Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza
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Słownictwo medyczne w „Dzienniku Urzędowym Królewskiej Regencyi w Poznaniu” (pierwsza połowa XIX wieku)
No full textIn the preparation of this article, I resorted to the 19th-century official press, namely, to “Dziennik Urzędowy Królewskiej Regencyi w Poznaniu” (Official Journal of the Royal Regency in Poznań). In the article, I concentrate on medical vocabulary recorded in this source. I understand the term medical vocabulary comprehensively. It comprises the names of: diseases and their symptoms, means of treating them, names of medicines, medical procedures, institutions providing healthcare and distributing medical supplies, names of patients and persons involved in treatment and healthcare. The vocabulary of the semantic-lexical field recorded in the Journal interpreted this way is varied as regards its origin, construction and social provenance. It contains borrowed names, predominantly from Latin and Greek, possessing the status of medical terms, less often from French; it also includes vernacular vocabulary belonging to the general literary or/and professional-medical language as well as some colloquial items. Some of the excerpted medical terms are one-word designations, but a significant part of them are two- or multi-word names. The medical terminology recorded attests to the lexical resource which was commonly known and understood at the time since the magazine was intended for a wide audience and was supposed to inform in a communicative way about current problems, including health-related ones.In the preparation of this article, I resorted to the 19th-century official press, namely, to “Dziennik Urzędowy Królewskiej Regencyi w Poznaniu” (Official Journal of the Royal Regency in Poznań). In the article, I concentrate on medical vocabulary recorded in this source. I understand the term medical vocabulary comprehensively. It comprises the names of: diseases and their symptoms, means of treating them, names of medicines, medical procedures, institutions providing healthcare and distributing medical supplies, names of patients and persons involved in treatment and healthcare. The vocabulary of the semantic-lexical field recorded in the Journal interpreted this way is varied as regards its origin, construction and social provenance. It contains borrowed names, predominantly from Latin and Greek, possessing the status of medical terms, less often from French; it also includes vernacular vocabulary belonging to the general literary or/and professional-medical language as well as some colloquial items. Some of the excerpted medical terms are one-word designations, but a significant part of them are two- or multi-word names. The medical terminology recorded attests to the lexical resource which was commonly known and understood at the time since the magazine was intended for a wide audience and was supposed to inform in a communicative way about current problems, including health-related ones
Językowo-kulturowy obraz wdowieństwa w polszczyźnie ogólnej
No full textThe stereotype of widowhood was shaped centuries ago, initially and primarily concerning widows, with widowers being included much later. Its reflection can be found in lexicon, phraseology and paremiography. It has been popularized in literature and artistically reproduced: the widow is generally discredited, while the widower is often valorized, regardless of his financial status, age or family relationships. Despite civilizational progress and the widely-promoted equality ideologies, we would not, in the first instance, entrust our financial assets to them (widows and widowers); they remain somewhat reserved. Widows are often seen taking care of the home and children. Both widows and widowers are deemed suitable for undertaking the demanding and difficult care for the chronically ill. In the functioning phraseology and proverbs related to widowhood, we find one unequivocally positive expression, wdowi grosz (“widow’s mite”), of biblical origin. The analysis of the linguistic image of widowhood found in proverbs, idioms and phrases was conducted primarily using material from the four-volume Nowa księga przysłów i wyrażeń przysłowiowych polskich (New book of Polish proverbs and proverbial expressions), published between 1969 and 1978, edited by Julian Krzyżanowski, and from the two-volume Słownik frazeologiczny języka polskiego (Phraseological dictionary of the Polish language) by Stanisław Skorupka from 1974. Additional studies and Polish language dictionaries were also used as supplementary sources. Both the portrayal of widowhood in classic literature and the results of a survey confirmed the persistence of its stereotype
Polish and Norwegian Advertising Texts – Linguistic Analysis
No full textThe following research incorporated newspaper advertisements of the most popular grocery stores in Norway and Poland in the category of small chain stores and medium-sized stores. Focusing the study on the verbal message allowed for an in-depth analysis of linguistic aspects, as presented in detail in this article. The linguistic material was collected at the same time in both countries (from September 20 to December 31, 2021). The research methodology of the collected material included analysis of the linguistic structures and content of the advertising message, allowing for understanding the mechanisms of consumption and anticipated purchasing reactions. In addition, I observed trends in consumer preferences. Conclusions: basically, advertisements in newspapers for Norwegian and Polish customers are not radically different from each other. All judgements about the world as a global village from the point of view of the conducted analyses are justified. The circle of values for both contemporary societies is similarly exposed, and although the accents are distributed differently, it does not change the overall picture of the situation. The differences that appeared in the analyzed material come down to differently-placed accents on value.The following research incorporated newspaper advertisements of the most popular grocery stores in Norway and Poland in the category of small chain stores and medium-sized stores. Focusing the study on the verbal message allowed for an in-depth analysis of linguistic aspects, as presented in detail in this article. The linguistic material was collected at the same time in both countries (from September 20 to December 31, 2021). The research methodology of the collected material included analysis of the linguistic structures and content of the advertising message, allowing for understanding the mechanisms of consumption and anticipated purchasing reactions. In addition, I observed trends in consumer preferences. Conclusions: basically, advertisements in newspapers for Norwegian and Polish customers are not radically different from each other. All judgements about the world as a global village from the point of view of the conducted analyses are justified. The circle of values for both contemporary societies is similarly exposed, and although the accents are distributed differently, it does not change the overall picture of the situation. The differences that appeared in the analyzed material come down to differently-placed accents on value
Bogdan Walczak jako znawca twórczości Henryka Sienkiewicza
No full textThis paper contains an overview of all the works about Sienkiewicz’s output written by Professor Bogdan Walczak. It includes the critical review of the scientific achievements of the Poznań-based researcher, which revealed the features of both the researcher’s scientific workshop and the work of the Polish Nobel Prize winner. Walczak’s scientific interests concerned mainly the linguistic and stylistic development of Sienkiewicz’s most important novels. Thanks to the researcher’s works, knowledge about the Trilogy, On the Field of Glory and Quo Vadis has been expanded and updated. The Professor is among the narrow group of the most outstanding experts on the Polish Nobel Prize winner’s work and is an undisputed authority in this field.This paper contains an overview of all the works about Sienkiewicz’s output written by Professor Bogdan Walczak. It includes the critical review of the scientific achievements of the Poznań-based researcher, which revealed the features of both the researcher’s scientific workshop and the work of the Polish Nobel Prize winner. Walczak’s scientific interests concerned mainly the linguistic and stylistic development of Sienkiewicz’s most important novels. Thanks to the researcher’s works, knowledge about the Trilogy, On the Field of Glory and Quo Vadis has been expanded and updated. The Professor is among the narrow group of the most outstanding experts on the Polish Nobel Prize winner’s work and is an undisputed authority in this field
Imiona nadawane dzieciom pozostawionym w Szpitalu Dzieciątka Jezus w Warszawie w 1870 roku – spojrzenie socjoonomastyczne
No full textThe article examines the names of 917 abandoned children at the Infant Jesus Hospital in Warsaw in 1870. A total of 123 female and 131 male names were analyzed for frequency, origin and motivation. The study tests J.S. Bystroń’s hypothesis that illegitimate children – who dominated in the orphanage – were given stigmatizing names. However, a comparison with names given to all children in Warsaw in 1870–1871 shows that this hypothesis lacks support. The naming patterns of abandoned children do not differ significantly from general naming trends. Minor differences are linked to the specific context of naming in the shelter. Some naming motivations were identified (e.g. the popularity of Anna), while others remain unclear (e.g. Onufry, given six times, yet absent elsewhere that year). The study also shows an effort to preserve ties to the mothers’ names when available. Notably, calendar-based naming played only a small role. Since the naming of abandoned children has received little attention in onomastic research, these archival records provide valuable insights and open new directions for study
„Język śląski” – czyli o mieszaniu porządków
No full textThis article provides an overview of the complex situation surrounding ongoing efforts to legalise Silesian as a regional language. The debate on this issue is multifaceted, involving an interplay of scientific, political and social dimensions. This mixing of orders leads to a deconstruction of traditional concepts such as language and dialect. Two primary positions emerge in the academic discussion. The traditional view, grounded in linguistic arguments, classifies Silesian as a dialect of the Polish language. In contrast, the opposing view, based on socio-political considerations, asserts that the former Silesian dialect has evolved into a language distinct from Polish. The most accurate perspective for describing the current situation seems to be an intermediate one. According to this view, Silesian, due to its rich body of literature and presence in the public sphere, has transcended the boundaries of a dialect. It now meets the criteria of a regiolect, which will continue to undergo codification and normative development – though this will be a long-term process
Z badań nad pochodzeniem i motywacją zwrotu wieszać psy na kimś, na czymś
No full textThe phrase wieszać psy ‘to bad-mouth someone’ is found in four languages: Polish, Ukrainian, Belarussian and Russian. Its first actualizations in the Polish language appear in the works of writers connected to the Polish Eastern Borderlands and are characterized by syntactic variability. Moreover, both in Polish and in local East Slavic dialects the words pies, Ukrainian and Russian собакa and Belorussian сабакa mean ‘the flower of burdock’. One has to conclude that the phrase is a dialecticism developed at the Polish-Belarussian-Ukrainian borderlands and popularized in general language by authors attached to these areas.The phrase wieszać psy ‘to bad-mouth someone’ is found in four languages: Polish, Ukrainian, Belarussian and Russian. Its first actualizations in the Polish language appear in the works of writers connected to the Polish Eastern Borderlands and are characterized by syntactic variability. Moreover, both in Polish and in local East Slavic dialects the words pies, Ukrainian and Russian собакa and Belorussian сабакa mean ‘the flower of burdock’. One has to conclude that the phrase is a dialecticism developed at the Polish-Belarussian-Ukrainian borderlands and popularized in general language by authors attached to these areas
„Widoki” i „opisy” w Obrazach z życia i natury Wincentego Pola
No full textThe Author discusses two ways of presenting broadly understood nature in Wincenty Pol’s (1807–1872) prose. Pol created views and descriptions. Views are subjective depictions of nature perceived through the senses of sight, smell and hearing. Pol used lexical and semantic figures of poetic expression to portray nature in views. Less known objects of nature were presented in descriptions, e.g. rivers, mountains and forests, which Pol would visit during his academic travels. Descriptions were objective and realistic. Pol resorted to academic terminology from geography, geology, biology and ethnography
Kronika polska, litewska, żmudzka i wszystkiéj Rusi (1582) Macieja Stryjkowskiego w perspektywie językoznawczej – stan i perspektywy badań (na przykładzie nazw żeńskich)
No full textThis article discusses the state of research on the 16th-century chronicle Kronika polska, litewska, żmudzka i wszystkiéj Rusi (Chronicle of Poland, Lithuania, Samogitia and all of Ruthenia) by Maciej Stryjkowski, first published in 1582. Linguistic research to date (earlier studies by Zenon Klemensiewicz, Maria Karpluk, Karol and Zofia Zierhoffer and more recent studies – Olga Gaiseniuk’s doctoral thesis) has focused primarily on the phonetic, grammatical, lexical and onymic layer of the text, and to a lesser extent on the problem of the influence of other languages (Latin and Ruthenian languages) on the Polish language of the text. Using feminine names as an example, it is shown that the lexical material of the text can contribute to research in cultural linguistics. The role of women in ancient societies, although important and recognised by modern researchers, is not always sufficiently visible. This may be due to the range of themes and topics taken up in a given text, as is the case with Stryjkowski’s chronicle dominated by war issues, traditionally reserved mainly for men. In conclusion, the most important linguistic research perspectives on the text in question are indicated: pragmatic and discursive conditions as well as cross-cultural contexts related to social and moral transformations.This article discusses the state of research on the 16th-century chronicle Kronika polska, litewska, żmudzka i wszystkiéj Rusi (Chronicle of Poland, Lithuania, Samogitia and all of Ruthenia) by Maciej Stryjkowski, first published in 1582. Linguistic research to date (earlier studies by Zenon Klemensiewicz, Maria Karpluk, Karol and Zofia Zierhoffer and more recent studies – Olga Gaiseniuk’s doctoral thesis) has focused primarily on the phonetic, grammatical, lexical and onymic layer of the text, and to a lesser extent on the problem of the influence of other languages (Latin and Ruthenian languages) on the Polish language of the text. Using feminine names as an example, it is shown that the lexical material of the text can contribute to research in cultural linguistics. The role of women in ancient societies, although important and recognised by modern researchers, is not always sufficiently visible. This may be due to the range of themes and topics taken up in a given text, as is the case with Stryjkowski’s chronicle dominated by war issues, traditionally reserved mainly for men. In conclusion, the most important linguistic research perspectives on the text in question are indicated: pragmatic and discursive conditions as well as cross-cultural contexts related to social and moral transformations
Nazwiska równe apelatywom na pograniczu polsko-ukraińskim – wybrane problemy
No full textThe study presents selected appellative surnames taken from the List of the Alumni of the Wisznice High School in Southern Podlasie. The adopted criterion for selection was the rule that an appellative from which a surname was formed has to indicate – through its linguistic form or semantics – that it is a Ukrainism/Ruthenism. The analysis of the anthroponymic and lexicological material applies the method of comparative grammar, enriched with the dialectological method and complemented with the method of linguistic geography, with the analyzed surnames (Gładun/Gładuń, Haliburda, Hałaburda, Hładun, Hołod, Hołownia) juxtaposed with their corresponding anthroponyms in Poland and in Ukraine. The conclusions drawn from the analysis indicate that the surnames taken into consideration are anthroponyms typical of the Polish-Ukrainian/East Slavic borderland. One of the features of the linguistic borderland is the semantic variantivity of lexemes transferred onto the level of proper names. Another conclusion is that the surnames isolated during the analysis were formed from lexemes that have the status of peripheral archaisms