Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza
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Crisis from Afar. Media Conceptualisations of Events in Brazil after the 2022 Presidential Election
Full text linkThe proximity (localness) of the reported events is closely correlated with their relevance to the audience of media reports—and so the fact that it may be “our business”, that the thing may also affect us, becomes crucial to the decision to deal with the topic in question, but also to the way in which it is dealt with. In this article, we are interested in media conceptualisations of a crisis that is far away, that is “alien”, “foreign”, and thus cannot be narrated through reference to social and receptive experience. We look at the ways in which the exoticisation of distant places and events can be reduced, and thus at strategies for convincing the Polish audience that these are issues that are relevant and worthy of attention. We will look at whether the divisive, deeply political fractures in media narratives also apply to the storytelling about events on the other hemisphere, and whether the ideological filters common in Polish media are also imposed on what is unknown.The proximity (localness) of the reported events is closely correlated with their relevance to the audience of media reports—and so the fact that it may be “our business”, that the thing may also affect us, becomes crucial to the decision to deal with the topic in question, but also to the way in which it is dealt with. In this article, we are interested in media conceptualisations of a crisis that is far away, that is “alien”, “foreign”, and thus cannot be narrated through reference to social and receptive experience. We look at the ways in which the exoticisation of distant places and events can be reduced, and thus at strategies for convincing the Polish audience that these are issues that are relevant and worthy of attention. We will look at whether the divisive, deeply political fractures in media narratives also apply to the storytelling about events on the other hemisphere, and whether the ideological filters common in Polish media are also imposed on what is unknown
Media Image of Mothers and Motherhood on the Online Parenting Website mama:Du
Full text linkThe media play a significant role in promoting a new model of motherhood, observed in social life in Poland. The aim of this article is to reconstruct the media’s portrayal of motherhood and maternity. The research material comprises titles and leads of press articles published on the online website mama:Du. The methodological foundation is drawn from the premises of cultural linguistics and the processes of concept profiling. The research material distinguishes profiles such as a suffering and exhausted mother, a single mother, an independent mother, a (non)working mother, and a mother as a woman. Analysis indicates that despite changes in the social perception of a woman’s role, the website presents a unidimensional image of motherhood, reducing women to the mother-child dyad. This image aligns with the stereotype of the mother as a caregiver. However, there are sparse signals of overturning these prevalent stereotypes in texts showcasing mothers who call for alteration of established norms. Nevertheless, the feminine aspect of a mother, as a woman who takes care of herself and has her own interests beyond caregiving duties, remains invisible. Thus, the medium reflects a realistic, consistent with Polish realities portrayal of motherhood and maternity, gradual striving towards its transformation.The media play a significant role in promoting a new model of motherhood, observed in social life in Poland. The aim of this article is to reconstruct the media’s portrayal of motherhood and maternity. The research material comprises titles and leads of press articles published on the online website mama:Du. The methodological foundation is drawn from the premises of cultural linguistics and the processes of concept profiling. The research material distinguishes profiles such as a suffering and exhausted mother, a single mother, an independent mother, a (non)working mother, and a mother as a woman. Analysis indicates that despite changes in the social perception of a woman’s role, the website presents a unidimensional image of motherhood, reducing women to the mother-child dyad. This image aligns with the stereotype of the mother as a caregiver. However, there are sparse signals of overturning these prevalent stereotypes in texts showcasing mothers who call for alteration of established norms. Nevertheless, the feminine aspect of a mother, as a woman who takes care of herself and has her own interests beyond caregiving duties, remains invisible. Thus, the medium reflects a realistic, consistent with Polish realities portrayal of motherhood and maternity, gradual striving towards its transformation
Nazywanie i poznawanie pewnej części krajobrazu – pojęcie łąka i jego wykładniki leksykalne w świetle dawnych oraz współczesnych słowników i źródeł encyklopedycznych
Full text linkThe work presented here focuses on the meaning of the word and term łąka (meadow) in the Polish language, with its examination based on contemporary and historical lexical and encyclopaedic sources. An analysis of this lexeme has been broadened by the study of related words, e.g.: pastwisko (pasture), łęg (demonstrating two meanings in Polish: a marshy meadow and a riparian forest), hala (a mountain glade in the sense of alpage), and polana (a glade). Contemporary definitions have been compared to those present in history, and represented in relevant historical sources. The comparison allowed the author to trace the changes in general meaning and in (overlapping) meaning areas. The research demonstrates that the word łąka has got a rather long history (the sources elaborated on by Słownik staropolski [Old-Polish dictionary] prove that the word first appeared in 1270), and it is still vivid and up-to-date. Evidence shows that the distinct features of the word łąka, represented in relevant lexicography, have been shaped by spatial, environmental and land-management connotations.The work presented here focuses on the meaning of the word and term łąka (meadow) in the Polish language, with its examination based on contemporary and historical lexical and encyclopaedic sources. An analysis of this lexeme has been broadened by the study of related words, e.g.: pastwisko (pasture), łęg (demonstrating two meanings in Polish: a marshy meadow and a riparian forest), hala (a mountain glade in the sense of alpage), and polana (a glade). Contemporary definitions have been compared to those present in history, and represented in relevant historical sources. The comparison allowed the author to trace the changes in general meaning and in (overlapping) meaning areas. The research demonstrates that the word łąka has got a rather long history (the sources elaborated on by Słownik staropolski [Old-Polish dictionary] prove that the word first appeared in 1270), and it is still vivid and up-to-date. Evidence shows that the distinct features of the word łąka, represented in relevant lexicography, have been shaped by spatial, environmental and land-management connotations
Funkcje par wyrazów połączonych relacją konwersywności. Analiza korpusowa na przykładzie par mąż : żona, lekarz : pacjent, nauczyciel : uczeń i kupować : sprzedawać
Full text linkThe aim of the paper is to investigate whether pairs of words connected by a semantic relation of converseness perform the same functions in contexts as strong semantic binary oppositions of other types. The following four pairs were analysed: mąż : żona (husband : wife), nauczyciel : uczeń (teacher : student), lekarz : pacjent (doctor : patient) and kupować : sprzedawać (buy : sell). A total of 800 sentences in which members of one of these four pairs co-occur were analysed. The sentences were selected from the National Corpus of Polish. The tool used for the analysis was a set of functions performed by oppositional pairs, used in recent decades in research on various European and non-European languages. In the sets of sentences, for all tested pairs of converses, a significant share of two functions was found: ancillary and coordinated – they were the same ones that had turned out to be the most frequent in previous studies on oppositions of other types. This share was larger for the kupować : sprzedawać pair than for pairs of nous.The aim of the paper is to investigate whether pairs of words connected by a semantic relation of converseness perform the same functions in contexts as strong semantic binary oppositions of other types. The following four pairs were analysed: mąż : żona (husband : wife), nauczyciel : uczeń (teacher : student), lekarz : pacjent (doctor : patient) and kupować : sprzedawać (buy : sell). A total of 800 sentences in which members of one of these four pairs co-occur were analysed. The sentences were selected from the National Corpus of Polish. The tool used for the analysis was a set of functions performed by oppositional pairs, used in recent decades in research on various European and non-European languages. In the sets of sentences, for all tested pairs of converses, a significant share of two functions was found: ancillary and coordinated – they were the same ones that had turned out to be the most frequent in previous studies on oppositions of other types. This share was larger for the kupować : sprzedawać pair than for pairs of nous
Historic Kyiv Polish. Between North and South Borderlands
Full text linkThe article discusses the specific, both sociologically and geographically determined Polish language of Kyiv, perceived by the author as a “territorial variation of the Polish literary language existing within the circle of Polish and Ruthenian intelligentsiain Kyiv in the 17th century around the Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, represented by the prints of the typography of the Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra.” The key was the application of linguistic criteria (phonetic, inflectional and syntactic ones) and answering the question of which variation of the borderland Polish we are dealing with: the northern or the southern one. However, a review of linguistic features shows that the Kyiv Polish language situates itself between the north and south borderlands. At every level of the language, features characteristic of both the southern and northern borderlands are noticeable, with the majority accounting for features common to both regions
Neologizmy słowotwórcze w Obserwatorium Językowym Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego (na materiale haseł opracowanych do lutego 2022 roku). Część 2: Substantywne derywaty złożone
Full text linkThis article constitutes the second part of a series of papers devoted to 1117 Polish derivational neologisms in Obserwatorium Językowe Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego (Language Obserwatory of the University of Warsaw). Its aim is to present and analyse 334 new substantival compounds in the Polish language. The author divides them into groups of derivational neologisms created by the use of the same formative technique and containing the same part of the compound. The study concludes that the biggest class of the described new substantival compounds in contemporary Polish language consists of structures without any affixes. As for the morphemes used to create them, the interfix -o- turned out to be the most productive. Most of them contain the elements e- (abbreviated adjective elektroniczny [electronic]) and -mat (abbreviated noun automat).This article constitutes the second part of a series of papers devoted to 1117 Polish derivational neologisms in Obserwatorium Językowe Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego (Language Obserwatory of the University of Warsaw). Its aim is to present and analyse 334 new substantival compounds in the Polish language. The author divides them into groups of derivational neologisms created by the use of the same formative technique and containing the same part of the compound. The study concludes that the biggest class of the described new substantival compounds in contemporary Polish language consists of structures without any affixes. As for the morphemes used to create them, the interfix -o- turned out to be the most productive. Most of them contain the elements e- (abbreviated adjective elektroniczny [electronic]) and -mat (abbreviated noun automat)
Na marginesie dwu ostatnio opublikowanych nowych czeskich przekładów Nowego Testamentu
Full text linkAt the beginning of the 20th century, there was a noticeable break (modernization) in the way the Bible was translated in the Czech environment, and thus a visible distancing from the previous (long and rich) tradition of Bible translation into the Czech language. Within the framework of this modern Czech Bible translation, eighteen translations of the entire New Testament and ten translations of the Old Testament (which also means nine complete Bibles) have been produced and published (in addition to many translations of smaller parts of the Bible) in the course of about one hundred years. The article presents two modern recently-published Czech translations of the New Testament (published in 2013 and 2020), each representing a significantly different methodological approach. In particular, the article shows the salient features of their authors’ work with the Czech language, the attempts to outline the contours of their grasp of biblical style, and suggests possible inspirations that future translators could draw from these translations.At the beginning of the 20th century, there was a noticeable break (modernization) in the way the Bible was translated in the Czech environment, and thus a visible distancing from the previous (long and rich) tradition of Bible translation into the Czech language. Within the framework of this modern Czech Bible translation, eighteen translations of the entire New Testament and ten translations of the Old Testament (which also means nine complete Bibles) have been produced and published (in addition to many translations of smaller parts of the Bible) in the course of about one hundred years. The article presents two modern recently-published Czech translations of the New Testament (published in 2013 and 2020), each representing a significantly different methodological approach. In particular, the article shows the salient features of their authors’ work with the Czech language, the attempts to outline the contours of their grasp of biblical style, and suggests possible inspirations that future translators could draw from these translations
Wągrowiecki Księży Kacerek, czyli o mniej znanym znaczeniu rzeczownika kacerz // kacerek
Full text linkThe aim of the article is to perform a semantic and lexical analysis of the noun kacerz / kacerek appearing in the toponym Księży Kacerek. This is what the inhabitants of Wągrowiec, Greater Poland, call the green recreation area located in the centre of their city on the Wełna River. The name has approximately a hundred-year-old tradition. Dictionary data shows that in the 16th century, we are dealing with two separate referents and two separate lexemes of German origin: the noun kacerz referred to a person, while the noun kaszer ∥ kaserz referred to a tool. The analysis showed that in the standard language, starting from the Middle Polish period, the form kacerz / kacerek could refer both to a person (‘heretic’; a sequative name) and a fishing tool, which can be considered a manifestation of lexical homonymy conditioned by phonetic processes. In the dialects, in addition to the primary meaning associated with the aforementioned tool, a secondary meaning has developed that refers to a small swampy body of water.The aim of the article is to perform a semantic and lexical analysis of the noun kacerz / kacerek appearing in the toponym Księży Kacerek. This is what the inhabitants of Wągrowiec, Greater Poland, call the green recreation area located in the centre of their city on the Wełna River. The name has approximately a hundred-year-old tradition. Dictionary data shows that in the 16th century, we are dealing with two separate referents and two separate lexemes of German origin: the noun kacerz referred to a person, while the noun kaszer ∥ kaserz referred to a tool. The analysis showed that in the standard language, starting from the Middle Polish period, the form kacerz / kacerek could refer both to a person (‘heretic’; a sequative name) and a fishing tool, which can be considered a manifestation of lexical homonymy conditioned by phonetic processes. In the dialects, in addition to the primary meaning associated with the aforementioned tool, a secondary meaning has developed that refers to a small swampy body of water
Nazwy śmierci i okoliczności zgonu w wypowiedziach prasowych od XVII do początków XIX wieku
Full text linkThe subject of analysis is the names of death and circumstances of death extracted from the press from the 17th to the 19th century (from statements that can be classified into the common category of death notifications). Both vocabulary (including word compounds) directly naming the phenomenon of death and dying and substitute terms not directly referring to such experiences, were collected. The purpose of the article is, on the one hand, to indicate general naming preferences (lexical diversity, direct naming vocabulary vs. substitute vocabulary) and, on the other hand, to determine the extent to which the connections to the lexis of interest are fixed. The analysis showed that the group of terms directly naming death is formed by lexemes and word compounds belonging to the basic lexical resource of Polish. From the beginning of press coverage of death, the circumstances of death are noted: the time and place of death, the cause, the circumstances of dying (including the preparation for one’s own passing).The subject of analysis is the names of death and circumstances of death extracted from the press from the 17th to the 19th century (from statements that can be classified into the common category of death notifications). Both vocabulary (including word compounds) directly naming the phenomenon of death and dying and substitute terms not directly referring to such experiences, were collected. The purpose of the article is, on the one hand, to indicate general naming preferences (lexical diversity, direct naming vocabulary vs. substitute vocabulary) and, on the other hand, to determine the extent to which the connections to the lexis of interest are fixed. The analysis showed that the group of terms directly naming death is formed by lexemes and word compounds belonging to the basic lexical resource of Polish. From the beginning of press coverage of death, the circumstances of death are noted: the time and place of death, the cause, the circumstances of dying (including the preparation for one’s own passing)
Pół wieku języka narodowego w liturgii. Doświadczenie z Czech
Full text linkAfter the Second Vatican Council, national languages began to be used in the Catholic liturgy and it was necessary to prepare translations of liturgical books. On this occasion, in the Czech Republic, the translation of the Bible was also revised and a new hymnal was published. The translation of the missal, especially the speeches delivered by the priest and the faithful at every mass became a very urgent task. In this article, we deal with the linguistic side of these translations, mainly of the Czech Missal. The translation of liturgical texts into Czech is not literal, it does not copy the syntax of the Latin original, but it always preserves its meaning. A neutral literary Czech was deliberately chosen for the translation so that the language of the liturgy would not become obsolete. After several years of using the Czech Missal, some modifications were made. For example, masculine forms were replaced by neutral ones so that they could be recited by both men and women.After the Second Vatican Council, national languages began to be used in the Catholic liturgy and it was necessary to prepare translations of liturgical books. On this occasion, in the Czech Republic, the translation of the Bible was also revised and a new hymnal was published. The translation of the missal, especially the speeches delivered by the priest and the faithful at every mass became a very urgent task. In this article, we deal with the linguistic side of these translations, mainly of the Czech Missal. The translation of liturgical texts into Czech is not literal, it does not copy the syntax of the Latin original, but it always preserves its meaning. A neutral literary Czech was deliberately chosen for the translation so that the language of the liturgy would not become obsolete. After several years of using the Czech Missal, some modifications were made. For example, masculine forms were replaced by neutral ones so that they could be recited by both men and women