu mladih, a mladenaštvo predstavlja
period života kada su najizraženiji proces inkulturacije kao i drugi važni procesi formiranja
ličnosti. Kultura i kulturni procesi oblikuju cjelokupno razmišljanje mlade osobe,
stvaralačku maštu, vrijednosti, tj formiraju kreativnu i kulturnu ličnost. Slobodno vrijeme
predstavlja prostor realizacije ovih procesa, a mediji kao osnovni sadržaj slobodnog
vremena značajno utječu na interiorizaciju kulture. Ova pitanja su problematizirana u
teorijskom dijelu rada koji je koncipiran u obliku pet podnaslova. U cilju utvrĎivanja
medijske inkulturacije izvršeno je anketno ispitivanje u školskoj godini 2015/2016. Uzorak
je sačinjavalo 418 učenika 2. i 3. razreda gimnazija, što je 15,8% ukupnog broja učenika 2.
i 3. razreda gimnazija. Rezultati su pokazali statistički značajnu povezanost izmeĎu sociodemografskih
obilježja ispitanika s ispitivanim varijablama (vremensko-sadržajna
izloženost medijima, vrijednosne orijentacije i aktivnosti u slobodnom vremenu). UtvrĎeno
je da se vremensko-sadržajna dimenzija izloženosti medijima razlikuje u odnosu na spol,
mjesto stanovanja i školski uspjeh ispitanika. Vrijednosne orijentacije se razlikuju u
odnosu na spol, mjesto stanovanja, razinu obrazovanja majke i školski uspjeh ispitanika,
dok nije utvrĎena statistički značajna povezanost u odnosu na dob i razinu obrazovanja
oca. Aktivnosti slobodnog vremena se razlikuju u odnosu na spol, dob, razinu obrazovanja
roditelja i školski uspjeh ispitanika. TakoĎer, utvrĎena je povezanost vrijednosno-sadržajne
dimenzije medija s vrijednosnim orijentacijama ispitanika.In contemporary age, it is not possible to image a life of a child, adolescent, as well as an
adult outside of the media context. Everybody, according to their own needs, chooses
certain media and media content and determines the time that they will spend watching
those media or media content. Youths use media for entertainment, finding information, or
simply for spending free time, avoiding boredom, achieving certain level of the mood,
forming identity, and for cultural identification (Comstock and Scharcker, 2001; Roberts
and Christenson, 2001; Valkenburg and Cantor, 2000; Dubow, Huesmann and Greenwood,
2007; Arnet, 1995).
It is necessary to add that youths today use media for socialization, promoting themselves,
and for inculturation.
Due to the significance that culture has for the life, or because of the thought that life is
nothing more than a culture, we have chosen the media enculturation of youth during free
time as the problem of this dissertation. The title of this paper contains terms that have
demanded critical interpretation and the analysis of theoretical sources due to the
importance and the complexity. Also, empirical research has been conducted in order to
determine the media enculturation based on the free time activities and the value system of
the youth. Namely, free time is a part of the cultural life; it enables the use as well as the
creation of cultural goods which increases the level of general culture. Shortly, the
development of creative cultural personality is possible in free time. On the other hand, it
is possible to see the culture of youth through the value orientations that act as directing
principles in life and that are being adopted through the process of socialization and
enculturation.
Doctoral dissertation contains seven parts: Introduction, Theoretical Part, Methodology of
Empirical Research, The Results, Conclusions, and Literature.
Theoretical part of the dissertation contains five subtitles. In the first part, ‘Adolescence as
Period of Life’, holistic approach was used in dealing with the adolescent period that is
often called ‘the second birth’ due to the complexity of changes that appear in this period
of life. Firstly, that is the process of moving from the childhood to the adult age
characterized by changes on the body, cognitive, and socio-emotional plan. The process of
socialization has been expressed in period and it is established through learning. By
analyzing theories of social learning, we tried to clear up the influence of media on the cognitive-emotional and moral development of the personality. The process of
enculturation forms the cultural identity – the process that is located in the core of an
individual and in the core of their social culture. That is actually the process that
determines the identity of these two identities (Erikson, 1976). The identity is form through
phases and each phase has certain identity crisis that if it gets overcome successfully will
result in certain virtue. Adopting the value system is also significant task of age of
adolescence. Cognitive, affectionate, and behavior component of the value indicates that
values completely determine the behavior of a person. Namely, the cognitive component
determines wanted behavior. Affectionate component directs a person to choose people of
similar values in their social circle. In the end, behavioral component determines the
behavior of a person. It can be concluded that all important processes for forming a
personality are done in the age of adolescence.
The second part is entitled ‘Culture and Youth’. In this part, the genesis of culture has been
listed. Slow elaboration of term ‘culture’ lasted for twenty centuries which means that
culture is much older as an idea than as a word. Kroeber and Kluckhohn have collected
164 definition of the term and they added their own definition which says: "Culture
consists of patterns, explicit and implicit, of and for behavior (…); the essential core of
culture consists of traditional (i.e. historically derived and selected) ideas and especially
their attached values; culture systems may, on the one hand, be considered as products of
action, and on the other as conditioning elements of further action." (Skledar, 2012). The
foundation of culture is communication. Cultures are marked by communication media and
because of that we have audible, visual, electronic, and digital culture of communication.
Digital society is based on the communication networks that surpass borders which caused
the establishment of global culture where information takes central place. Information is
part of the cultural base of the society and it includes aspects of exchanging knowledge and
cultural identity and the way the society treats the information – their availability and
processing and it is also determined by cultural perspective. (Hemelink, 2003). Thanks to
the digital media, youth has the opportunity to experiment with cultural identities in socalled
the identity laboratory what is described the best by Gofman’s dramaturgy theory.
Third part of the theoretical part of the work, ‘The Free Time of Youth’, starting from the
theoretical starting point about the free time marks ancient age as the period where leisure
had great importance and it was related to the focusing on opinions and feelings that enable a person to be present in a creative way. Leisure that is often equated to the term ‘free
time’ represents the most important time for dynamics of human creational discoveries and
recognition of his creative potentials. Free time, thou, represents time used most often in
passive consummation of finished media products which results with the feelings of
indifference, apathy, and boredom. Dumazedier (1962) indicates that the central problem
of the civilization of free time is contained in the possibility to cause active behavior and
active attitude. Active behavior implies social, cultural, and individual dimension and it is
confirmed as the capability of optimal participation of a person in social and cultural life as
an optimum of self-confirmation of the personality. Regarding the development of
personality as one of the three functions of free time, the emphasis is placed on the culture
of spending free time. Culture and culture processes shape the complete thinking of a
young person, as well as behavior and creative imagination, and the establishment of
values. Theoretical consideration and the analysis of the importance of free time result with
one conclusion and that is the need for active and creating fulfillment of that free time for
the purpose of personality development. Empirical researches indicate that free time is
used exclusively for the purpose of entertainment and leisure. The education about the free
time is necessary in order to develop a culture, capabilities, and habits for fulfilled, useful
and pleasant free time spending and this is what Previšić (1987) has been indicating.
Media in Modern Life of Youth’ is the fourth part of this dissertation where family tree of
media has been represented. Fidler (2004) divided this tree in three areas: interpersonal,
emission and documentation area. The tree shows that new media are never pushing out
the old because the old media transform into more contemporary forms. Media are not the
only thing changing as the structure and the content of media program also changes. Under
the strong pressure of the ideology of profit, media oligopolies push out the production of
content and programs of the biggest quality such as educational and documentary program
in order to push in different shows and entertainment programs whose production is cheap
and that bring big income. Media culture, due to their wide presence, has been taking the
central place in contemporary theory of culture for thirty years. It shapes dominant
understanding of the world, universal values and it provides the basis for understanding
individual and collective identities. The adoption of media culture without intellectual
efforts and speedy expansion enabled by the new media made the media culture
cosmopolitan according to the presence in the world. New media whose creative
innovation is represented by digitalization have completely overtaken the life of youth who are online twenty-four hours a day. Youth most often use the media for fulfilling their
needs for socialization and entertainment. Media content has made them completely
passive and it has locked them in their rooms and because of that the term ‘the Bedroom
Culture” was coined where youth chooses the content without the adult supervision.
The fifth part, ‘Media enculturation’ as pedagogical process was written as a type of
conclusion in comparison to previous parts. Scientists from the area of pedagogy,
psychology and sociology indicate that media are taking over the mail role of agents of the
socialization and enculturation of youth. Arnett (1995b) lists seven agents of socialization
whose goal is for youth to become socialized members of their culture. He listed media as
special agent because their only goal is profit. The content of the media effects the current
and permanent changes in behavior, changes of attitudes, cognitive and physiological
changes and changes of emotions. Several variables have been determined and their role is
the moderators of effects of media content exposure. Some of those moderators,
intelligence (crystallized, fluid and emotional) and term differentiation for example,
indicate the importance of media literacy. Media literacy implies seven skills that should
be actively used while interpreting messages received through the media. For the purpose
of gaining media literacy, it is necessary to introduce media education in the curriculum in
all educational levels.
‘The Methodology of Empirical Research’ is the third part of the dissertation that contains
following parts: problem and the goal of the research, tasks of the research, hypotheses,
sample, instrument, and procedure. Based on the determined problem and the goal of the
research, the tasks and hypotheses of the research have been defined. The research was
conducted through polling questionnaire on the sample of 418 students of second and third
grade of the High School which is 15,8 percent of total number of students of second and
third grade students in Canton Sarajevo. The anonymous polling research was conducted in
the 2015/2016 school year.
The fourth part of the dissertation is ‘Results’ and it contains tables that show the research
data. It also shows all the research variables, relation between socio-demographic
characteristics of the research participants with examined variables and relation between
value orientations with all researched variables. The fifth part, ‘Discussion’, contains significant data and their comparison with the results
of the previous researches. The time-content dimension of exposure to media is different in
relation to gender, place of living, and academic success of the students and this partly
confirms the first hypothesis of the research. Even though the conclusions of many
researches indicate that new age and new technologies do not rely on tradition and
traditional values, this research shows that family upbringing had great significance in the
upbringing of the participants. That was reflected on cherishing traditional value
orientations and moral values. Value orientations differentiate in relation to gender, place
of living, education of the mother, and academic success of the participants while the
significant statistical connection between the age and the education of the father was not
determined. That partly confirms the second hypothesis of the research. Youth spends free
time by doing computer, social and non-structural activities. Activities of free time are
different in relation to gender, age, parents’ education level, and academic success of the
participants. The place of living did not prove to be relevant for doing free time activities.
That also partly confirms the third hypothesis. Mental and expressive free time activities
are very connected to the creative value orientations of youth. The forth hypothesis of the
research that was related to the relationship between value orientations with all examined
variables of the research has also been partly confirmed.
The sixth pat of the dissertation contains conclusion, the scientific importance of the
research and the suggestions for further research