Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza
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Stylistyka artykułów poradnikowych o tematyce kulinarnej adresowanych do mężczyzn – na podstawie materiałów z miesięcznika „Men’s Health”
Full text linkThe subject of the analyses in this article are food related articles addressed to men, published in the monthly “Men’s Health” in 2020. In order to encourage the readers to read texts related to broadly understood nutrition, the editors use the persuasive potential resulting from the combination of various functional styles. Colloquial, natural and casual style, which is typical of everyday communication, makes it easier to get closer to the readers, creates the impression of a close and friendly relationship and enters into a dialogue with them, while the scientific style promotes the credibility of the message and gives it a professional character. The way of providing metaphors, which is unusual for food related texts (war metaphor, automotive metaphor), as well as anthropomorphisms translate into the imagery character of the text and serve to familiarize the readers with a sphere of reality that is unknown to them.The subject of the analyses in this article are food related articles addressed to men, published in the monthly “Men’s Health” in 2020. In order to encourage the readers to read texts related to broadly understood nutrition, the editors use the persuasive potential resulting from the combination of various functional styles. Colloquial, natural and casual style, which is typical of everyday communication, makes it easier to get closer to the readers, creates the impression of a close and friendly relationship and enters into a dialogue with them, while the scientific style promotes the credibility of the message and gives it a professional character. The way of providing metaphors, which is unusual for food related texts (war metaphor, automotive metaphor), as well as anthropomorphisms translate into the imagery character of the text and serve to familiarize the readers with a sphere of reality that is unknown to them
Dialogue with Tradition in Historical Advertising Discourse. Polite Forms of Address
Full text linkThe aim of the article is to present how in historical advertisement discourse the sender (the advertiser) expressed an attitude towards the recipient in the context of tradition of that time related to the principles of language politeness. In the analysis, the author focuses on describing the forms of address used. The research encompasses a period spanning from the second half of 19th century to 1939, a period directly connected with the development of professional advertisements, the advertising industry, the first advertising agencies and the media – press, radio and cinematography. The sources used to write this paper include a wide variety of materials that comprise a large collection of texts representing various forms of advertisement, including press adverts, leaflets, postcards, posters, placards and notices, packaging materials, labels, folders, company catalogues and information brochures, price lists, company paper products (forms, envelopes, notes, and bills), and other promotional printed materials (e. g. invitations, letters, and thematic cook books), as well as radio advertisements. The analysis shows both that polite communication practices in historical advertising texts are characterised by a tendency to conform to traditional language politeness norms, including those specific to trade, and that the emergence of new communication tools and the democratisation of social life during the interwar period led to a need to simplify language etiquette and trade politeness norms, as well as to develop more familiar ways of addressing the audience in advertising discourse
Expressions in the Description of Orthodox Christianity in Kronika, to jest historyja świata by Marcin Bielski (1564)
Full text linkThe article examines the linguistic ways of describing Orthodoxy by Marcin Bielski in the third edition of his Chronicle, dated to 1564. The analyses show that Bielski uses various names for this religion, distinguishing between the Greek and Ruthenian faith, that he names the Orthodox in many ways, provides details about the manner of baptism, the Eucharist, places of worship and the veneration of saints, and the mission of St. Cyril and Methodius, and evokes the reasons for the split of both churches or attempts to resolve it.The article examines the linguistic ways of describing Orthodoxy by Marcin Bielski in the third edition of his Chronicle, dated to 1564. The analyses show that Bielski uses various names for this religion, distinguishing between the Greek and Ruthenian faith, that he names the Orthodox in many ways, provides details about the manner of baptism, the Eucharist, places of worship and the veneration of saints, and the mission of St. Cyril and Methodius, and evokes the reasons for the split of both churches or attempts to resolve it
Verbal-Visual Indicators of Genre Identification in a Mediotext (Using Monologised Audiovisual Interviews as an Example)
Full text linkThe aim of this article is to typify the verbal and visual means that determine whether a media expression, seemingly monologic in form, fits the interview genre. The research material consists of monologued audiovisual interviews of a confessional nature from the series “Room Number Seven” published on YouTube. Given the repetitive and cyclical nature of vlogs, the monologued interview in an audiovisual platform like YouTube evolves into a sub-genre with a relatively stable set of features. These characteristics no longer define individual messages but rather shape the content in a serial format. Internet user comments on selected episodes from the series “Room Seven” clearly demonstrate that, for viewers, monologued confidences are an unconventional demonstration of the interview genre pattern.The aim of this article is to typify the verbal and visual means that determine whether a media expression, seemingly monologic in form, fits the interview genre. The research material consists of monologued audiovisual interviews of a confessional nature from the series “Room Number Seven” published on YouTube. Given the repetitive and cyclical nature of vlogs, the monologued interview in an audiovisual platform like YouTube evolves into a sub-genre with a relatively stable set of features. These characteristics no longer define individual messages but rather shape the content in a serial format. Internet user comments on selected episodes from the series “Room Seven” clearly demonstrate that, for viewers, monologued confidences are an unconventional demonstration of the interview genre pattern
Pre-Reformation and Reformation Influences on the Development of European Literary Languages
Full text linkThe pre-Reformation and Reformation social and religious movements contributed to the development of biblical and religious as well as journalistic and polemical writings, which had a significantly positive impact on the increase in functional efficiency and standardisation of European languages. Translations of The Bible played a special role in the development of European languages as texts with the highest linguistic prestige. Not only did Luther’s Bible (1522–1534) contribute to the unification of German literary language, but its 16th-century translations had an outstanding influence on the development of Dutch and the Scandinavian languages, i.e. Danish, Swedish and Icelandic. The language of Protestant translations of The Bible was regarded in the 16th–17th centuries in France and England as a model of stylistic excellence. Prior to the 16th century, there were fairly rich Celtic writings (Irish, Scottish, Welsh and Cornish), but they were undoubtedly greatly enriched between the second half of the 16th century and the first quarter of the 19th century by Protestant translations of The Bible and other religious texts. The translation work by the Czech brothers (ideological supporters of the Reformation) – Blahoslav’s New Testament (1564) and the Kralice Bible (1579–1593) – is a symbol of the linguistic prowess of the 16th-century Czech language as well as the basis for its rebirth in the 19th century. The linguistic consciousness of the Slovaks was long influenced by the Kralice Bible. Hungarian and Polish Reformation translations of The Bible enriched the history of these languages considerably. A number of European languages owe their actual literary beginnings to the Reformation: Finnish and Estonian (Finnish languages), Latvian and Lithuanian (Baltic languages), Upper Lusatian, Lower Lusatian and Slovene (Slavonic languages). In Croatia, prints financed by Reformation supporters appeared in the 16th century. The Serbian Orthodox New Testament (1847) by Karadžić and The Old Testament (1868) by Daničić were published by the Protestant publishing house of the British Bible Society in London, which also published a translation of the Bulgarian Catholic Slaveykov Bible (1871)
Maciej Rak, Jan Karłowicz w świetle materiałów archiwalnych. Dialektologia, etnolingwistyka i lituanistyka, Wydawnictwo Księgarnia Akademicka, Kraków 2021, ss. 265
Full text linkRecenzja: Maciej Rak, Jan Karłowicz w świetle materiałów archiwalnych. Dialektologia, etnolingwistyka i lituanistyka, Wydawnictwo Księgarnia Akademicka, Kraków 2021, ss. 26
Standardization of the Silesian Language: The Current Status and Prospects for Development
Full text linkAt the beginning of the 20th century, a discussion on the status of the Silesian ethnolect emerged in Poland. Several years ago, the creative and language activist circles advocating for the linguistic autonomy of Silesian initiated actions aimed at the description and codification of the Silesian language. Among the many published works, only the few-page Wstępne zasady pisowni śląskiej (Preliminary Rules of Silesian Orthography) from 2009 and Gōrnoślōnski ślabikŏrz from 2010 can be considered valuable studies that had a real impact on the development of Silesian literature in the second decade of the 20th century. The relatively general normative decisions presented in these works are revised and extensively expanded in Zasady pisowni języka śląskiego (Rules of Silesian Language Orthography) from 2022. This monograph, which codifies not only Silesian orthography but also elements of grammar and vocabulary, can serve as a foundation for further activities towards the complete standardisation of the Silesian language.At the beginning of the 20th century, a discussion on the status of the Silesian ethnolect emerged in Poland. Several years ago, the creative and language activist circles advocating for the linguistic autonomy of Silesian initiated actions aimed at the description and codification of the Silesian language. Among the many published works, only the few-page Wstępne zasady pisowni śląskiej (Preliminary Rules of Silesian Orthography) from 2009 and Gōrnoślōnski ślabikŏrz from 2010 can be considered valuable studies that had a real impact on the development of Silesian literature in the second decade of the 20th century. The relatively general normative decisions presented in these works are revised and extensively expanded in Zasady pisowni języka śląskiego (Rules of Silesian Language Orthography) from 2022. This monograph, which codifies not only Silesian orthography but also elements of grammar and vocabulary, can serve as a foundation for further activities towards the complete standardisation of the Silesian language
Karawaka (Caravaca Cross) and Its Synonyms, or Lexical Returns
Full text linkThe authors, referring to the article Words That Come Back by Bogdan Walczak from 1998, present the history of the word karawaka in Polish. It is the name of the cross with two horizontal beams protecting against various disasters, especially against epidemics. Originally, it was a reliquary from the 4th century AD with a piece of the Holy Cross Tree, brought in the 13th century during the Crusades from Jerusalem to the Spanish city of Caravaca (from which its name comes). The custom of erecting such crosses and wearing these types of small crosses disappeared in the 20th century, and returned with the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic. The lexeme karawaka was recorded for the first time in Samuel Bogumił Linde’s Polish Language Dictionary, and in the Polish Language Dictionary edited by Witold Doroszewski it already had the status of historicism. This word and its synonyms (krzyż karawaka, krzyż choleryczny, krzyż epidemiczny, krzyż morowy, krzyż epidemiczny, krzyż choleryczny, krzyż karawaka) returned to Polish in 2020, and the lexical novelty during the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic is krzyż pandemiczny.The authors, referring to the article Words That Come Back by Bogdan Walczak from 1998, present the history of the word karawaka in Polish. It is the name of the cross with two horizontal beams protecting against various disasters, especially against epidemics. Originally, it was a reliquary from the 4th century AD with a piece of the Holy Cross Tree, brought in the 13th century during the Crusades from Jerusalem to the Spanish city of Caravaca (from which its name comes). The custom of erecting such crosses and wearing these types of small crosses disappeared in the 20th century, and returned with the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic. The lexeme karawaka was recorded for the first time in Samuel Bogumił Linde’s Polish Language Dictionary, and in the Polish Language Dictionary edited by Witold Doroszewski it already had the status of historicism. This word and its synonyms (krzyż karawaka, krzyż choleryczny, krzyż epidemiczny, krzyż morowy, krzyż epidemiczny, krzyż choleryczny, krzyż karawaka) returned to Polish in 2020, and the lexical novelty during the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic is krzyż pandemiczny
W poszukiwaniu źródeł intensyfikujących znaczeń wyrazów z gniazda morfologicznego grzmieć
Full text linkThe article presents the word family of the verb grzmieć (to thunder) from the beginning of the Polish language to the 20th century. The research material includes 90 derivatives that have been characterized in terms of word formation and meaning within three values: SOUND, FORCE, and INTENSITY. The synchronic linguistics method of word-formation adapted to historical material allowed for including in the analysis words such as pogrom, zgromić, gromot which lost their formal and semantic connection with the Proto-Slavic root they were based on. The analysis proved that the semantic value of the base and its morphological features influence the development of subsequent meanings of words belonging to the word family. The meaning of intensity especially seen in words such as ogromny, ogromnie, ogromniasty is a kind of exponent of the value inherent in their root and is present in many other words derived from the same Proto-Slavic root.The article presents the word family of the verb grzmieć (to thunder) from the beginning of the Polish language to the 20th century. The research material includes 90 derivatives that have been characterized in terms of word formation and meaning within three values: SOUND, FORCE, and INTENSITY. The synchronic linguistics method of word-formation adapted to historical material allowed for including in the analysis words such as pogrom, zgromić, gromot which lost their formal and semantic connection with the Proto-Slavic root they were based on. The analysis proved that the semantic value of the base and its morphological features influence the development of subsequent meanings of words belonging to the word family. The meaning of intensity especially seen in words such as ogromny, ogromnie, ogromniasty is a kind of exponent of the value inherent in their root and is present in many other words derived from the same Proto-Slavic root
Herstory. The Value of Diaries as Sources for the Study of Women’s Independence Discourse: The Category of Viewpoint
Full text linkThe general aim of this outline is to indicate the diverse merits of women’s personal document literature for the study of women’s independence discourse. The specific objective is to identify the various points of view (understood as a linguistic category) that emerge in the texts regarding war and to reconstruct the image of war that emerges from the narratives of the female authors. Consequently, it can be said that the value of women’s personal document literature for researching women’s independence discourse is determined not only by its different perspective (presumably distinct from the male or official perspective) but also by the internal diversity within this discourse, which is connected to the broadly understood ideology.The general aim of this outline is to indicate the diverse merits of women’s personal document literature for the study of women’s independence discourse. The specific objective is to identify the various points of view (understood as a linguistic category) that emerge in the texts regarding war and to reconstruct the image of war that emerges from the narratives of the female authors. Consequently, it can be said that the value of women’s personal document literature for researching women’s independence discourse is determined not only by its different perspective (presumably distinct from the male or official perspective) but also by the internal diversity within this discourse, which is connected to the broadly understood ideology