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Desinformation und Wahlkampf
No full textSprachliche Entgleisungen sind im Wahlkampf nicht ungewöhnlich. In den letzten Jahren allerdings haben sich die digitalen Wahlkampagnen durch Unsinnsbehauptungen und Lügenverbreitung verschärft und den politischen Diskurs so tief verändert. Der heute dafür geläufige Begriff Fake News beschreibt dieses Phänomen. Eine Folge der Globalisierung ist, dass der Kampf gegen Falschinformationen in Netzwerken auch auf dem Gebiet der nationalen Wahlkampagnen nur auf internationaler Ebene effektiv geführt werden kann. Das ist sicher eine Herausforderung, aber es wäre ein Signal gegen die Staaten, die zu solchen Regelverstößen ermuntern und den demokratischen Willensbildungsprozess gefährden, der – par excellence – Ausdruck der Souveränität ist
Niedersächsischer Staatsgerichtshof, Beschluss vom 27.09.2021 – StGH 6/20: Maskenpflicht im Landtagsgebäude
No full textLeitsatz: Die auf Art. 18 Abs. 2 Satz 1 NV (Ordnungsgewalt der Landtagspräsidentin) gestützte Anordnung zum Tragen einer Mund-Nasen-Bedeckung in den Gebäuden des Niedersächsischen Landtages, einschließlich des Plenarsaals sowie der Sitzungs- und Besprechungsräume, verletzt nicht das in Art. 12 Satz 2 NV garantierte freie Mandat der Abgeordneten
Joseph Raz on the Problem of the Amoralist
No full textJoseph Raz has argued that the problem of the amoralist is misconceived. In this paper, I present three interpretations of what his argument is. None of these interpretations yields an argument that we are in a position to accept
The Rise and Fall of Disjunctivism
No full textIn the direct realist tradition of Reid and Austin, disjunctivism has joined its precursors in proudly trumpeting its allegiance with naïve realism. And the theory gains plausibility, particularly as compared with adverbialism, if one considers a Wittgensteinian line of argument regarding the use of sensation words. But ‘no common factor’ doctrines can be shown to be inconsistent with the naïve realism that has served as their main support. This does not mean that either disjunctivism or the Wittgensteinian perspective on language acquisition that informed it must be false. It does indicate, however, that linguistic arguments against private or internal meanings do not imply perceptual directness and that the espousal of direct realism—naïve or not—does not require adherence to disjunctivism
Action, Deviance, and Guidance
No full textI argue that we should give up the fight to rescue causal theories of action from fundamental challenges such as the problem of deviant causal chains; and that we should rather pursue an account of action based on the basic intuition that control identifies agency. In Section 1 I introduce causalism about action explanation. In Section 2 I present an alternative, Frankfurt’s idea of guidance. In Section 3 I argue that the problem of deviant causal chains challenges causalism in two important respects: first, it emphasizes that causalism fails to do justice to our basic intuition that control is necessary for agency. Second, it provides countless counterexamples to causalism, which many recent firemen have failed to extinguish – as I argue in some detail. Finally, in Section 4 I argue, contra Al Mele, that control does not require the attribution of psychological states as causes
Logic is not Logic
No full textIn this paper we discuss the difference between logic as reasoning and logic as a theory about reasoning. In the light of this distinction we examine central questions about history, philosophy and the very nature of logic. We study in which sense we can consider Aristotle as the first logician, Descartes‘s rejection of syllogistic as logical, Boole rather than Frege as the initiator of modern logic. We examine also in this perspective the unfolding of logic into logic and metalogic, the proliferations of logic systems, the questions of relativity and universality of logic and the position and interaction of logic with regards to other sciences such as physics, biology, mathematics and computer science
Logical Properties of Imagination
No full textInspired by Niiniluoto’s account of the logic of imagination, this work proposes a combined logic able to deal with interactions of imagination, conception and possibility. It combines Descartes’ view according to which imagination implies conception with Hume’s view according to which both imagination and conception imply possibility