IBBU Journals (Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University)
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A MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS FOR THE CONTROL OF CHOLERA DYNAMIC IN A POPULATION
No full textIn this paper, a mathematical model for the cholera transmission dynamics was developed and thoroughly analyzed to better understand the spread of the disease. Our model incorporates some infected humans that recovered from infection, after the immunity wanes and individual still alive return to susceptible class again, vital (births and deaths ) dynamics and disease induced deaths. The basic reproduction number Ro was obtained which can be use to control the transmission dynamics of the disease and therefore the conditions for local and global stability of the disease free equilibrium was established
The Place of Manufacturing Industries in the Economy of Kaduna State, 1987- 2008
No full textThis paper studies the contributions of manufacturing industries to Kaduna State’s economy, 1987 - 2008. The paper reveals that almost all the industries in Kaduna State are located in Zaria and Kaduna urban centres. The study also shows that the locations of these industries in Kaduna and Zaria were influenced by government policy and market opportunities. For example, a high concentration of textile manufacturing industries in Kaduna, with just two in Zaria, and none in Soba, Maigana, or Saminaka, which are cotton-producing towns. Some of the major manufacturing industries in the State include Super Phosphate Fertiliser Company Ltd., National Oil and Chemical Company Ltd and Petro-chemical Company Ltd. There are other small to medium scale industries that are too numerous to list but are very important in providing portable equipment for rural dwellers’ use. In contrast, the manufacturing sector has been relatively stagnant and losing from 6 percent in 1985 to a range between 4 and 5 percent during the 1990-2007 period. Today, industry accounts for less than 2 percent of Kaduna State GDP. The industrial sector contribution to Kaduna GDP is lower than is expected given that Kaduna was the capital of Northern Nigeria and thus had a head start on other states in the northern part of the country. The paper outlines some measures that should be taken to improve the Kaduna manufacturing industries to contribute more to the state\u27s economic development. Against this background, the paper attempted to proffer a way forward and suggestions for arresting and reversing industrial decline and collapse in Kaduna State and Nigeria in general. The paper finally emphasized the importance of energy for industrial development and the need to address it squarely, especially in the area of energy generation, transmission, and distribution
Impact of Global Factors on Manufacturing Output Growth in Sub-Saharan Africa
No full textThis study examined the impact of global factors on manufacturing output growth in Sub-Saharan Africa. The study used annual panel data of forty (40) Sub-Sahara African countries from 1981 to 2019, constituting 38 observations for each country. The study employed secondary data obtained from World Bank’s World Development Indicators. The dynamic panel autoregressive distributed lag (PARDL) model was used through the pooled mean group (PMG), mean group (MG) and dynamic fixed effects (DFE) estimators. The findings of the study revealed that the only global factor that have significant impact on manufacturing output growth in Sub-Saharan Africa was foreign direct investment, which has a positive impact. The study concluded that, the inflow of foreign investment is vital to boosting manufacturing output in SSA countries. It therefore, recommended that policymakers in these countries should make efforts to attract further inflows of foreign capitals by ensuring a stable and business friendly economic environment through their macroeconomic policies of maintaining a low level of inflation and developing business-enhancing infrastructures
NUTRITIONAL VARIABILITY, EFFECTS AND SAFETY OF SMOKED MEAT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
No full textSmoked meat makes a valuable contribution to the diet in developing countries, because of its nutritional importance, as a source of protein, B-vitamin, iron, zinc and vitamin A and increased shelf-life of meat. Smoking of meat is not an absolute preserving method, the quality of raw material, the concentration of salt, heat through the smoking process, hygienic circumstances and heat of storage have important effects in reducing or increasing the risk of deterioration, as well as making the meat unsafe. The types of meat smoking includes, cold smoking, warm smoking, hot smoking, liquid smoke and smoke roasting. Nutritional variability in terms of percentage protein from different developing countries varies based on techniques of preparation and the extent of smoking involved. The effects of smoked meat processing includes the accumulation of potentially carcinogenic compounds such as phenanthrene, 2-methylnaphthalene, phenol, aldehydes, indene and naphthalene in smoked meat and certain microorganisms such as Salmonella species, Pseudomonas species , Staphylococcus species , Bacillus species and Proteus species, Streptococcus species and Escherichia coli. Thus, the presence of these contaminants in smoked meat calls for enhanced safety and standardization measures to mitigate these hazards. These measures include the use of clean utensils, safe drinking water for meat processing and adherence to the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point system. In addition, the quality of marketing conditions should be studied by producers for better understanding of changes in microbiological quality of the smoked meat during shelf-life
OPTIMIZATION OF BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM Parinarium macrophylum SEED OIL USING POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE LOADED ON CALCIUM OXIDE CATALYST
No full textThe present study was aimed at optimization of biodiesel production from Parinarium macrophylum seed oil by using potassium hydroxide loaded on calcium oxide and catalyst. The standard analytical methods of chemical analysis were use. A KOH/CaO catalyst was used as a solid base catalyst for biodiesel production via transesterification of P. macrophylum seed oil using the vessel. The catalytic activity of KOH/CaO is associated with the active phase (K2O) and basic properties. The catalysts were characterized by using BET, and SEM. The highest methyl ester content of 80% was obtained at 25 wt% K loading on CaO, methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 7:1, 1.6 wt% of catalyst, and at a stirrer speed of 300 rpm. Some biodiesel properties were investigated in accordance with ASTM specifications. P. macrophylum oil can be a potential feedstock for biodiesel production. Since the oil is non-edible and it will not interfere with the food chain. Modified CaO with potassium hydroxide showed high catalytic activity in a vessel, which produced a methyl ester content (over 80 %) under the certain conditions such as reaction temperature, reaction time, loading, methanol-to-oil molar ratio of catalyst, and stirrer speed
Recycling Leadership and Democratic Goal: Nigeria in Focus
No full textThis study investigated recycling leadership and democratic goal in the Nigerian context. Recycling leadership in Nigeria\u27s democracy has been attributed to the failure in achieving its expected goals such as by providing fewer infrastructures than expected. Trait theory was used to guide the study. A documentary method for sources of data was used with an emphasis onsecondary sources of data. Although critical analysis of the extant literature indicated that selfish desires of political leaders to wield powers and control the state apparatus, corruption, recycling of leaders, lack of political education and wrong interpretations of politics by the players and their admirers are responsible for leadership recycling issues in Nigeria and its inability to achieve the democratic goal to have and enjoy democratic principles as well as to discharge their constitutional duties. Based on this, the study finds out that political parties and other relevant civil societies vigorously pursued and conquer democratic goals, mass literacy, and education of the populace on the dividend that democratic goal should be considered as a necessity, than evading such expectations of the general public
Ethnic Pluralism and Cohesion in Nigeria: The Trajectory of Local Government Legislation
No full textThere has been a common view that there are more than 350 ethnic groups in Nigeria and the level of ethnic pluralism in some states such as Plateau, Kogi, Cross River, Kaduna, Rivers, Niger and Nasarawa is mindboggling. In these states, each local government has more than 20 different ethnic and socio-cultural groups with specific languages which in most cases made legislation and governance difficult. This ethnic pluralism and multiculturalism in each local government often result in conflict, economic doldrums, and under-development. However, little or no concerted effort has been made by relevant authorities, especially at the local government level, to convert these diversities into national strength and communal cohesion. In fact, on a contrary, the perceived lopsidedness in government appointments and body language of some high-ranking government officials on elements of criminality perpetuated by some groups of people threatens national unity the more. Religious fanaticism, political exclusiveness, tribal allegiance and ethnoreligious chauvinistic behaviours as we see today have reached a tipping point, and if not nipped in the bud, it is capable of balkanizing the entire country along these divisive traits. Therefore, the main thrust of this paper is to take a cursory look at how local government legislation can promote cohesion and unity among the multiethnic groups in Nigeria. This study explores the nexus between legislation and social cohesion in a heterogeneous local government system in Nigeria. It argues that promoting national unity and sustainable development in Nigeria is best achieved from the grassroots through conscientious local government legislation that deemphasises (but not ignore) ethno-religious sentiments and cultural divisions on one hand, and promotes inclusive political participation and social empowerment on the other hand
History of Some Selected Grain Markets and their Operations in Borno State
No full textThe article examines the growth and operations of some grain markets in Borno state. The study examined the growth and processes of five grain markets across the state. The markets are located in urban centres whereby they get grains from the surrounding areas. The study found that congestion in the conventional markets, the rise of urban centres, and the increase in population necessitated the emergence and growth of grain markets across the state. These markets serve as distribution centres of grains to other parts of the country. The study used the qualitative research method using primary and secondary sources of data collection
IMPACT OF HUMAN CAPITAL INVESTMENT ON FIRM\u27 S VALUE OF LISTED AGRIBUSINESS FIRMS IN NIGERIA
No full textABSTRACTThe study examined the impact of human capital investment on firm\u27s value of listed agribusiness firms in Nigeria, for the period 2011-2020. Human capital investment is the stock of competencies, knowledge and personality attributes embodied in the ability to perform labour so as to produce economic value. Or the investment people make in themselves or by their organizations that enhance their economic productivity. Human capital cost is proxies as directors remuneration and staff salaries and wages cost on firm value measured by Tobin\u27 s Q. the study adopts an ex post facto research design while panel multiple regression was used for analysis, it was found out that, Directors Remuneration has a negative and insignificant effect on Agribusiness in Nigeria. And Staff Salaries and Wages Costs has a negative and significant effect on firm value oflisted Agribusiness firms in Nigeria. Based on the findings of this study, it recommends that, Remuneration of Directors of listed Agribusiness firms should be tied to its profitability so as to attract commitment and performance from Directors of listed Agribusiness firms in Nigeria. This will leads to wealth maximization of shareholders. Secondly, the board and management of listed Agribusiness firms in Nigeria should design other incentives packages to motivate and enhance its workforce as oppose to relying on salaries and wages of Agribusiness firms in Nigeri
HELON HABILA\u27S OIL ON WATER AND CHIMAMANDA NGOZI ADICHIE\u27S PURPLE HIBISCUS THROUGH THE FIRST-WAVE ECOCRITICISM LENS
No full textThis paper is an ecocritical examination of Helon Habila\u27s Oil on Water and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie\u27s Purple Hibiscus through the first-wave ecocriticism lens. First-wave ecocriticism is a strand of ecocriticism - the literary study of nature - that explores nature in its pristiness, human harmony with nature and nature conservation in literature. The paper is a content analysis of the novels at the levels of the ecology. In Oil on Water, it is realised that despite the serious theme of ecological despoliation and oil war, there exists a pleasant relationship between some major characters in the novel and the natural environment. This is in respect to the characters\u27 attempt at nature conservation, appreciation of the beauty of nature and belief in its healing and redeeming powers. In Purple Hibiscus, it is revealed that the author shows her ecological sensibility by giving her text the title of an ecological element. The major characters in the novel exhibit their ecological consciousness by propagating and adoring the ecology. The paper concludes that the novels have captured reasonably the beauty of nature, attachment to place and ecological sensibility which fits into the philosophy of first-wave ecocriticism