Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza
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The Scientific Discourse of Contemporary Humanities. Towards Postmodern De/Normalization (?)
Full text linkThis article addresses the latest stage of transformations in Polish scientific discourse, the origins of which are commonly traced back to the 16th century in relation to Polish culture. The paper provides a synthetic and report-like overview, offering several key insights regarding the examined area of communication: 1. Changes in the discourse in contemporary humanities, influenced by the intellectual aura of postmodernism, pertain to certain areas of scientific reflection. 2. Science reflects the transformations in cultural and social nature, thus scientific discourse absorbs the characteristics of the world it describes. 3. Revaluations within scientific discourse serve as a certain signal of its denormalisation, although this process does not encompass the entirety of scientific communication but rather signifies cracks and shifts that emerge in the proposed and normative understanding of discourse. 4. Transformations within scientific discourse should not be regarded as a crisis, but rather as manifestations of certain qualities and general tendencies in culture that may bring new and surprising effects in the future. 5. The transformations of scientific discourse are also influenced by the field in which it operates. The specific nature of humanities sciences, situated in a particular way in relation to other branches of knowledge, should be taken into account. 6. Despite changes in the scope of scientific discourse, many of its characteristics remain relevant. 7. Scientific discourse should not be regarded as monolithic; on the contrary, it is a complex, multidimensional quality dependent on various aspects. 8. The specificity of scientific discourse as one of the areas of communication becomes more graspable when examined from a certain distance. Therefore, a historical perspective on the issue proves fortunate for the proposed conclusions.This article addresses the latest stage of transformations in Polish scientific discourse, the origins of which are commonly traced back to the 16th century in relation to Polish culture. The paper provides a synthetic and report-like overview, offering several key insights regarding the examined area of communication: 1. Changes in the discourse in contemporary humanities, influenced by the intellectual aura of postmodernism, pertain to certain areas of scientific reflection. 2. Science reflects the transformations in cultural and social nature, thus scientific discourse absorbs the characteristics of the world it describes. 3. Revaluations within scientific discourse serve as a certain signal of its denormalisation, although this process does not encompass the entirety of scientific communication but rather signifies cracks and shifts that emerge in the proposed and normative understanding of discourse. 4. Transformations within scientific discourse should not be regarded as a crisis, but rather as manifestations of certain qualities and general tendencies in culture that may bring new and surprising effects in the future. 5. The transformations of scientific discourse are also influenced by the field in which it operates. The specific nature of humanities sciences, situated in a particular way in relation to other branches of knowledge, should be taken into account. 6. Despite changes in the scope of scientific discourse, many of its characteristics remain relevant. 7. Scientific discourse should not be regarded as monolithic; on the contrary, it is a complex, multidimensional quality dependent on various aspects. 8. The specificity of scientific discourse as one of the areas of communication becomes more graspable when examined from a certain distance. Therefore, a historical perspective on the issue proves fortunate for the proposed conclusions
New Phraseological Compounds with “Dywan” in Modern Polish Language
Full text linkThe subject of discussion in this article are new phraseological compounds with the component dywan, which have been in use since the 1990s in Polish texts. These compounds, not yet recorded in language dictionaries, have emerged under the influence of the English language. They refer to phrases related to the English combinations of roll out the red carpet (for someone) and pull from under someone // something or pull the rug from under someone’s feet. The article analyses the ways these expressions function in Polish texts, considering their formal structure, compatibility with minimal context, and meaning. The research shows that these new combinations, inspired by the English language, consist of three phrases: ktoś rozwinął, rozwija, rozłożył, rozkłada less commonly rozściela, rozścieli, rozpostarł, rozpościerał czerwony dywan, less commonly czerwone dywany dla kogoś, przed kimś – meaning ‘someone officially and attentively invites or receives important guests, usually from the worlds of politics, business, culture, etc.’; ktoś less commonly coś rozwinął(o), rozwija, rozłożył(o), rozkłada, less commonly rozściela, rozścieli(o), rozpostarł(o), rozpościerał(o) czerwony dywan, less commonly czerwone dywany dla kogoś, czegoś, przed kimś, przed czymś – meaning ‘someone, less commonly something, opens up to someone, something, invites someone, something to something, somewhere; someone, something facilitates something for someone, the acquisition of something, getting somewhere, especially through special treatment’; ktoś less commonly coś wyciąga, wyciągnął (-ęło), wyrywa, wyrwał(o) etc. dywan, dywanik, chodnik spod (nóg, stóp) komuś, kogoś, czego – meaning ‘someone, less commonly something, surprises, has surprised someone with something, disorients, has disoriented someone; weakens, has weakened someone, something, withdraws, has withdrawn support for someone, something, harms, has harmed someone, something’
Analizy semantyczne groźby jako aktu mowy. Ujęcie przeglądowo-krytyczne
Full text linkThe aim of the article is to present an overview of the semantic analyses of threat understood as a speech act that have been so far conducted in Polish linguistic studies. The overview includes three selected analyses. The first one is based on the idea of necessary and sufficient conditions proposed by Anna Wierzbicka. The second is Joanna Wołoszyn’s work based on a methodology developed in line with structural semantics and attempts to define the terms straszyć (to scare) and grozić (to threaten). The third one is an analysis by Roman Kalisz and Wojciech Kubiński based on prototypical effects in speech acts, meaning that it relies on the methodology of cognitive linguistics. The overview is complemented by a critical analysis focused on identifying the imperfections of all three ideas presented in it and by a presentation of possible and legitimate improvements.The aim of the article is to present an overview of the semantic analyses of threat understood as a speech act that have been so far conducted in Polish linguistic studies. The overview includes three selected analyses. The first one is based on the idea of necessary and sufficient conditions proposed by Anna Wierzbicka. The second is Joanna Wołoszyn’s work based on a methodology developed in line with structural semantics and attempts to define the terms straszyć (to scare) and grozić (to threaten). The third one is an analysis by Roman Kalisz and Wojciech Kubiński based on prototypical effects in speech acts, meaning that it relies on the methodology of cognitive linguistics. The overview is complemented by a critical analysis focused on identifying the imperfections of all three ideas presented in it and by a presentation of possible and legitimate improvements
Gorszyciel, deprawator, demoralizator – o nazwach osób nieprzestrzegających norm
Full text linkThe aim of the article is to make an attempt at answering the question: what kinds of attitudes and actions make someone described as gorszyciel [offender], deprawator [depraver] or demoralizator [demoraliser]. The research material was obtained from four electronic corpuses of contemporary Polish. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the contexts of the use of these nouns, preceded by a review of data from dictionaries, showed that despite their similarity, each of them is associated with specific issues more often than the others. However, all of them refer to breaking not only moral, but also legal and religious standards. Sentences with feminine forms of those nouns illustrate the asymmetry in the way women and men are described and are limited to violating moral rules.The aim of the article is to make an attempt at answering the question: what kinds of attitudes and actions make someone described as gorszyciel [offender], deprawator [depraver] or demoralizator [demoraliser]. The research material was obtained from four electronic corpuses of contemporary Polish. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the contexts of the use of these nouns, preceded by a review of data from dictionaries, showed that despite their similarity, each of them is associated with specific issues more often than the others. However, all of them refer to breaking not only moral, but also legal and religious standards. Sentences with feminine forms of those nouns illustrate the asymmetry in the way women and men are described and are limited to violating moral rules
Polish Anthropological Terminology in Słownik terminologii lekarskiej polskiej from 1881
Full text linkThe aim of the article is to preliminarily analyse the Polish anthropological terminology included in the most important 19th-century Kraków Słownik terminologii lekarskiej polskiej [Dictionary of Polish Medical Terminology] by S. Janikowski, J. Oettinger and A. Kremer, which was created during the period when anthropology was emerging as a new science. Anthropological terms had appeared in Kraków’s medical dictionaries before (over 40%), but it was in S 1881 that they were first distinguished from medical terminology and marked with the qualifier antr. The anthropological terminology for S 1881 was prepared by prominent anthropologists who were also physicians: I. Kopernicki and J. Majer. Out of 195 Polish terms, over 70% apply to craniology and craniometry, reflecting the main direction of the development in Polish anthropology. The Polish terms are definitely indigenous. More than 80% are one- (55.4%) and two-element terms (26.2%). Synonymy is present in the analysed terminology (40.4%), although there is a visible tendency to limit the number of Polish terms in synonymic series to two (73.7%)
Leksem patchwork we współczesnej polszczyźnie
Full text linkThe article is devoted to the semantic evolution of the word patchwork, which has become frequent in contemporary Polish. This appropriate borrowing from English was registered in Polish lexicography for the first time in 1995. In the twenty years since then, it showed its new meanings different from the original ‘artistic handicraft technique, consisting in stitching together pieces of material of different colours and shapes’, ‘composition resulting from the use of this technique’ and ‘product formed in this manner, for example bedspread, tapestry, clothes’. Nowadays, this lexeme can refer to any term referring to a particular or abstract designatum which ‘creates a coherent whole, but consists of various elements’ and also – as a derivatives of phraseology the patchwork family – means ‘a family founded by parents, at least one of whom has had a previous unsuccessful relationship or marriage involving their common children, their children from previous relationships, and sometimes also former partners and their relatives’.The article is devoted to the semantic evolution of the word patchwork, which has become frequent in contemporary Polish. This appropriate borrowing from English was registered in Polish lexicography for the first time in 1995. In the twenty years since then, it showed its new meanings different from the original ‘artistic handicraft technique, consisting in stitching together pieces of material of different colours and shapes’, ‘composition resulting from the use of this technique’ and ‘product formed in this manner, for example bedspread, tapestry, clothes’. Nowadays, this lexeme can refer to any term referring to a particular or abstract designatum which ‘creates a coherent whole, but consists of various elements’ and also – as a derivatives of phraseology the patchwork family – means ‘a family founded by parents, at least one of whom has had a previous unsuccessful relationship or marriage involving their common children, their children from previous relationships, and sometimes also former partners and their relatives’
Modyfikacje znaczenia i walencji związków frazeologicznych jako mechanizm frazeotwórczy
Full text linkThe article deals with the semantic and valence modifications of three phraseological units: leżeć i kwiczeć, mieć na pieńku and grać pierwsze skrzypce. Initially, these units were connected with personal nouns only and appeared in the multi-word lexical units ktoś leży i kwiczy (‘someone is in a predicament, has no choice’), ktoś ma z kimś na pieńku (‘someone wants to complain about something to somebody, someone bears a grudge against someone) and ktoś gra pierwsze skrzypce (‘someone controls, leads or makes decisions’). Eventually, new phrasemes appeared due to the enrichment ofmeaning of the units and modification of their semantic and selective valency: coś leży i kwiczy (‘something does not work, neither develops nor evolves, does not meet requirements or expectations’), ktoś ma z czymś na pieńku (‘someone does not follow the rules, does not act accordingly or acceptably’) and coś gra pierwsze skrzypce (‘something is most important or dominating, something is in a controlling position’). The research proved that the process of the appearance of these lexical units was facilitated by the language users’ tendency to forget the motivation of the units and the evo-lution of their semantics towards the content which would enable connectivity with impersonal nouns.The article deals with the semantic and valence modifications of three phraseological units: leżeć i kwiczeć, mieć na pieńku and grać pierwsze skrzypce. Initially, these units were connected with personal nouns only and appeared in the multi-word lexical units ktoś leży i kwiczy (‘someone is in a predicament, has no choice’), ktoś ma z kimś na pieńku (‘someone wants to complain about something to somebody, someone bears a grudge against someone) and ktoś gra pierwsze skrzypce (‘someone controls, leads or makes decisions’). Eventually, new phrasemes appeared due to the enrichment ofmeaning of the units and modification of their semantic and selective valency: coś leży i kwiczy (‘something does not work, neither develops nor evolves, does not meet requirements or expectations’), ktoś ma z czymś na pieńku (‘someone does not follow the rules, does not act accordingly or acceptably’) and coś gra pierwsze skrzypce (‘something is most important or dominating, something is in a controlling position’). The research proved that the process of the appearance of these lexical units was facilitated by the language users’ tendency to forget the motivation of the units and the evo-lution of their semantics towards the content which would enable connectivity with impersonal nouns
Sprawozdanie z jubileuszu Profesor Alicji Pihan-Kijasowej
Full text linkSprawozdanie z jubileuszu Profesor Alicji Pihan-Kijasowe
Jak zwracamy się do osób nieznajomych? Granica między swoim a obcym we współczesnej polszczyźnie
Full text linkThe subject of this article is the manner of addressing strangers in Polish. In order to verify the current use of the language in this regard, two research methods were used: a survey method and an analysis of comments on a website aimed at the business community. As the respondents of the survey indicated, the contemporary Polish language speakers recognise the importance of the traditional border of officiality when choosing the appropriate forms of address. However, a problem in communication arises when the conceptual opposition of the official / unofficial intersects with the opposition of ours / others. This problem is sometimes observed in a business conversation, in which a recruiter addresses a job candidate using Polish ty form from the first contact and treats them as a person on the “our” side. The analysis of the comments from the internet showed that the relationship between the recruiter and the candidate basically remains between strangers and it is better to avoid the use of unofficial forms, especially those which use the addressee\u27s first name.The subject of this article is the manner of addressing strangers in Polish. In order to verify the current use of the language in this regard, two research methods were used: a survey method and an analysis of comments on a website aimed at the business community. As the respondents of the survey indicated, the contemporary Polish language speakers recognise the importance of the traditional border of officiality when choosing the appropriate forms of address. However, a problem in communication arises when the conceptual opposition of the official / unofficial intersects with the opposition of ours / others. This problem is sometimes observed in a business conversation, in which a recruiter addresses a job candidate using Polish ty form from the first contact and treats them as a person on the “our” side. The analysis of the comments from the internet showed that the relationship between the recruiter and the candidate basically remains between strangers and it is better to avoid the use of unofficial forms, especially those which use the addressee\u27s first name
O języku kazań cieszyńskich
Full text linkArtykuł recenzyjny.
Praca powstała na podstawie publikacji: Jana Raclavská, Urszula Kolber, Józef Szymeczek, Kazania cieszyńskie. O ich języku w kościele luterańskim, Kongres Polaków w Republice Czeskiej, Czeski Cieszyn 2022, ss. 311