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A Quest for Equality: Examining Women\u27s Empowerment in Pakistan
No full textWomen are underrepresented in practically every element of society, especially in poorer countries. Women depend on other people in many different ways. Education and a change in how society views women are excellent ways to empower women. Raising awareness and empowering girls in society can also be accomplished through using decision-making authority in the family, economy, and healthcare. In decision-making, money, and access to healthcare, the situation is evolving, and women are becoming more powerful. The study’s main objectives were to understand the socioeconomic and financial aspects of female empowerment in Pakistan. For this, 12,364 married women (15–49 years old) were selected from the PDHS 2017–18. Generally, women in AJK have greater authority than women elsewhere, while FATA women have much less influence. Regression research, however, revealed 16 variables that significantly affect women\u27s empowerment. We used four proxies to empower people. According to this study, most married women were responsible for their homes, finances, and health care. Additionally, this study discovered that respondents from urban areas reported higher levels of empowerment than those from rural areas. Women actively seeking employment have greater influence over their personal, social, and financial lives than women who are not. This study recognizes the close relationship between women\u27s empowerment and decision-making authority
Teaching English through a Comprehensive Sociocultural Project
Full text linkThis study is an application of Vygotsky’s Sociocultural theory critiqued by McLeod (2022), emphasizing upon the role of social interactions in learning. Collaborative learning is founded upon the constructivism theory that expounds how students studying together for a shared goal achieve better learning outcomes compared to those studying in isolation. The primary objective is to foster a sense of motivation among students to wish for their peers\u27 success, thereby encouraging them to support and teach each other a second language. Sociocultural project principles are not commonly employed in Pakistani Classrooms as a pedagogical strategy, it is criticized because of problems like lack of student’s active participation. The researcher experimented with this instructional strategy to assess its effectiveness in L2 teaching. The article is the result of a Survey project assigned to 95 BS English students to teach collaborative learning, research skills and hone their critical thinking and data management skills to enable them to conduct independent research in English language by improving their language competence in academic writing and evaluate their ability to work collaboratively on a project that could evoke higher order thinking skills. In addition, the secondary aim was to assess the sociocultural tendencies of the 250 Pakistani undergrad students of four universities in the twin cities Rawalpindi-Islamabad who acted as respondents of the Sociocultural Survey project. The mixed method study is based on constructivism with a clear focus on teaching SLA proposed by John (2018)
The Study of the Rising Trends of Digital Marketing and Social Media Usage by Women Entrepreneurs in Pakistan
Full text linkThe purpose of this study is to explore the learning experience and knowledge of women entrepreneurs during and after the COVID-19 crisis in Pakistan based on the social-cultural context which is considered to be understudied in developing countries mainly in the entrepreneurial learning process. The COVID-19 crisis has changed Pakistan’s economy with challenges to women entrepreneurs. Moreover, it has also brought technological development through which women adapt and utilize digital marketing by using social media platforms, therefore, promoting the development of a new revolution of digital marketing and modern digital entrepreneurial culture, by diversification of female society from technologically challenged to digitally savvy one. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to find out whether the rising trends of digital marketing and social media usage have an impact on women entrepreneurs in Pakistan. The research is based on the mono-method technique and the research nature is qualitative, the analysis is done by collecting data through implementing an interview session among young and middle age women entrepreneurs. The findings of this research have shown the results of women entrepreneurs being modified in their entrepreneurial venture by using social media and digital media platforms, with facing challenges and other hurdles they have produced great economic growth in the country and are getting more independent. The lack of studies on the analytical review of digital women entrepreneurship and limited literature in Pakistan required more research on this phenomenon
Excessive use of mobile phone on Study habits of Young Students: A case study of Sindh university students
Full text linkMobile phone technology would enhance the students’ status if they use it appropriately in academic activities. Students who use mobile phones excessively, their grade point average (GPA) can be low. The recent rapid increase in cell phones has influenced multiple aspects of our daily lives, particularly those of Students. Students\u27 ability of learning is influenced by study habits. Among these, the use of technologies has assumed a controversial role. Therefore, the aims of the current study is to determine the influence of the mobile phone usage on academic performance among university students. A face to face survey was conducted among 240 students which include 120 male students and 120 female students ranging from second year to fourth year from different departments of Sindh University, Jamshoro. Cell phone and study habits questionnaires were applied to students belonging to various departments of the faculty of Arts. The questionnaire consists of students\u27 demographic information and question-related about the types or brands they use, how much time they spend on their mobile phones, total sleep timings, and what type of challenges they have to face while using mobile phones for study purposes. The mean age of respondents was 20 to 24 years (22.31, SD = 4.27). The results revealed that the maximum time they spent on mobile phones is negatively affecting students and making them more distracted from studies and due to lack of sleep at night they are unable to pay proper attention to their studies. Linear regression analysis also pointed out negative effects on the study habits of students
An Analysis of Project Risk Management and Contributing Factors
Full text linkTo achieve successful outcomes, project managers must effectively resolve conflict situations during project management. In this study, we focus on developing a systemic approach to conflict management in project risk management and analyzing various factors contributing to conflict situations. Using a structured questionnaire, we collected data from 200 risk analysts working in the software industry under the project management domain. The data were analyzed using probabilistic methods and statistical analysis to develop a systemic approach to conflict management. The questionnaire was designed to capture information on various factors that contribute to conflicts during project risk management, including the extent of exposure and multiple exposures. The study\u27s findings reveal that a systemic approach to conflict management in project risk management is effective in minimizing the negative impacts of conflicts. Our analysis identified several contributing factors to conflicts, including poor communication, insufficient risk assessment, and unclear project goals. We propose a systemic approach to conflict management that involves identifying the contributing factors, assessing their severity, and developing appropriate conflict management strategies. The study\u27s contributions include developing a systemic approach to conflict management in project risk management, identifying contributing factors to conflicts, and proposing effective conflict management strategies. The research findings have important implications for project managers who want to achieve good project results while avoiding the negative effects of conflict
Socio-Economic Empowerment of Women with Sustainable Development Goal 05, and Pakistan’s Commitment (Sindh): An Assessment
Full text linkThe study looks at the factors that influence women\u27s empowerment in terms of household decision-making in Pakistan\u27s Sindh province. One of the 17 global goals included in the United Nations\u27 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is the Sustainable Development Goal 5 (SDG 5). The achievement of gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls are the specific goals of SDG 5. The objective is to put an end to all forms of gender-based violence and discrimination, to outlaw harmful customs like child marriage and female genital mutilation, to guarantee equal access to positions of leadership and decision-making, and to advance women\u27s full and effective participation in all aspects of society. The term "women\u27s empowerment" simply refers to giving women the means to achieve social and financial independence. Economic growth is boosted by women\u27s empowerment, which results from investments in their health and education. Rural areas are home to the majority of the population\u27s females. By improving the health and education of future generations, educated and empowered women in these places can either directly or indirectly contribute to economic prosperity. This study shows that having a job, a source of income, a higher education, a mother who has a higher degree, owning property in her name, having more mobility, and feeling empowered increases women\u27s domestic earning capacity. There are specific policy alternatives provided for developing economies
Persuasive Communication and Attitude Change: An Empirical Study of the Effects of Mediated Motivational Videos on Religiosity of Pakistani Viewers
Full text linkThe study tends to investigate role of persuasive communication in bringing up significant changes in the attitude of respondents. Drawing on the theoretical foundation of ELM (Elaboration Likelihood Model) the study investigated how individuals engage and respond towards persuasive videos of popular scholars within religious contexts. Empirical investigation employing experimental design of (Pre-Test) and (Post Test) have been conducted using simple random sampling technique. The manipulated variables of "Exposure to persuasive communication and "Religiosity" have been used for conducting experiment on sample of 110 respondents. The findings proved the undertaken hypothesis with 0.00 significant value that there is significantly positive relationship with exposure to persuasive motivational communication and the level of positive perception about Islam. The more is the exposure to positively inspiring motivational videos the more will be the level of religiosity in terms of positive perception of Islam in Muslim consumers of Pakistan
Not All Commodity Price Shocks are Alike for the Macro Economy of Pakistan
Full text linkThis study examines the impact of commodity price shocks on the macroeconomic variables of the Pakistan economy by disaggregating commodity price indices into seven different groups, namely food, clothing and footwear, housing, energy, transport, education, health, and others. It uses monthly data from July 2008 to June 2020 and employs the SVAR model for data analysis. The results of our study provide insight that all commodity price shocks are not alike for the macroeconomy of Pakistan, and different commodity price groups affect the economy differently with different magnitude. We note that energy price shock has a dominant positive impact on the interest rate, food price shock on inflation, and health price shock on the exchange rate. Whereas education price shock has a dominant-negative impact on output. The findings of our study may help policymakers control the prices of commodities that are more harmful to the macroeconomy of Pakistan and allow the one that generates a positive impact
Housewives’ Media Exposure and Reproductive Health Awareness: A Case of Lahore, Pakistan
Full text linkMedia plays a significant role as a useful source of information. It is a key factor in creating health awareness and helps women to get health information. It also increases women’s interest in their well-being. Reproductive health awareness is crucial for the healthiness of housewives. This research was an effort to know the current health practices of married women in Lahore Pakistan. Focus was paid to explore the role of media in spreading awareness about reproductive health among women. Qualitative research methodology was used. Two techniques of non-probability sampling including purposive for housewives and snowball samplings for gynecologists were applied to get information from the most relevant respondents. Data was collected through in-depth interviews, five gynecologists and twenty housewives were interviewed. Themes were derived from qualitative data that were aligned with some of existing studies that women get information about health but there are certain factors which minimize the effects of media in this regard. This study concluded that reproductive health is mainly affected by ignorance, cultural norms and socio-economic condition of family. Though media exposure plays important role in providing awareness to women yet traditional health practices still prevail with life-threatening consequences
Media Implications of Water Scarcity in Pakistan
Full text linkWater Crisis has become one of the most vital challenges for Pakistan because the nation of 220 million people is passing through the worst kind of water shortage from North to East and South to West. The water shortage crisis has a huge range from the very basic need of drinking water to mass level agricultural and industrial needs. Despite of its greatest significance for the future of the nation, it has been completely ignored by the governments during the last seven and half decades. Political and economic instability as well as absence of a great visionary leadership has been a vital cause of this crisis. The 75-year-old rival neighboring country India having almost 2900 kilometer border sharing with Pakistan is one of the biggest reason for this crisis because it has deliberately blocked the natural flow of water from East to West. Huge amount and resources have been wasted on the proposed Kalabagh Dam but it could not be materialized because of the provincial disagreement and weak political will. The former Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Pakistan Mr. Justice Saqib Nisar launched an international campaign to raise funds for the establishment of new dams in the country but practically nothing has been done. This paper investigates the reasons behind the current water crisis and critically analyzes its impact on the social, political and economic well-being of the nation. The paper also critically analyses the role of media in highlighting the issue of water crisis. It enforces media to play its role in the current wave of dams’ construction. It also gives some viable recommendations for moving ahead to achieve the goal to tackle the issue with some viable solution with reference to future challenges