Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza
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Dzieje pojęcia a historia gniazda słowotwórczego – preliminaria (na przykładzie pojęcia DEMOKRACJA)
No full textThe article explores how the concept of democracy has evolved throughout the history of the Polish language. The linguistic material is drawn from both dictionaries and language corpora. The author employs a combination of two approaches: one based on word formation – specifically, the wordformation nest method – and the other rooted in historical semantics. This methodological combination has proven effective, revealing a connection between the development of the word-formation nest and the evolution of the concept of democracy. Moreover, it enabled the author to identify a relationship between the degree of stabilization of loanwords and the size of their respective word-formation nests. The study of the Polish concept of democracy allowed the author to answer the detailed research question posed in the article. The conclusions are as follows: a) the centre of the word-formation nest overlaps with the centre of the semantic field; b) the structure of the word-formation nest reflects the variability of the concept; c) the history of the main (top) word in the word-formation nest influences the axiology of the concept; d) the growth of the word-formation nest correlates with the stabilization of the loanword.The article explores how the concept of democracy has evolved throughout the history of the Polish language. The linguistic material is drawn from both dictionaries and language corpora. The author employs a combination of two approaches: one based on word formation – specifically, the wordformation nest method – and the other rooted in historical semantics. This methodological combination has proven effective, revealing a connection between the development of the word-formation nest and the evolution of the concept of democracy. Moreover, it enabled the author to identify a relationship between the degree of stabilization of loanwords and the size of their respective word-formation nests. The study of the Polish concept of democracy allowed the author to answer the detailed research question posed in the article. The conclusions are as follows: a) the centre of the word-formation nest overlaps with the centre of the semantic field; b) the structure of the word-formation nest reflects the variability of the concept; c) the history of the main (top) word in the word-formation nest influences the axiology of the concept; d) the growth of the word-formation nest correlates with the stabilization of the loanword
Wyrażenie persona grata ‛osoba mile widziana, pożądana’ w językach słowiańskich na tle wyrażenia persona non grata ‛osoba niemile widziana, niepożądana’
No full textThe expressions persona grata and persona non grata (the latter evidenced mainly in its diplomatic meaning) are undoubtedly current in all Slavic languages, although for some of them they are not found in lexicographic sources used in the article. In the majority of Slavic languages, the expression persona non grata seems to occur more often than persona grata, a fact that can be gleaned from national corpora of Slavic language which the author managed to access for the purposes of this article. The fact that in the Russian language corpus the expression persona non grata only slightly prevails over persona grata, while in the Upper Sorbian language corpus there are more examples of persona grata than persona non grata, is particularly noteworthy
Interakcjonistyczna interpretacja dyskursu klinicznego pomiędzy dwujęzycznym logopedą a dwujęzycznym dzieckiem
No full textThe subject of the article is the analysis of free unplanned conversations (9 records) between a bilingual speech therapist and bilingual children living in the area in Chicago. The author interprets these conversations as a manifestation of clinical discourse. The methodological framework of the study is the theory of symbolic interactionism. In its perspective, the so-called negotiation of meanings in conversations between a child and a speech therapist was interpreted, also by means of the conversational analysis research method. It was used to identify microstrategies occurring in the dialogues of an adult and a child. The study showed that the subject of negotiation of meanings in the clinical discourse between a bilingual speech therapist and a child is code-switching between Polish and English. The proposed work fits into the interactionist trend of speech therapy research in relation to the bilingualism of the speech therapist and the Polish child, which fills the gap in research on Polish speech therapy. The conclusions may be useful not only for speech therapists-theoreticians, but also practitioners interested in communication with a bilingual child.The subject of the article is the analysis of free unplanned conversations (9 records) between a bilingual speech therapist and bilingual children living in the area in Chicago. The author interprets these conversations as a manifestation of clinical discourse. The methodological framework of the study is the theory of symbolic interactionism. In its perspective, the so-called negotiation of meanings in conversations between a child and a speech therapist was interpreted, also by means of the conversational analysis research method. It was used to identify microstrategies occurring in the dialogues of an adult and a child. The study showed that the subject of negotiation of meanings in the clinical discourse between a bilingual speech therapist and a child is code-switching between Polish and English. The proposed work fits into the interactionist trend of speech therapy research in relation to the bilingualism of the speech therapist and the Polish child, which fills the gap in research on Polish speech therapy. The conclusions may be useful not only for speech therapists-theoreticians, but also practitioners interested in communication with a bilingual child
Wariantywność nazwisk ewangelików w Zagórowie i okolicy na podstawie ksiąg chrztu z lat 1843–1856. Zmiany w zakresie spółgłosek
No full textThe aim of the article is to analyze surnames in terms of their variants in order to determine whether the onymic system was stabilized in this respect and what its nature was. The analyzed material comes from the civil registry records of Zagórów (Słupca district) from the years 1843–1856. Their author was Father Karol Orive. The variants of surnames are primarily determined by the mutual influence of the Polish and German languages. The text examines graphic and phonetic variants. The examined onymic system was based mainly on the principles of the German language with an admixture of Polish; however, it was not fully stable, which is reflected in the existence of variants and rare types. In line with German orthography, [č] was written as tsch, [š] as sch, while such changes as replacing th with t, removing double letters and making sonority and voicelessness visible were influenced by Polish. The instability of the system resulting from the competition between the two languages in question can be seen in the use of the letter z to denote [c] or [z] and the trouble with the notation [ś]
Polszczyzna cieszyńska XIX wieku w kazaniach Józefa Schimki
No full textProtestant sermons in Cieszyn Silesia constitute a rich source for the study of the language used in this area in the religious sphere. It is a regional variety of Polish, containing archaisms, dialectisms or words taken from Czech, which were most often given the sound form of the folk dialect of the time. The article presents an analysis of two texts written in the first half of the 19th century by Józef Franciszek Schimko, a pastor in Nawsie/Návsí (today’s Czech Rep.). Franciszek Schimko, son of Cieszyn pastor Samuel Schimko, left behind a rich legacy of sermons in Polish. The Museum of Protestantism in Cieszyn houses his manuscripts of Sunday and funeral sermons. The sermons written in Polish demonstrate a relatively high level of mastery of the Polish language of the time, especially in terms of inflection and word formation. However, his texts contain many elements typical of the language of the Cieszyn population, strongly associated with their everyday speech. The influence of the Czech language is also evident, especially in the area of vocabulary
Regionalizmy poznańskie w Wielkim słowniku języka polskiego PAN pod redakcją Piotra Żmigrodzkiego (na tle praktyki rejestrowania wielkopolanizmów w słownikach ogólnych języka polskiego)
No full textThe aim of the presented text is to show the functioning of the Poznań regionalisms in Wielki Słownik Języka Polskiego PAN (Polish Academy of Sciences’s Great Polish Dictionary) edited by Piotr Żmigrodzki against the background of the practice of registering the regionalisms of Greater Poland in general Polish language dictionaries, from the dictionaries of the New Poland to the dictionaries from the beginning of the 21st century. The comparison of 20 Poznań regionalisms listed in WSJP PAN with their attestations in earlier works proves conclusively that regional Polish is still a living variety of the language. The dictionary edited by Żmigrodzki qualifies in this way, to a large extent, the new units, not included at all in the earlier works or noted in them without any information on their geographical character. This practice applies to 14 entries, i.e. 70% of the selected Greater Poland regionalisms. On the other hand, only 6 words continue their regional characterisation from earlier works, although they were noticed in them very inconsistently. Moreover, an analysis of the lexicographic metrics of the Greater Poland regionalisms proves the changes in their meanings – the disappearance of old meanings, now often obsolete, and the appearance of new ones.The aim of the presented text is to show the functioning of the Poznań regionalisms in Wielki Słownik Języka Polskiego PAN (Polish Academy of Sciences’s Great Polish Dictionary) edited by Piotr Żmigrodzki against the background of the practice of registering the regionalisms of Greater Poland in general Polish language dictionaries, from the dictionaries of the New Poland to the dictionaries from the beginning of the 21st century. The comparison of 20 Poznań regionalisms listed in WSJP PAN with their attestations in earlier works proves conclusively that regional Polish is still a living variety of the language. The dictionary edited by Żmigrodzki qualifies in this way, to a large extent, the new units, not included at all in the earlier works or noted in them without any information on their geographical character. This practice applies to 14 entries, i.e. 70% of the selected Greater Poland regionalisms. On the other hand, only 6 words continue their regional characterisation from earlier works, although they were noticed in them very inconsistently. Moreover, an analysis of the lexicographic metrics of the Greater Poland regionalisms proves the changes in their meanings – the disappearance of old meanings, now often obsolete, and the appearance of new ones
Ukłony… w Tanachu
No full textThe article is an analysis of the gesture of bowing in the Old Testament. A bow as a sign of homage and respect paid to God and to people of power and authority is also an axis of a multilayer communication act whose description often contains information about locution and the force of illocution. In contrast to the formalization which bows underwent in the liturgy of the Roman Catholic Church after Vaticanum Secundum, (v. Addendum), the gesture became banal in modern everyday life, but the word denoting it has gained a new reified meaning in the Polish language.The article is an analysis of the gesture of bowing in the Old Testament. A bow as a sign of homage and respect paid to God and to people of power and authority is also an axis of a multilayer communication act whose description often contains information about locution and the force of illocution. In contrast to the formalization which bows underwent in the liturgy of the Roman Catholic Church after Vaticanum Secundum, (v. Addendum), the gesture became banal in modern everyday life, but the word denoting it has gained a new reified meaning in the Polish language
Captatio benevolentiae. Strategie zdobywania przychylności odbiorców w retoryce Wołodymyra Zełenskiego
No full textThe article contains a rhetorical analysis of the strategy of gaining the audience’s favour (Latin: captatio benevolentiae) in the speeches of Volodymyr Zelenskyy. The research material consists of 29 speeches the President of Ukraine delivered on the international stage during the first hundred days of the full-scale Russian–Ukrainian war. Using the tools of classical rhetoric, four methods of gaining the favour of the audience were identified: 1) referring to the speaker (creating the authority of the leader, praising Ukrainians); 2) referring to the enemy (arousing hostility towards Russians); 3) referring to the audience (complimenting, identifying and building a community) and 4) referring to the subject of the speech (defending universal values). The analysis shows that specific techniques of gaining the audience’s goodwill, originating from ancient rhetorical theory, are still used in political speeches.The article contains a rhetorical analysis of the strategy of gaining the audience’s favour (Latin: captatio benevolentiae) in the speeches of Volodymyr Zelenskyy. The research material consists of 29 speeches the President of Ukraine delivered on the international stage during the first hundred days of the full-scale Russian–Ukrainian war. Using the tools of classical rhetoric, four methods of gaining the favour of the audience were identified: 1) referring to the speaker (creating the authority of the leader, praising Ukrainians); 2) referring to the enemy (arousing hostility towards Russians); 3) referring to the audience (complimenting, identifying and building a community) and 4) referring to the subject of the speech (defending universal values). The analysis shows that specific techniques of gaining the audience’s goodwill, originating from ancient rhetorical theory, are still used in political speeches
Ingerencje Františka Ladislava Čelakovskiego w grafię fragmentów Psałterza floriańskiego
No full textThe author analyzes the graphics of the Florian Psalter used by the Czech Slavist František Ladislav Čelakovský, indicating the changes he made. The inclusion of this Polish language monument in the Czech edition of the Slavic chrestomathy section devoted to the Polish language was dictated by a practical purpose. The founding of the Department of Slavic Philology at the then University of Wrocław by F.L. Čelakovský forced the newly appointed professor to prepare teaching materials not only for teaching Polish, but also for teaching historical grammar of the Polish language. The popularity at that time of the newly discovered Polish Psalter and the imprecision of statements about the language of the Puławy Psalter forced Čelakovský to base his teaching process on the Florian Psalter. At the same time, taking into account the structure of students of Slavic studies in Wrocław, he was forced to take into account the specificity of the glottodidactic process
Antroponimy w listach prywatnych Henryka Sienkiewicza na przykładzie nazw osobowych członków rodziny pisarza
No full textThe article contains a formal, functional and structural analysis of unofficial anthroponyms (names, nicknames) used by Sienkiewicz to refer to members of his family. The material, consisting of over 150 units, was collected by linear excerption from the entire preserved private correspondence of the writer, consisting of over 1,400 letters, which occupy approximately 3,000 pages of text in the Listy Sienkiewicza (Sienkiewicz’s letters) collection edited by Maria Bokszczanin. The correspondence was addressed to seven members of the writer’s closest family, i.e. three successive wives, two children, a sister-in-law and his younger sister. The repertoire of collected anthroponyms includes unofficial personal names, such as: Mańcia, Marylka, Maryluś, Marynia, Nadmarynia; Dzideczek, Dzidek, Dzidka, Dziduś, Dzidzio, Dzidziu, Dzidziuś and nicknames, e.g.: Frog, Kociątko, Kot, Kotek, Kurczątko, Przyjaciel, Sally, Salomon, Siostrzyczka, Sowietnik, Szarotka, Ziaba, Żaba, Żabeusz, Żabka, Żabu. Pani Żabińska. Particular attention was paid to word-forming phenomena, especially the formants by means of which Sienkiewicz transformed the official metrical form of a name into an unusual, original and emotionally charged proper name denoting a close person. The study also takes into account the relationship of name-forming acts with the writer’s extralinguistic family reality