Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza
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Anglik, Niemiec i ich języki w międzywojennych numerach czasopisma „Neofilolog”
No full textThe article presents the images of an Englishman and a German as created in the interwar editions of the quarterly “Neofilolog”. The research was based on an analysis of selected excerpts from Polish-language press texts in which the terms Anglik (‘Englishman’), Niemiec (‘German’), Anglia (‘England’), Niemcy (‘Germany’), angielski (‘English’ adj.) and niemiecki (‘German’ adj.) were identified. The inclination to articulate opinions about individuals who exhibited a distinct ethnolect was a prominent feature of glotto-type discourse during the interwar period. This phenomenon can be attributed to the prevailing belief in the educational merits of foreign language instruction. The collected examples were subjected to linguistic analysis in accordance with the findings of the linguistic world image theory. This allowed us to ascertain that the images of native English and German speakers were shaped primarily by the context of Poland’s political and economic interests and the regained independence.The desire to build a reborn state community shaped the portrayal of individuals from both nations as exemplars of elevated culture, worthy of emulation within the Polish context. The personality traits attributed to the two representatives are distinct, as is the attitude towards them which is formed by the disparate levels of direct contact with both nations throughout history.The article presents the images of an Englishman and a German as created in the interwar editions of the quarterly “Neofilolog”. The research was based on an analysis of selected excerpts from Polish-language press texts in which the terms Anglik (‘Englishman’), Niemiec (‘German’), Anglia (‘England’), Niemcy (‘Germany’), angielski (‘English’ adj.) and niemiecki (‘German’ adj.) were identified. The inclination to articulate opinions about individuals who exhibited a distinct ethnolect was a prominent feature of glotto-type discourse during the interwar period. This phenomenon can be attributed to the prevailing belief in the educational merits of foreign language instruction. The collected examples were subjected to linguistic analysis in accordance with the findings of the linguistic world image theory. This allowed us to ascertain that the images of native English and German speakers were shaped primarily by the context of Poland’s political and economic interests and the regained independence.The desire to build a reborn state community shaped the portrayal of individuals from both nations as exemplars of elevated culture, worthy of emulation within the Polish context. The personality traits attributed to the two representatives are distinct, as is the attitude towards them which is formed by the disparate levels of direct contact with both nations throughout history
Przenikanie języków i kultur w średniopolskiej antroponimii Krakowa (XVI–XVIII wiek)
No full textThis article explores the influence of external (foreign) contacts, various languages and cultures on the anthroponymy (surnames) of Kraków’s inhabitants during the Early Modern Polish period. Kraków’s ties with other countries and nations are reflected in certain surname forms, which, as they assimilated into Polish, underwent various adaptation processes – adjusting to native pronunciation and orthography, and conforming to Polish inflectional and word-formation norms. This led to the emergence of distinctive linguistic derivatives (hybrids) – familial forms created using systematic Polish surname-forming suffixes. It is of particular interest how extralinguistic factors – such as social evolution, urban development, foreign interactions, customs, behavioral patterns, and family traditions – shaped the linguistic form of surnames, their lexical origins, and the application of different surname types for identifying various social categories. As research into this fascinating material has shown, the intermingling of different languages and cultures, evident in the anthroponymy of Kraków during the Middle Polish period, occurred in many diverse aspects – not only formal and structural, but also within a broader cultural, sociopolitical and other contexts. Surnames of foreign origin, rooted in the Polish anthroponymic inventory (in various configurations), point to the numerous international connections of Kraków at the time, thus marking an integral part of its history
Nazwy stopni pokrewieństwa i powinowactwa rodzinnego w gwarach zachodniej Wielkopolski
No full textIn this article, the names of the degree of kinship and affinity of the family in the western parts of Greater Poland were analyzed, paying attention to the changes that have occurred in the analyzed group of lexis in the studied area over more than 50 years, i.e. since the 1970s, when field research was carried out for the Atlas języka i kultury ludowej Wielkopolski (Atlas of Greater Poland’s Folk Language and Culture), until the present. The Atlas material was compared with the lexical data that the author collected in 2024 at selected Atlas locations or near them. The analysis covered 27 terms of family relations and showed that transformations are occurring among this group of lexis. Some names are still used (where they were used before or in other locations), some have disappeared, and new names have appeared as well.In this article, the names of the degree of kinship and affinity of the family in the western parts of Greater Poland were analyzed, paying attention to the changes that have occurred in the analyzed group of lexis in the studied area over more than 50 years, i.e. since the 1970s, when field research was carried out for the Atlas języka i kultury ludowej Wielkopolski (Atlas of Greater Poland’s Folk Language and Culture), until the present. The Atlas material was compared with the lexical data that the author collected in 2024 at selected Atlas locations or near them. The analysis covered 27 terms of family relations and showed that transformations are occurring among this group of lexis. Some names are still used (where they were used before or in other locations), some have disappeared, and new names have appeared as well
Kiedy poznajemy prawdziwych przyjaciół? Znane przysłowie w dawnej i współczesnej polszczyźnie
No full textThe paper is devoted to the history of one proverb of ancient origin. The purpose of the analysis is to recreate the processes of developing its canonical form and variability, as well as some innovations that it is subjected to in the contemporary Polish language. The material base comprises contexts excerpted from language corpora and other examples found in various texts. Also, Internet memes were taken into consideration, in which case the creators use the discussed paremic unit for specific linguistic games, including the so-called anti-proverbs. Contemporary textual uses confirm strong stabilization of one variety of the proverb, which was developed and spread by Adam Mickiewicz, and has frequently been repeated as a whole. The preservation and vitality are also proven by innovative lexical-semantic transformations in which components are replaced and some elements are added or reinterpreted. Some transformations of the proverb are also used to challenge the judgment that it contains.The paper is devoted to the history of one proverb of ancient origin. The purpose of the analysis is to recreate the processes of developing its canonical form and variability, as well as some innovations that it is subjected to in the contemporary Polish language. The material base comprises contexts excerpted from language corpora and other examples found in various texts. Also, Internet memes were taken into consideration, in which case the creators use the discussed paremic unit for specific linguistic games, including the so-called anti-proverbs. Contemporary textual uses confirm strong stabilization of one variety of the proverb, which was developed and spread by Adam Mickiewicz, and has frequently been repeated as a whole. The preservation and vitality are also proven by innovative lexical-semantic transformations in which components are replaced and some elements are added or reinterpreted. Some transformations of the proverb are also used to challenge the judgment that it contains
Od wiersza do miana – odwrócony(?) porządek. Onomastycznokulturowe konteksty poezji Wisławy Szymborskiej
No full textThe article discusses the function of proper names in the poetry of Wisława Szymborska. It falls within the realm of literary and cultural onomastics and draws from the methodological assumptions of these sub-disciplines. The observations confirm the invaluable potential of proper names, used in Szymborska’s poetry to varying degrees and in different functions. The creative poetic techniques applied to proper names, their functions and their relationship to the proper name as a specific linguistic entity are manifold. The poetic recontextualization of proper names in Szymborska’s poetry serves various purposes. Primarily, the described techniques involving proper names fulfill the function of world-building in line with the Nobel laureate’s creative philosophy, perception of reality, sensitivity to it, concern for humanity and its condition, and her expression of attitudes toward tradition and history, as well as continuous maintenance of a sense of wonder about the world. There is also the issue of naming itself, whose markers are used, reformulated or even questioned to varying degrees and senses. All of this confirms the immersion of the studied work in culture, in its various aspects and forms, which is also evident in the onymic layer of the poetic message.The article discusses the function of proper names in the poetry of Wisława Szymborska. It falls within the realm of literary and cultural onomastics and draws from the methodological assumptions of these sub-disciplines. The observations confirm the invaluable potential of proper names, used in Szymborska’s poetry to varying degrees and in different functions. The creative poetic techniques applied to proper names, their functions and their relationship to the proper name as a specific linguistic entity are manifold. The poetic recontextualization of proper names in Szymborska’s poetry serves various purposes. Primarily, the described techniques involving proper names fulfill the function of world-building in line with the Nobel laureate’s creative philosophy, perception of reality, sensitivity to it, concern for humanity and its condition, and her expression of attitudes toward tradition and history, as well as continuous maintenance of a sense of wonder about the world. There is also the issue of naming itself, whose markers are used, reformulated or even questioned to varying degrees and senses. All of this confirms the immersion of the studied work in culture, in its various aspects and forms, which is also evident in the onymic layer of the poetic message
Profesor Andrzej Sieradzki – Uczony i Nauczyciel
No full textProfesor Andrzej Sieradzki – Uczony i Nauczycie
Czasowniki i kolokacje wyrażające spożywanie posiłków w języku bośniackim i polskim
No full textThe article discusses verbs and collocations expressing the act of eating meals in Bosnian and Polish, e.g. doručkovati/jeść śniadanie (‘have breakfast’), kahvenisati/pić kawę, kawkować, kawoszyć (‘have coffee’). Four main semantic groups of verbs and collocations have been distinguished in the collected vocabulary: 1) indicating the consumption of main meals: doručkovati/jeść śniadanie, 2) referring to the consumption of additional meals, e.g. užinati/jeść podwieczorek (‘have afternoon tea’), 3) indicating the consumption of festive meals: iftariti/ there is no proper equivalent in the Polish standard language, so ‘eat a meal at the end of the all-day fast during Ramadan’, and 4) general, not indicating any specific meal, e.g. konzumirati/konsumować (‘consume’). The aim of the article is to semantically and equivalently develop the collected Bosnian and Polish material in order to present the similarities and differences visible in this semantic field. The material basis for this study was the dictionaries and corpora of both languages in question. The comparative method was used in the analysis to help present similarities and differences based on selected vocabulary from this semantic field. The analysis showed that Bosnian turned out to be more synthetic than Polish, which in turn seems to be more innovative, because in the system, alongside old forms that have a common origin with Bosnian forms, there are new forms, which is something not observed in Bosnian
Eponimy w edukacji językowo-kulturowej cudzoziemców uczących się polszczyzny
No full textThe subject of the discussion is the characteristics of the structure and meaning of eponyms and their importance in the glottodidactic process. The authors indicate the most important research proposals and problems that result from the borderline character of these lexemes, situated between proper names and appellative lexis. Eponyms as words derived from proper names, created in the process of apellativisation can also serve as an important source of cultural information. Therefore, they may be an interesting source of their introduction at various levels of the didactics of Polish as a foreign language; however, a review of the available textbooks leads to the conclusion that eponymic lexis is scarcely present in the didactics of Polish as a foreign or second language. The authors reflect on the reason for this absence, while showing the didactic potential of eponyms.The subject of the discussion is the characteristics of the structure and meaning of eponyms and their importance in the glottodidactic process. The authors indicate the most important research proposals and problems that result from the borderline character of these lexemes, situated between proper names and appellative lexis. Eponyms as words derived from proper names, created in the process of apellativisation can also serve as an important source of cultural information. Therefore, they may be an interesting source of their introduction at various levels of the didactics of Polish as a foreign language; however, a review of the available textbooks leads to the conclusion that eponymic lexis is scarcely present in the didactics of Polish as a foreign or second language. The authors reflect on the reason for this absence, while showing the didactic potential of eponyms
Z dziejów wykładników kwantyfikacji. Rzeczowniki odliczebnikowe z sufiksami -ka i -ek
No full textThe article is devoted to the problems associated with historical word formation. It explores the evolution of denumeral nouns (formed from collective and cardinal numerals) by means of the suffixes -ek and -ka (cf. e.g. czwórka, dziewiątka, dziesiątek). Along with numerals and other classes of nouns they enter the process of expressing various kinds of quantification. The changes within these formations and their bases are strictly interrelated. The history of the Polish language reveals a slow expansion of the word-formative model in question, which coincides in a natural manner with the crystallisation of the class of numerals and the transformations of their syntactic and inflectional properties. It is these processes that paved the way for the formations with -ka and -ek. These nouns are polysemic in nature, they may indicate number, collectivity or the attributes of objects. The article points out the evolution of the two former senses – the most important ones, which are, contrary to what may appear, changeable in terms of their historical development, cf, e.g. the early dziewiątek złotych, sześć dziesiątków lat. It is worth pointing out that in some contexts the derivatives in question may perform the same function as that of a numeral – both a cardinal and a collective numeral. The research is largely based on the material drawn from dictionaries and linguistic corpora.The article is devoted to the problems associated with historical word formation. It explores the evolution of denumeral nouns (formed from collective and cardinal numerals) by means of the suffixes -ek and -ka (cf. e.g. czwórka, dziewiątka, dziesiątek). Along with numerals and other classes of nouns they enter the process of expressing various kinds of quantification. The changes within these formations and their bases are strictly interrelated. The history of the Polish language reveals a slow expansion of the word-formative model in question, which coincides in a natural manner with the crystallisation of the class of numerals and the transformations of their syntactic and inflectional properties. It is these processes that paved the way for the formations with -ka and -ek. These nouns are polysemic in nature, they may indicate number, collectivity or the attributes of objects. The article points out the evolution of the two former senses – the most important ones, which are, contrary to what may appear, changeable in terms of their historical development, cf, e.g. the early dziewiątek złotych, sześć dziesiątków lat. It is worth pointing out that in some contexts the derivatives in question may perform the same function as that of a numeral – both a cardinal and a collective numeral. The research is largely based on the material drawn from dictionaries and linguistic corpora
Polish as an Element of the Linguistic Landscape of the Specific Urban Space of Ostrava
No full textThe subject of observation and subsequent analysis is primarily a static approach to examining the linguistic landscape (LL), focusing on public signs and spoken (audio) announcements in Polish recorded by the author in the form of photographs and audio recordings within the city of Ostrava, specifically at the Poruba Outdoor Swimming Pool. The author’s aim was to assess how language reflects the broader context of the development of ethnicity and current language dynamics. Therefore, a qualitative approach to the linguistic material was also of interest, with the goal of diagnosing, understanding and comparing indicators of LL in relation to several thematic areas – tourism, Czech merchants’ and service providers’ communication with customers in Polish and the LL in the city in general. The interest was also in the hierarchy of linguistic messages, their placement and whether they are monolingual, polyphonic or mixed.The subject of observation and subsequent analysis is primarily a static approach to examining the linguistic landscape (LL), focusing on public signs and spoken (audio) announcements in Polish recorded by the author in the form of photographs and audio recordings within the city of Ostrava, specifically at the Poruba Outdoor Swimming Pool. The author’s aim was to assess how language reflects the broader context of the development of ethnicity and current language dynamics. Therefore, a qualitative approach to the linguistic material was also of interest, with the goal of diagnosing, understanding and comparing indicators of LL in relation to several thematic areas – tourism, Czech merchants’ and service providers’ communication with customers in Polish and the LL in the city in general. The interest was also in the hierarchy of linguistic messages, their placement and whether they are monolingual, polyphonic or mixed