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"MISFA: A key player for Islamic microfinance institutions in Afghanistan"
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Vom Sinn der Pfeile: Lektüren der Unverhältnismäßigkeit zu Marc-Antoine Mathieus Graphic Novel „Sens“
No full textInternational audienceDieser Beitrag untersucht die bewusste Verweigerung einer konventionellen Erzählweise in Marc-Antoine Mathieus Graphic Novel Sens. Durch eine minimalistische Darstellung, die sich auf das wiederkehrende Motiv eines Pfeils konzentriert, fordert das Werk die Leser:innen auf, aktiv an der Konstruktion von „Sinn” und „Richtung” des Leseprozesses teilzunehmen. Mithilfe der Methode der „Lektüre der Unverhältnismäßigkeit” wird gezeigt, wie kleinste Details zu einem tieferen Verständnis der Gesamtkomposition führen können. Dabei wird der Leseprozess radikal verlangsamt, sodass die Monotonie und Wiederholung nicht als Redundanz, sondern als bewusste gestalterische Strategie betrachtet werden. In der Analyse wird deutlich, dass Mathieus Werk eine philosophische Reflexion über Wahrnehmung, Zeit und Sinn eröffnet. Durch den Vergleich mit filmischen Ansätzen von Regisseuren wie Tarkowski wird zudem erörtert, wie visuelle Narration durch eine extrem reduzierte Bildsprache dennoch komplexe Bedeutungen vermitteln kann
Filmer sa migration vers l’Europe. Retournement de la stigmatisation médiatique et processus de subjectivation (2012-2020)
No full textIn response to the outrage provoked by the stigmatisation of migrants inmainstream media, this thesis examines documentaries made by migrants incollaboration with European producers and directors during their migration toEurope. To analyse the dynamics at play, the corpus is structured around two poles:on the one hand, media constructions (French television news) and institutionalproductions (Frontex videos); on the other, documentary works created by themigrants themselves. These films enact a ‘reversal’ of media stigmatisation,engaging Gilles Deleuze’s ‘art of control’ and Michel Foucault’s notion of ‘counter-strategy’. Their strength lies not only in their ability to resist dominantrepresentations by offering a reversed image of stigmatisation, but also becausethey offer creative spaces that migrants progressively appropriate and inhabit.While these documentaries highlight the coexistence of marginalisation andunexpected forms of emancipation and ‘identity re-elaboration’ (Michel Agier), thisthesis argues that migrant filmmaking not only reflects this reality but alsocontributes to their ‘processes of subjectivation’ (Foucault). By bringing togetherthe analysis of filmic forms and theoretical reflection, and drawing onphilosophical, anthropological, and political perspectives, this thesis explores therole of the camera as a self-reflexive tool in the production of subjectivity, whilecalling for a reconsideration of media representations of migrants.Face à l’indignation suscitée par la stigmatisation des migrants dans l’espace médiatique, cette thèse examine les documentaires qu’ils réalisent en collaboration avec des producteurs et réalisateurs européens durant leur migration vers l’Europe. Pour analyser les dynamiques à l’œuvre, le corpus se structure en deux pôles : d’une part, les constructions médiatiques (journaux télévisés français) et institutionnelles (vidéos de Frontex) ; d’autre part, les productions documentaires des migrants eux-mêmes. Ces films opèrent un « retournement » de la stigmatisation médiatique, conciliant « l’art du contrôle » de Gilles Deleuze et la notion de « contre-stratégie » de Michel Foucault. Leur force réside non seulement dans leur capacité à résister aux représentations dominantes en offrant une image inversée de la stigmatisation, mais aussi dans le fait qu’ils constituent des espaces de création que les migrants s’approprient. Alors que ces documentaires mettent en lumière la coexistence entre marginalisation et formes inattendues d’émancipation et de « réélaboration identitaire » (Michel Agier), cette thèse soutient que la pratique filmique des migrants ne se limite pas à refléter cette réalité, mais contribue également à leur « processus de subjectivation » (Foucault). En articulant l’analyse des formes filmiques et la théorie, et en mobilisant des réflexions philosophiques, anthropologiques et politiques, cette thèse propose ainsi une réflexion sur le rôle de la caméra, en tant qu’outil autoréflexif, dans la production de subjectivité, tout en appelant à une reconsidération des représentations médiatiques des migrants
The Task of the Translator. An Arabic-Persian-Turkish Translation Programme in Seventeenth-Century Ottoman Kurdistan
No full textInternational audienceThis presentation examines three translations made from Arabic and Persian into Turkish in the Kurdish emirate of Bidlīs as part of what appears to have been a broader translation programme initiated by its ruler, Abdāl Khān (r. 1622–1664). The texts selected for translation are Ḥamdallāh Mustawfī Qazvīnī’s Nuzhat al-Qulūb (“Delight of the Hearts”), composed in 1340; Muḥammad al-Mahdawī b. ‘Alī al-Ṣanawbarī’s Kitāb al-Raḥma fī al-Ṭibb wa al-Ḥikma (“Book of Mercy on Medicine and Wisdom”), composed in 1412; and the anonymous Majmū‘at al-Ṣanāyi‘ (“Compendium of Arts and Crafts”), composed in the late sixteenth century. Among these, only the translator of the Nuzhat is known as ‘Abdallāh b. Miḥrāb al-Pādārī.In this study, I aim to focus more specifically on the methodology used in translating these three works. By analysing examples drawn from all sections of the texts, I will endeavour to accurately describe the translator’s (or translators’) modus operandi and address key questions related to grammar, semantics, vocabulary, and fidelity to the original text. To achieve this, I will explore the following questions: Does the translator employ unfamiliar “Arabisms” and “Persianisms,” or does he predominantly favour Turkish words, risking semantic loss or shift? Does the text contain numerous Persian grammatical calques? Are there noticeable changes in syntactic structure or meaning? What about additions and omissions? Finally, I will draw conclusions regarding the translator’s identity, the intended readership of these translations, and the broader objectives of Abdāl Khān’s translation programme
L'histoire de la discipline au programme du concours de recrutement des professeurs de Lettres en France ?: Retour sur l'épreuve sur dossier du CAPES de Lettres modernes (2010-2014)
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Optical distance sensors to measure the articulation of complex sounds
No full textAcoustique de la voix, de la parole et du chant : session générale ; GAP - Voix et ParoleNational audienceEPG the most widely used palate-based measurement technique have electrodes distributed over their surface, measuring the presence or absence of contact with the tongue. These contact sensors do not provide information about the position of the tongue at places without contact and about the lingual pressure at the points of contact. This information is provided by OPG (Birkholz et al. (2023). OPG uses optical distance sensors to measure the distance from different locations on the palate to the tongue surface. Optical sensors are both usually larger than EPG electrodes, which limits the number of sensors per palate. Each distance sensor consists of a light source and a photodetector at a close distance from each other, mounted on the lingual side of the artificial palate. To measure the distance to the tongue, the light source emits a beam of light on the tongue, and the photodetector registers the light reflected from the tongue surface. The recorded light intensity is approximately proportional to the inverse square of the distance, Chuang and Wang (1978). The light source is typically a light-emitting diode (LED) or a laser diode, and the photodetector is a photodiode or a phototransistor. Several palate models that have been developed at the TU Dresden between 2011 and 2022. This presentation focuses on model 6. The presentation will show data acquired on the Iraqw, Sandawe and Maasai languages having complex sounds like ejectives, clicks and fortis-lenis sounds which provide good case studies to test the accuracy and progress made by the OPG. Peter Birkholz, Simon Stone, Christoph Wagner, Steffen Kürbis, Alexander Wilbrandt, Mats Bosshammer. 2023. A review of palatographic measurement devices developed at the TU Dresden from 2011 to 2022. ICPHS Prague. C.-K. Chuang and W. S. Wang, 1978. Use of optical distance sensing to track tongue motion,” Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, vol. 21, 482– 496
Les travaux de Taion de Saragosse et leurs implications pour l’oeuvre d’Isidore de Séville et le Liber glossarum
No full textInternational audienceThe Liber glossarum holds a distinctive place among the works produced in the 7th-century Iberian Peninsula, casting a unique light on numerous other texts. It demonstrates a network of close connections with the works of both Isidore of Seville and Taion of Saragossa. This triangular relationship is evident in the rewriting processes of three of Isidore's works (Etymologies, Differences, Spiritual Differences), used in the Liber glossarum, and shows how rare texts in the Iberian Peninsula were extensively utilized both by Taion of Saragossa and in the Liber glossarum.Parmi les productions de la péninsule ibérique au VIIe siècle, le Liber glossarum occupe une place singulière, qui lui permet d’apporter son propre éclairage sur une série d’autres œuvres. Son élaboration le situe en effet dans un réseau de relations étroites à la fois avec l’œuvre d’Isidore de Séville mais aussi avec les écrits de Taion de Saragosse. On montre ici comment cette relation triangulaire transparaît dans les processus de réécriture de trois productions isidoriennes (Étymologies, Différences, Différences spirituelles), utilisées dans le Liber glossarum, et comment des œuvres rares dans la péninsule ibérique font l’objet d’une exploitation intensive à la fois par Taion de Saragosse et dans le Liber glossarum
Pour une « rhétorique étendue ». La rhétorique latine antique dans l’histoire des transferts terminologiques
No full textInternational audienceAs Cicero emphasizes in his De Oratore (1, 146), "it is not eloquence that was born from art, but art that was born from eloquence" (sic esse non eloquentiam ex artificio, sed artificium ex eloquentia natum). An original know-how thus becomes a theorized knowledge. This codification involves the creation of a borrowed nomenclature. Similar to the grammatical terminology borrowed from the Greek tradition, the words of Latin rhetoric are indeed indebted to their Greek equivalents. The creations of Latin rhetorical nomenclature are made through borrowing or by calque, whether morphological or semantic—processes that presuppose an immediate context of bilingualism and are creators of assumed duplicates destined for lasting circulation. Figures of rhetoric thereby constituted a valued corpus, disseminated through a multitude of treatises of an encyclopedic, exegetical, lexicographical nature, and technical lists. The investigation into these processes, whose history is not linear but involves phases of methodological trial and error, will be an opportunity to extend Sylvain Auroux's hypotheses on « extended grammar » by applying them to the field of rhetoric
Engineering Atom-scale Cascade Catalysis via Multi-active Site Collaboration for Ampere-level CO 2 Electroreduction to C 2+ Products
No full textInternational audienceElectrochemical reduction of CO 2 to value-added multicarbon (C 2+ ) productions offers an attractive route for renewable energy storage and CO 2 utilization, but it remains challenging to achieve high C 2+ selectivity at industrial-level current density. Herein, we report a Mo 1 Cu single-atom alloy (SAA) catalyst that displays a remarkable C 2+ Faradaic efficiency of 86.4% under 0.80 A cm -2 . Furthermore, the C 2+ partial current density over Mo 1 Cu reaches 1.33 A cm -2 with a Faradaic efficiency surpasses 74.3%. The combination of operando spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) indicates the as -prepared Mo 1 Cu SAA catalyst enables atom-scale cascade catalysis via multi-active site collaboration. The introduced Mo sites promote the H 2 O dissociation to fabricate active *H, meanwhile, the Cu sites (Cu 0 ) far from Mo atom are active sites for the CO 2 activation toward CO. Further, CO and *H are captured by the adjacent Cu sites (Cu &+ ) near Mo atom, accelerating CO conversion and C-C coupling process. Our findings benefit the design of tandem electrocatalysts at atomic scale for transforming CO 2 to multicarbon products under high conversion rate.</div
