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A Comparative Analysis of Income Inequality and Human Development across the World
Full text linkNumerous studies have looked at the relationship between income disparity and economic progress. They believed that economic growth was reflected in the GDP per capita. People\u27s decisions have a direct impact on progress. As people grow as a result of human development, their options increase. This idea encompasses a wide spectrum of human choices.Additionally, inequality may hurt living standards, health, and education. This study looked at how income inequality affects human development across national boundaries. The education index (EI), health index (HI), and income index (IX) are the three subindices that make up the human development index (HDI), which we utilized as a measure of human development. The Gini Coefficient has been used to quantify income inequality. As dependent variables, HDI, EI, HI, and IX have been estimated using four econometric models. An analysis of panel data of 66 countries from 2004 to 2022 was conducted using the Hausman test to identify whether fixed and random effects were equally appropriate. The Drisc and Kray method, as well as Generalized Least Squares, have also been used to produce consistent results in descriptive statistics. There is a negative correlation between HDI, EI, HI, and IX and income inequality, according to empirical findings. Human choice can be expanded through the reduction in income inequality, especially in low HDI economies
From Discrimination to Demotivation: Analyzing the Linkages between Gender Disparity, Harassment, and Employee Motivation
Full text linkGender discrimination and harassing behavior have evolved as the complex phenomena in today’s multicultural diverse organizations. This gender based inequality affects employees’ motivation and is a heavy cost to the organization in the form of higher turnover ratio, less productivity and profitability. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship and effect among gender disparity, harassing behavior and employee motivation & enthusiasm. This study checks the applicability of the organizational justice theory and Adam’s equity theory. Using quantitative research approach, cross-sectional method and convenience sampling, data was collected from 385 workers comprising white collar and blue-collar ones working in various sectors in all provinces of Pakistan. The data were analyzed using PLS SEM technique in SMART PLS. The findings of this study indicate that both the factors i.e., gender disparity and harassing behavior decrease employee motivation and enthusiasm in the workplace. Moreover, the findings depict a picture of the impact of discrimination and harassing behavior on employees’ motivation & enthusiasm in the form of cost and loss to the organization’s productivity. The study’s findings would support the government, policymakers, and business owners in devising the policies to make a conducive workplace environment free from discrimination and any kind of harassment so that the employees may work diligently for the benefit of their organization
Automated Lip Reading to Predict Visemes using Multimodal Convolutional Neural Network with Audio-Visual Features
Full text linkThe process of interpreting sentences based on the movements of a speaker\u27s lips is referred to as lip reading. Traditionally, this task has been approached in two stages using conventional methods: first, by generating or learning audio-visual features, and second, by making predictions. While contemporary deep lip reading techniques benefit from end-to-end trainable datasets, much of the existing research on these models tends to concentrate solely on word classification rather than predicting sequences at the sentence level. Long sentences may be lip-read by humans, as studies have shown. This study emphasizes the value of temporal considerations by highlighting the components that are important for capturing temporal context in instances when communication channels are unclear. In the paper, a lip-reading system for viseme prediction is shown. The system uses a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with a recurrent network, spatiotemporal convolutions, and the connectionist temporal classification loss. A variable-length series of video frames is efficiently mapped to text using an end-to-end training procedure. Both visual and auditory qualities are evaluated using the CNN architecture. The CNN model outperforms trained human lip readers and achieves accuracies of 72.8% CER and 80.8% WER (unseen speakers with audio), whereas 46.2% CER and 56.6% WER (unseen speakers without audio), which are reasonable accuracies on the GRID corpus by splitting test at the level of the sentences
The Interplay between Enterprise Marketing Strategy and Relationship Performance: A Strategic Perspective
Full text linkThe success of a company depends heavily on its marketing plan and the quality of its client relationships. This research report aims to provide a deeper understanding of the critical elements that influence the performance of relations and the interaction between company’s advertising approaches. Using a thorough literature review and empirical data analysis, this study examines several areas of marketing strategy, such as current industry performance, dedication, pricing strategy, marketing via social media, and managing customer relationships. The study looks at how these strategic elements affect relationship performance indicators like client satisfaction, commitment to the brand, cooperation, and long-term profitability. By providing light on the complicated links between marketing strategy and relationship performance in the context of businesses, the research\u27s findings add to our understanding of this topic. Administrators and professionals can build advertising techniques that enhance relationship performance with the support of the findings of the research, which will ultimately result in an ongoing edge in competitiveness and economic profitability
Inflation and Sustainable Human Development: Assessing the Role of Public Expenditures in Threshold Effect
Full text linkEconomic growth is limited to raising GDP, whereas the choices made by individuals influence human development. Several economic needs to be proved to hamper economic growth. Throughout history, determining the ideal degree of inflation has been crucial to achieving the best potential results in human advancement. The relationship between inflation and human development in Pakistan is analyzed to see if a threshold effect exists. To address the following question, public social service regulation can modify the threshold effect of inflation for sustainable human growth, even in the case of public expenditure restriction. Using annual data from 1972 to 2022, Khan & Senhadji\u27s (2001) methodology is utilized for threshold estimation, and the Error Correction Mechanism (ECM) approach is used for co-integration. In order to understand the threshold impact between inflation and human development, it is imperative to address the holes in current research on the subject. Several studies indicate a threshold level of 9% for inflation and economic growth in Pakistan, which is significantly lower than the empirical data. Human development is negatively affected by inflation beyond this threshold. The report suggests that an inflation rate of more than 3% negatively impacts Pakistan\u27s sustainable human development. Inflation and human progress can intersect at different points when government social services increase purchasing power. To calculate the threshold level of 14%, the current analysis uses public spending on social services. Improved provision of social services such as drinking water, sanitation, health care, and education can mitigate inflation\u27s adverse effects
Inbound Open Innovation: A Catalyst for High-Performing Firms
Full text linkIn this study, we look at how learning organizations moderate the link between internal innovation performance, knowledge management, product innovation performance, and overall organization performance. This study fills a gap in the literature by taking a novel look at an old problem—how to boost company performance via innovation—and incorporating knowledge management as an integral part of the solution. Data for the study came from a survey of 204 people working for different companies in Pakistan; the researchers used a quantitative research strategy. The findings point to a favorable correlation between organizational success and the following metrics: knowledge management, product innovation performance, and internal innovation performance. Additionally, a learning organization moderates the relationship between internal innovation performance and organization performance. These results show how important it is for businesses to encourage a learning and innovation culture if they want to improve their performance. Findings from this study can guide efforts to enhance organizational performance by shedding light on the elements that make a difference. The impact of innovation on performance can evolve over time, therefore studies that focus on shorter periods may not be able to capture all of the relevant details. The research may have overlooked some of the nuances of information management, sharing, and utilizing it for innovation within companies, despite the fact that it is a novel approach
Triple Helix Model and Firm Performance: A Case of Pakistani SMEs
Full text linkSmall and medium enterprises (SMEs) in developing countries are striving to achieve better performance. Several external agents play their role by helping firms to achieve improved performance by implementing innovation in the firm. In this stance, the present study aims to investigate the role government, university, and industry play in achieving the enhanced firm performance. The study considered marketing innovation and organizational innovation as the pillars of the firm’s performance. The study hypothesized that the players of triple helix model (government, industry, and university) have direct influence on the organizational and marketing innovation of the firm which further helps in achieving better firm performance. The research collected the data from the SMEs of Pakistan from different sectors and major cities. The study evaluates the data through structural equation modeling the results of the study reveal the significant relationship of all variables. The results of the study unveiled that external sources like government, universities and industries helped the organizations to improve their performance by collaborating with them. The study highlighted that Pakistani SMEs are lacking behind in bringing innovation in their organizational and marketing activities due to lack of resources, support, and proper R&D. On the ground of the findings the study concluded that SMEs in Pakistan could enhance their performance by collaborating with the agents of triple helix model
Mainstream media and social media news consumption patterns of youth in Lahore Pakistan
Full text linkThe study investigates news consumption patterns among Pakistani youth in Lahore, utilizing the Uses and Gratification theory. A quantitative approach with a sample of 275 university students aged 15 to 24 was employed. The survey, conducted through an online Google form, focused on political news and entertainment news across mainstream and social media. Findings indicate a significant shift towards social media, with 78% of youth using it for social interaction, surveillance, knowledge, and entertainment. Traditional media, including newspapers and radio, is declining, with only 20% relying on them. Television remains popular, with most youth watching from 8:00 to 10:00 p.m. for information and entertainment. Social media is preferred for educational searches, and youths leverage information from various media for business discussions. The study underscores the evolving media landscape and changing preferences among Pakistani youth
Intelligent Information Retrieval from Unstructured Data using Natural Language Processing
Full text linkCompanies and recruitment agencies required to go through tons of Curriculum Vitae every day to find suitable candidates, which is inefficient if done manually by a recruiter. In this paper, an automatic system is proposed for the selection of best candidate. This proposed model can take out all the vital information from the unstructured curricula vitae and transform them into the structured format. It will also allow recruiters to filter and search for only relevant data within the structured curricula vitae. This proposed model uses different techniques of data extraction, natural language processing and named entity recognition for converting unstructured information into the structured information
Bowman\u27s Paradox: An Empirical Application of Prospect-Theory-Based Risk-Return Relationship Risk Return Paradox: A case study of Pakistan
No full textThe objective of this research was to find out the Relationship between risk and return using bowman’s paradox with dividend payout ratio, size, market capitalization, tax and leverage. For analysis purpose, a sample of 75 listed financial and non-financial companies were taken out of 519 from Pakistan stock exchange (PSX) market. In this study, variables data was taken from the period of 2012-2022. Panel regression technique was used to analyze the relationship between risk dividend payout ratio, size, market capitalization, tax and leverage and return. Fixed effect model utilized because Hausman test show that fixed effect model is appropriate for this study. A negative relation was found between return, dividend payout ratio, market capitalization while positive relationship found between size, tax and leverage on risk of listed firms. This study supports the fact that risk and return of Pakistani listed financial and non-financial firms was relevant in determining for a sample of firms listed in the Pakistan Stock Exchange. This study was also showing that corporate return and risk was a key driver for the firms in the Pakistan