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The Role of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Job Motivational Factors in Enhancing Employee Performance: A Mediating Effect of Employee Commitment
Full text linkThe aim of this study was to investigate the role of job motivation factors including intrinsic and extrinsic in augmenting the performance of nurses and paramedical staff and also to assess the mediating effect of employee commitment. The current research is based on expectancy theory. The simple random sampling technique has been used and data were collected through survey questionnaire from paramedical staff (grade 16 and above) of government hospitals of urban Sindh, Pakistan. The sample size required calculated through G*power software was 258; however we received 265 responses out of 300 (response rate 88.3%). The data were analyzed through Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) in Smart PLS 3.0 version software. The hypotheses testing results indicated that “employees’ intrinsic motivation (IM)” and “extrinsic motivation (EM)” had a significant positive impact on “employee performance (EP)”. The findings of this study also reported that both types of motivations (intrinsic & extrinsic) impact indirectly on workforce performance through mediator “employee commitment”. This means that nurses and healthcare workers provided with greater motivation aspects (intrinsic and extrinsic) have higher work performance and their commitment also increases which further lead to their enhanced productivity in their jobs. The authors concluded this empirical study with implications, some limitation and directions for the research in future
Identifying Tools and Means of Interstate Disinformation Warfare against Pakistan: An Exploratory Study
Full text linkThis study examines the tools and means used by adversaries in interstate disinformation warfare waged against Pakistan. The warfare mongers want to shape Pakistani public opinion and international perception to affect government policy in their favor by hitting these targets through media assaults. Although this study majorly involved inductive reasoning, like most qualitative studies, it partly has a validating character. This research comprised a sample of 15 interviewees with diverse backgrounds, including media academicians, journalists, and defense analysts. A purposive sampling method was adopted to recruit participants identified through snowballing. The participants were recruited through the purposive snowballing method. In-depth phenomenological interviewing was employed to collect data per this study\u27s ontological stance and epistemological beliefs. Employing the Thematic Analysis Method, twenty codes were identified from the interview data. These codes were segregated into six nodes based on similarity. The nodes were later clubbed into a theme. Once the data had been arranged hierarchically in Codes, Nodes, and Themes, it was fed into NVivo version 12, a computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software, to compile it graphically and assign visual presentations. All participants viewed affirmatively in line with the Nodes and Child Nodes, and no differing or mitigating remark was received from the participants. So, it is confidently concluded that the research objective has been fully achieved
The Role of Digital Media in Environmental Awareness in Karachi – Investigating the Effectiveness of Digital Media in Spreading Environmental Awareness
No full textEnvironmental issues in Karachi is increasing significantly nowadays and this is becoming an alarming sign for the health of the citizens these issues are often promoted through digital media.. The purpose of this study is to explore how digital media is spreading awareness regarding environmental issues to the people in Karachi. Qualitative research method was followed, while in-depth interviews were conducted with 50 residents of Karachi. Thematic analysis was performed to analyze the interviews. Findings suggest that digital media is a key source in spreading environmental awareness. Social media platforms, like facebook, Instagram, twitter, tiktok, whatsapp, snapchat, online news portals, and digital campaigns are particularly effective at getting that message across. The study also reveals some clear patterns. Accessibility and engagement are key. Influencers and activists have a big role to play in environmental awareness through social media. Misinformation and skepticism are major challenges. Government and institutional involvement is essential. Social media can foster awareness and discussion, but it also creates challenges like information overload, credibility issues, and limited behavioral change. It is recommended that a collaborative effort from content creators, policymakers, and educational institutions to make the most of digital media\u27s impact on environmental awareness in Karachi
Reporters as Mr. Gates: Exploration of Personal and Institutional Factors Regarding Prospects and Challenges of Environmental Reporting
No full textThe media plays a vital role in raising awareness, shaping environmental discourse, humanizing ecological issues, and inspiring positive action. Given the global significance and sensitivity of environmental challenges, media professionals—particularly environmental reporters are expected to carry out their responsibilities with greater responsibility, objectivity, and insight. This requires a clear understanding of environmental issues and a strong foundation of knowledge. As advocates for environment, reporters can make more meaningful and impactful contributions when they are well-informed and up to date. In this regard, the role of the parent media organization is crucial in providing the necessary support, training, and resources. Based on the interview method, this study explores the awareness of Climate Change and related issues among Pakistani reporters and its effect on their professional performance as advocates of environmental issues. It also documents the role of institutional support (specifically from government and media organizations) in this regard. Personal interests and concerns were found to play a more significant role in environmental reporting than any other factor. Both the government and parent organizations were reported to be less supportive than the severity of the issue warrants. The participants identified several factors that influence their role as environmental journalists. These included a general lack of awareness about the seriousness of environmental issues, restrictive editorial policies, prevailing media practices, the marginalization of environmental reporting (as it is not treated as a dedicated beat), and the framing of environment-related events and issues
U.S. Military Withdrawal from Afghanistan: War and Peace Journalism in Pakistani Media
Full text linkWhen it comes to reporting on war and conflict, according to Galtung (1986, 1998), there are two conflicting frames, war journalism and peace journalism. War journalists cover conflict by reporting it in a way that promotes violence, dominance, and an elitist viewpoint. Peace journalists, on the other hand, report proactively on the reasons and solutions to conflicts, providing all sides with a voice via responsible Media. The present study analyzes how Dawn and the Nation depict U.S. Military Withdrawal from Afghanistan. This study focuses on the war and peace inclination of the Pakistani print media. The war and peace journalism model proposed by Johan Galtung is used to guide this research (1986). Peace journalism strives to de-escalate war and violence, promote peace, and offer opportunities for dispute resolution. A quantitative content analysis was used to examine the two newspapers' coverage for one month, from August 01, 2021, to August 31, 2021. The findings of the study revealed that the coverage of the Nation was heavily war-oriented, with a percentage of 69.2%, while Dawn's coverage was peace-oriented, with 53.7% of its contents falling in that category
The Role of HR as Change Agent Towards Organizational Effectiveness - An Empirical Study with Respect to Pakistani Organizations
No full textOver the last two decades, human resource (HR) experts have been confronted with a new obligation to become Change Agents (Storey, 1992; Ulrich, 1997). Since then, studies have concentrated on the many ways that HR plays this function to support long-term organizational performance and enable effective organizational change. (Alfes, Truss, & Gill, 2010; Long, Wan Ismail, & Amin, 2013). This research study aims to investigate to what extent the HR department plays the role of a Change Agent within organizations working within Pakistan. The data was collected all over Pakistan from different types of Organizations. The respondents were part of the Management Team and belonged to different departments of these organizations. The sample size was 387. A questionnaire was developed and distributed to receive responses from the professionals. A research model was developed to evaluate the proposed relationships, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was employed for data analysis. The results indicate that Change Drivers (CD) – External Factors have no significant impact on the Change Management Process (CMP). In contrast, Change Drivers – Internal Factors exhibit a positive and significant effect on CMP. Furthermore, Human Social Capital (HSC) has also shown a positive influence on the Change Management Process. The mediating role of Human Social Capital (HSC) between Change Drivers (CD) and Change Management Process (CMP) has been statistically confirmed. In addition, a positive relationship has been identified between the Change Management Process (CMP) and Organizational Effectiveness (OE). The findings also reveal that the Human Resource (HR) Department functions as a moderator in the relationship between CMP and OE, thereby enhancing the influence of effective change management on organizational outcomes
Impact of Fintech & Monetary Policy on Liquidity Creation
Full text linkThe study aims to identify the impact of monetary policy and financial technology on bank liquidity creation for commercial banks in Pakistan. The annual time series data was gathered from 2004-2003. The multiple regression technique was used to test the hypotheses. The findings suggest that FinTech and monetary policy significantly positively affect bank liquidity creation in Pakistan. It means that banks\u27 adoption and implementation of FinTech enhance their ability to create economic liquidity. The State Bank of Pakistan must effectively use the monetary policy rate to control the liquidity the banks create in the economy, as the excess amount of liquidity creation harms the economy. However, the State Bank of Pakistan should effectively use the monetary policy rate to manage the liquidity creation. Future researchers should consider other factors, such as adopting artificial intelligence and sustainable development on liquidity creation in Pakistan or other countries. Sustainable liquidity creation must be introduced so that the economy\u27s liquidity creation is environmentally friendly. Liquidity is created when banks finance illiquid assets by utilizing liquid liabilities; the banks must finance only those illiquid loans that are environmentally friendly
Foreign Aid, Human Capital and Economic Growth: The case of South Asian Countries
Full text linkThis study empirically investigates the long-run association between foreign aid, human capital, and economic growth in selected South Asian countries over a 34-year period. Specifically, this study is based on a human capital augmented growth model, which consider the absorptive capacity of recipient economies. We utilize panel data settings, such as, Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) and Dynamic Feasible Generalized Least Squares (DFGLS), to find robust long-run relationships. Empirical findings suggest that foreign aid is has an indirect effect on per capital income through the channel of domestic investment, domestic savings, and, real exchange rate. Further, foreign aid decreases both the level of domestic investment and savings, which results in crowding out. The study also reveals that foreign aid contributes positively to real exchange rate. Similarly, human capital has a significant and positive impact on per capital income. These empirical findings underline the vital role of human capital in amplifying the influence of foreign aid and offer valuable insights for decision makers to improve aid usefulness in the selected South Asian economies
HRM Training as the Heartbeat of Mitigating Burnout and organizational commitment in the High-Stress Healthcare Environment
Full text linkThe healthcare industry addresses employee burnout as an escalating issue that significantly compromises staff well-being, productivity, and the crucial quality of patient care. The role of Human Resource Management (HRM) policies, specifically Stress Management Training (SMT) and Work Environment Training (WET) in mitigating burnout and enhancing organizational commitment (OC) has been the topic of debate for years. Data from 339 healthcare employees was collected through structured questionnaires by leveraging quantitative research design for data acquisition. The collected data was analyzed through Smart PLS-4 software, exploring both direct and mediating relationships among key constructs of this study. Results show both SMT and WET significantly reduce burnout (SMT β=0.776, WET β=0.390; p<0.05), validating their direct impact. Burnout mitigation was found to be a significant predictor of organizational commitment (β=0.494, p<0.05). A key finding from mediation analysis is that Occupational exhaustion serves as a robust mediator for the relationship between both SMT and WET and organizational commitment. Moreover, Occupational exhaustion mitigation aids as a mediator, enhancing the constructive influence of SMT and WET on organizational commitment. The results highlight the intermediating role of burnout, with WET showing a more potent influence than SMT. The results clarify the mandate for nurturing tailored HRM interventions that address both individual stress and systemic workplace challenges
From Trust to Transaction: Exploring the Interplay of Brand Loyalty, Perception, Product Quality, and Price in Shaping Buying Decisions
Full text linkThis study investigates the complex interactions among product quality, brand perception, brand loyalty and price in shaping consumer purchasing decisions. Based on a quantitative research framework and structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to look at both direct and indirect effects between these variables. The results show that brand loyalty is the most important factor that affects the consumer buying behavior. This shows that it is the key to turning trust into action. Brand perception and product quality also have a positive effect on buying decision which shows how consumer attitudes and their experiences affect their product choices. Price also serves as a mediating variable in the model. Product quality and brand loyalty have a positive effect on how people see prices, while brand perception has a small negative effect. This means that strong brand associations don’t always lead to a fair price perception. The model explains a significant portion of the variance in consumer buying decisions and providing an in-depth comprehension of the interplay between emotional and evaluative factors and rational pricing considerations. These findings highlight the necessity for marketers and brand strategists to cultivate robust brand relationships, ensure consistent product quality and implement pricing strategies that align with consumer perceived value. This integrated perspective provides actionable strategies for improving consumer engagement, fostering consumer loyalty and ultimately affecting purchase intent in competitive market contexts