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Growing Up with Screens: A Study on the Effects of Excessive Mobile Device Exposure in Early Childhood
No full textThis study was conducted to determine young children\u27s (Pre-Teens) exposure and impact on excessive use of mobile devices in early age. The children\u27s access and ownership of mobile devices at a very early age has grown substantially in the past decade. The rapidly advancing technology has become a part of children’s lives. This current generation of children is growing up in an era where mobile devices are the normal parts of daily lives interaction and communication. However, the early use of mobile phones has a negative impact and badly affected children\u27s social, psychological as well as physical life. Most parents give mobile phones to their children at a very early age to make them busy so they will not disturb them while they are working. Although most parents understand the negative effects of mobiles for children, still they allow their child to use them. This awareness also examined how badly children were affected by using mobile phones and negative impacts of early usage of electronic media. Moreover, it looked into the emerging trend of mobile devices use by children might affect the social development of their children, their ability to develop strong communication skills, and relationships with others
Running Musharakah in Islamic Banking Industry of Pakistan: An Analysis of Product Structure and its Practical Implementation
Full text linkThis research critically examines the practical execution of the Running Musharakah (RM) product within Islamic banking industry of Pakistan. It aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of its structure and application while addressing a significant gap in the existing literature. Previous research has predominantly focused on issues related with RM, providing limited insights into its structuring, variations, and underlying assumptions. The study employs a document review methodology, complemented by case studies and literature analysis. Data were collected from product manuals, agreements, process flows, and calculation sheets of full-fledged Islamic banks. The findings reveal that while Running Musharakah adheres to the general principles of Musharakah/Shirkah, but in practice, RM is a new form of Musharakah with different underlying assumptions, maxims, and calculations from classical Musharakah/Shirkah. Unlike traditional Musharakah, RM uses adjusted Cost of Goods Sold (COGS) or Cost of Sales (COS) for business valuation, which varies by industry. For instance, the service industry includes fixed assets alongside COS, whereas the travel industry relies on net current assets. RM also introduces a unique two-tier profit-sharing method, with "above ceiling" and "below ceiling" thresholds. Profits exceeding the ceiling are minimally shared with customers, solely to align with Shariah principles while mirroring conventional debt-based returns. Additionally, RM calculates distributable profit based on gross profit, excluding key business expenses such as administrative costs, taxes, and depreciation. These innovations distinguish RM from classical Musharakah, with elements such as business valuation through adjusted COGS/COS, exclusion of certain expenses from profit calculations, and ceiling-based profit distribution warranting further research, particularly regarding Shariah compliance, accounting methods, and regulatory oversight
Relating Theory of Planned Behavior with the Purchase of Over the Counter Medicines in Karachi City
Full text linkSelf-Medication and purchase of over the counter medicine is very common in developing sides of the world. However limited studies try to relate the theory of planned with over the counter purchase of medicine. Hence, this study is purposively conducted to examine the relationship of theory of planned behavior with the purchase of over the counter medicine. This not only fulfills the evidence gap with reference to developing and Asian Markets but will also overcome knowledge gap. However, data collection for this study is a challenging task and to achieve this task effectively researchers collected data through convenience sampling from the urban areas of Karachi city, Analysis has been made through using SMART-PLS and findings of the study revealed that use of theory of planned behavior is a valid action and usage of the theory of planned behavior revealed that external factors used in the study are significant in shaping the customer’s attitude towards the purchase of over the counter medicine
Buy or Not to Buy – The Paradigm; Understanding Correlation between Brand Perception and Brand Loyalty towards Consumer Buying Decision Process for University Students
Full text linkConsumer buying decision is a complex process that is influenced by multiple factors including product related attributes, emotional responses and perceptions of value. Understanding the motivating factors behind the consumer buying decisions is most critical for businesses aiming to design and implement effective marketing strategies. This study carefully examines the impact of product quality, customer service and product innovation on consumer buying decision, while also exploring the moderating roles of brand loyalty, brand perception and price. This research is based upon the existing consumer behavior theories and also integrates a comprehensive framework to understand how these key factors influence the buying behavior of consumers in the competitive marketplace. The authors of this study collected data through likert scale questionnaire from the MBA enrolled students of private sector higher studies institutions and private universities present in the Karachi region, and structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to test the study hypothesis. The results of the study reveal that product quality, customer service and product innovation are the key factors that significantly motivates the consumers to engage in the buying decision. Furthermore, brand loyalty and brand perception also significantly moderate the relationships between the independent variables and buying decisions, enhancing the likelihood of buying when combined with the positive perceptions of the brand and strong customer loyalty. In case of price as moderating variable, demonstrates the mixed effect depending on the interaction with independent variables. The findings of the study mainly contribute to the body of knowledge on consumer buying decision making by highlighting the importance of the both direct and interaction effects of these factors, providing with valuable insights for marketers seeking to influence the consumer choices in an increasingly complex competitive environment
Effect of Social Media Advertisement on Purchasing Behavior: A Response from Female University Students and Female Faculty Members
Full text linkDue to the characteristics like cost-effectiveness and access, Social media has evolved as an effective and popular online marketplace where companies can offer their products and services to a larger audience. Advertisers utilize Scheduling tools, hyper-target audience, and personalized content using data and analytics to maximize the benefits of social media as an advertising platform. In the context of traditional advertising, studies have identified certain factors that significantly influence the effectiveness of ads. This includes, Consumer attitudes towards the medium, Uses, Mood, Involvement, and the extent to which the medium is interactive in nature. The present study intends to seek the effect of social media advertising on the purchasing behavior and the association between consumer’s perceptions of social media advertisements and buying behavior in the context of said characteristics. To find the relationship between the effect of social media and study variables, primary data has been collected using questionnaires from 396 female students and faculty members from three public sector universities in Lahore, Pakistan. The effect of advertisement is measured on a four-point Likert scale from high effect to no effect according to the participants’ opinions The extent of social media advertisement’s effect has been explored by applying an ordinal logistic regression model. Findings revealed a significant effect of the time spent on social media by a user and buying behavior. Similarly the buying behavior was also reported to be affected by the type of advertisements, attention, perceived positive role of these advertisements in making better decisions, consideration of these ads as helpful in improving standard of living, and kinds of advertisements. The variables family income, education, age, university, status, daily hours, motivation, kinds of advertisement, and source of advertisement, are more likely to move in the higher category of the effect of advertisement on purchasing behavior with an odds ratio>1. The findings reveal that social media advertising influenced the purchasing behavior of female social media users. It is proposed from the study results that companies should focus on publicity elevation activities using social networks as this is a less costly, more effective method and addresses a large target audience
Intention to Use Islamic Mobile Banking Services: Detailed Analysis Based on Theoretical Triangulization
Full text linkThe purpose of this study is to make readers understand about the intention to use mobile banking through theoretical triangulation of TAM and TRA models. Previous studies related with the topic were based either on conventional banking or either from other Muslim countries than Pakistan. However, this study has not only been conducted with reference to the largest Muslim country but also through thorough model that has been based on theoretical triangulation. Hence, the rigor and impact of this study might outstand the previous research work. Therefore, to compile this study in effective manner data has been collected through 383 customers through convenience sampling. Analysis has been made through SMART-PLS and findings of the study confirmed that theoretical triangulation is effective tool for the selection of variables. The claim is found to be true as findings of this study indicate positive impact of customer’s attitude over intention to use mobile banking services from Islamic Banks. Moreover, detailed statistical testing also indicated that the impact is not only true for PU has a definite impact over customer’s attitude as well as intention to use Islamic Mobile Banking. However, PEoU does not have direct or indirect effect over the attitude and intention to use mobile banking. Hence, the findings of the study are indicating that there is a need of more rigorous studies to explore theoretical triangulation and model for comparative studies between conventional and Islamic Banking.
Analysis of Newspaper Reportage on Fuel Subsidy Removal from June – July 2023 in The Guardian and The Punch Newspapers in Nigeria
Full text linkFuel subsidy refers to a government intervention strategy where a portion of the production or distribution cost of petroleum products is covered by the state to ensure affordability for consumers. In Nigeria, successive administrations have implemented fuel subsidies as a means of promoting economic stability and easing the financial burden on citizens. However, growing concerns over the fiscal sustainability of the policy, particularly its contribution to the national debt, have led to increased advocacy for its removal. In line with these concerns, the Federal Government Nigeria, under the administration of President Bola Ahmed Tinubu, officially discontinued the subsidy regime in June 2023. This study investigates the newspaper coverage of the fuel subsidy removal between June and July 2023 in two prominent national dailies—The Guardian and The Punch. Utilizing content analysis methodology, the research examines the nature of the coverage in terms of frequency, prominence, tone (direction), type of report, and the size/length of the articles. Findings indicate that both newspapers dedicated substantial attention to the issue, with a notable prevalence of negative tones across their reports. The study concludes that the print media played an active role in shaping public discourse on the policy and recommends that newspapers adopt a more proactive editorial stance on matters of national importance. Rather than merely reflecting public sentiment, newspapers should contribute substantively to policy debates as critical stakeholders in national governance
Using Development Support Communication to Address Climate Change Challenges in Sindh
Full text linkThe study investigates the role of Development Support Communication (DSC) used in the viewpoint of climacteric issues in Sindh Pakistan. Despite the increasing vulnerability of the region to climate related risk (e.g., floods, droughts, extreme temperatures), effective climate communication strategies are key to mitigation of negative impacts as well as fostering sustainable development. The study analyzes on how DSC can be deployed in the following aspects: (i) awareness raising; (ii) promotion of adaptive behaviors; and (iii) influence policy changes to improve resilience. Utilizing a range of qualitative and quantitative techniques, such as surveys, interviews, and content analysis, the study identifies significant barriers in communication practices and suggests ways to enhance outreach and engagement with local communities and stakeholders
Role of Broadcasting Media to Promote Climate Change Awareness: A Survey from Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Shaheed Benazirabad
No full textClimate change is going to rapidly affect the environment with in Pakistan and across the globe also became treated as global issue, and the Broadcasting Media (Radio and TV) are the most crucial source of information and awareness at grassroots level. This survey conducted from Bachelor’s degree program of Morning shift students at Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Shaheed Benazir Abad only, to analysis the importance of broadcasting media, particularly television and radio to promoting awareness about climate change perceptively. This study involves that how students are getting media content about environmental issues, their satisfaction with local Pakistani TV channel and FM Radio coverage, and the focus of this study is about the useful role of broadcasting Media in raising of climate change awareness. Research has collected 100 questionnaires randomly from the various departments of main campus of Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Shaheed Benazirabad. The findings of this study reveals that broadcasting Media is basic source of information ad awareness about climate change for students. Furthermore, study highlight that there is only a moderate level of relationship between climate change content and students’ awareness. This study recommended that programs should be increased more accurate, regular, and accessible climate change programming, particularly in news format, analysis, talk shows, short films and folk talk and documentary styles. Furthermore, also it is suggested that students\u27 attitudes and actions can be influenced by further media coverage regards environmental issues, it promotes sustainability
Green Journalism in Pakistan: A Study of Challenges Faced by Environmental Journalists
No full textEnvironmental journalism in Pakistan has gained significance over the last decade as the country is facing severe climate related challenges including rising temperatures, floods and heat waves. Despite the urgency, environmental reporting is fragmented and underdeveloped. This study investigates the challenges faced by Pakistani environmental journalists and the nature of those challenges. A qualitative research design was used, with semi-structured interviews of 15 journalists with at-least two years of professional experience in TV, print and digital media. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was applied because it allows exploration of journalists’ lived experiences and perceptions in depth (Smit et al., 2009). Purposive and snowball sampling ensured that only respondents directly connected to environmental reporting were included. Interviews were conducted in Urdu, recorded, and transcribed into English. Findings show that disaster oriented news like floods and heat waves dominates the coverage as it has immediate audience appeal while long term environmental issues are ignored. Key hurdles include lack of financial and institutional support, political and industrial pressures and limited access to reliable scientific data. These constraints hinder journalists from providing sustained and evidence based environmental reporting. The study highlights the need for capacity building, institutional support and closer collaboration between journalists, scientists and policymakers to strengthen environmental journalism in Pakistan