IBBU Journals (Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University)
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Poverty Reduction Strategies: An Assessment of Development Initiatives in Africa
No full textThe objective of virtually all development initiatives in Africa is poverty reduction. The crippling challenge of poverty facing most African states is, by no means, a fresh one. However, the problem has assumed a disturbing dimension at the turn of the 21st Century, if we compare African states with emerging economies in the global south. The paper adopts functionalism as a theoretical framework due to the fact that African states have embraced the idea of integration, with African Union (AU) being a potential instrument of realising their d `evelopment aspirations. Relying on secondary sources of data collection, it sought to gain in-depth understanding of previous studies, in order to gain fresh insight and enriched perspectives. The paper examined selected continental and global development initiatives, as well as their impact towards achieving the goal of poverty reduction in Africa. While noting that political stability is a major precondition for economic growth, the paper noted that most African states are at sub-optimal level of economic performance because of high level of impunity among the political leadership, abuse of due process and failure to adhere to global best practices. The paper observed that the realities of the present interdependent world system dictate that there is no alternative to global partnership if African states are desirous to make a break from their stunted growth and vicious cycle of poverty. The paper recommends that African states need to re-tool and refine their development strategies along the Asian trajectory. It concludes that only an African consensus on the utility of an integration framework can help advance the goal of poverty reduction in the continent
Bank Performance: Do Political, Legal and Regulatory Institutional Reforms Matter?
No full textThis study sought to ascertain if political, legal, and regulatory factors influence the performance of Tanzania\u27s publicly traded commercial banks. A quantitative data was obtained from three major commercial banks notably CRDB, NMB, and NBC with a sample size of 120 employees of the commercial banks. The result from multiple regressions shows that political and regulatory reforms improved commercial banks\u27 operational performance. However, legal reforms had a significant negative impact on commercial bank operational performance. The study therefore recommends that commercial banks be politically flexible and adaptable to changing political regimes. Fiscal and monetary policies must be flexible. The central bank and ministry of finance and planning should regularly review regulations because they affect commercial bank performance, the research suggests. Legal reforms should be fair to commercial banks and their customers to avoid harming commercial bank performance
An Evaluation of the Performance of Residential Property Investments in Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
No full textThis study evaluated the performance of residential property investments in Minna, Niger State, Nigeria. Data for the study were collected through field survey from estate surveying and valuation firms which are active in the residential property market in Minna. Thus, a total of 382 residential investment properties were selected from the property portfolio of estate surveying and valuation firms in the city for the study. Variables utilised for the study include the capital value, annual expenses in form of taxes, rates, repairs etc. and annual rental value of 1-BR, 2-BR and 3-BR apartments for the period, 2009 – 2021 and analysed using analysis of variance, geometric mean and coefficient of variation. The findings indicate that the variance in total return for all residential investment property types across all the study locations is statistically significant, also the risk associated with this return varies according to the residential property investment types across all the locations considered in the study. The study recommends that prudent residential real estate investors in the city require impeccable pre-investment appraisal of residential property investments at all locations in the city before investing their capital, particularly if they are risk averse
GLOBALIZATION AND AFRICAN SECURITY: THE CHALLENGE OF NIGERIA\u27S UNGOVERNED SPACES
No full textNigeria is a vast country covering 924,000 square kilometers. The country shares border with Chad, Cameroon, Benin and Niger republic. Nigeria\u27s ungoverned areas are physical or nonphysical areas where there is absence of state capacity or political will to exercise control. These ungoverned territories are generally rugged, remote, maritime, or littoral areas not effectively governed by the sovereign state. It is imperative to note that the large stretch of Nigeria\u27s territorial spaces poses great challenge to the efforts of relevant security and law enforcement agencies. The objective of this article is to find out the challenges posed by Nigeria\u27s ungoverned spaces to its National security. Data was obtained through secondary sources. The findings of the study depict that Security challenges advanced by Nigeria\u27s ungoverned spaces have the damaging consequences which gives the signal to the rest of the international community that Nigeria is not a safe and secure place and as such not suitable for economic investment and activities. Therefore, the study recommends that Concerted effort should be made to develop the vast area of land usually tagged as \u27Government Reserve Areas\u27 by establishing Institutions, Military cantonments, industries, farm houses, resorts centers, etc. This will enable activities in those areas and will prevent retrogressive elements from using it as hideouts
EFFECTS OF FUEL SUBSIDY REMOVAL ON ECONOMY AND CITIZEN\u27S WELFARE IN NIGERIA
No full textNigeria is a country blessed with abundant natural resources especially crude oil, which plays crucial role in Nigerian economy since Independence in 1960 till date. However, since the enthronement of fourth republic in 1999, one of the most complex socio economic policy issue in Nigeria remains the issue of fuel subsidy removal. The decision to out rightly removed th fuel subsidy on May 29 , 2023 increased petrol price from N184 per litre to N650 per litre, and ignited series debates among Nigerians nationwide and abroad. This study therefore examined the effects of the fuel subsidy removal on citizen\u27s welfare and its overall impacts on the Nigerian economy. The methodology employed in the study is descriptive design and content analysis method. The study noted that the citizens especially the poor are suffering more in form of higher transport fare and increased price of food items and other essential commodities, yet, government argued that fuel subsidy removal is in the overall interest of the Nigerian economy, insisting that funds saved from subsidy removal will be channeled to improving infrastructural facilities especially in education, transport, heath sectors and free the economy from incessant price distortions, corruption and inefficiencies. The study recommends among others; honesty, transparency and accountability by the government in expending the funds saved from fuel subsidy removal to instill good governance, improve infrastructure, increase wages of workers, tax exemptions for low income earners and agro allied small businesses, immediate rehabilitation of moribund refineries, introduction of auto gas to reduce transportation costs, and creation of transparent social welfare programmes that will ameliorate the negative effect of the fuel subsidy removal on average citizen of Nigeria
CHALLENGES AND IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGIES OF THE THIRD NATIONAL FADAMA DEVELOPMENT POLICY IN NIGER STATE, NIGERIA
No full textThe study identified the implementation strategies adopted by the National Fadama Development III Project and the constraints encountered by the Fadama III beneficiaries in Niger State. The study adopted the collective action theory. The mixed method of data collection was adopted with primary data collected from structured questionnaires, interview of purposively selected Key informants spread across Niger State. Focus group discussion (FGD) was done with Fadama III beneficiaries at the Fadama community associations (FCAs) levels. A total number of four hundred (400) respondents formed the sample size from the study population of eight thousand, three hundred and eighty-six (8,396) beneficiaries. The Community Driven Development (CCD) Strategy was adopted and the beneficiaries were included in the implementation of the program, the study further discovered that the beneficiaries were on few instances neglected which led to negative results like untimely distribution of input, insufficient farm machines, poor road networks, herdsmen and insufficient funds are some of the major challenges faced by the beneficiaries. Subsequent agricultural programmes should make available farm inputs in time, provide farm machines, take the business of road construction serious, the government should also take the issue of grazing grounds serious.The Community Driven Development Strategy (CDD) should be adopted in subsequent rural development programmes
THE EFFECT OF INSECURITY ON AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES IN MUNYA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF NIGER STATE, NIGERIA
No full textMunya Local Government is fraught with violent conflicts, chaos, anarchy and disorderliness. These problems precipitated the desire to embark on this research. This study concentrated on the effect of insecurity on agricultural activities in Munya Local Government Area in Niger State, Nigeria. The objectives are set to highlight the causes of insecurity in Niger State and also to proffer solutions on how to address the issues of insecurity in Munya Local Government, Niger State and Nigeria in general. The Survey Research Design was adopted. Data were generated through interview of key informants, focus group discussion and observation. Under the secondary method data were collected through internet, Journals, books, Newspapers and other documented materials relevant to the study. The study adopted the Democratic Peace Theory to explain the effect of insecurity. Findings revealed that insecurity is an important factor affecting agricultural activities in Nigeria. Based on the findings, it was concluded that rapid growth of agricultural activities can only be possible when the menace of insecurity is halted. The study, therefore, recommended that Government need to encourage, support, equip and improve the local vigilantes; the government should provide employment opportunities to the teeming youth; the government should set up security measures to curb themenace; security management should be enshrined in the school curriculum and the government should rehabilitate the Sarkin-Pawa Pol-Waya road, these will enable the farmers to concentrate on their farms thereby leading to better yield in their crops for a better economy
THE MODERATING ROLE OF TAX COMPLEXITY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TAX RATE, PENALTY, DETECTION PROBABILITY AND PERSONAL INCOME TAX EVASION IN NIGERIA: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
No full textExtant Literature revealed a low level of tax compliance due to high increase in tax evasion among individual in Nigeria. Tax evasion issues create extensive debate among policymakers globally. Due to the importance of taxes to the Nigerian economy, this study designs a framework to serve as a policy tool to reduce tax evasion among personal income taxpayers. The framework is based on economic deterrence theory which comprises tax rate, penalty detection probability and personal income tax evasion.Additionally, tax complexity served as the moderating variable between the exogenous variable and the endogenous construct. If validated, the framework would provide more meaningful insight on the causative agent of tax evasion in Nigeria. Nigerian policymakers would benefit immensely from the study if finally conducted as it would help the government to reduce the level of tax evasion, thereby increasing the government revenue. The proposed framework will be empirically examined via collection andanalysis of the relevant data
EFFECT OF PUBLIC PROCUREMENT ACT 2007 ON THE TRANSPARENCY AND COST EFFECTIVENESS OF PROCUREMENT OF GOODS AND SERVICES IN NATIONAL INSURANCE COMMISSION ABUJA, NIGERIA
No full textThe Public Procurement Act (PPA) is a critical legislative instrument designed to promote transparency, efficiency, and accountability in the procurement process across Nigerian public institutions. This study investigates the effect of the Public Procurement Act on the procurement of goods and services within the National Insurance Commission (NAICOM) in Abuja, Nigeria. The study adopted Ladder of Accountability Theory by Steward. The study gathered quantitative data through structured questionnaires distributed to employees of NAICOM and key stakeholders involved in the procurement of goods and services. The study findings revealed that the Public Procurement Act 2007 has a significant impact on the transparency of procurement processes for goods and services in National Insurance Commission (NAICOM) in Abuja, Nigeria, and the implementation of the Public Procurement Act 2007 has a significant influence on the costeffectiveness of goods and services procured by the National Insurance Commission (NAICOM) in Abuja, Nigeria. The study recommends that NAICOM should address the issue of undue external influence and strengthen measures to safeguard the integrity of their procurement processes
EFFECT OF BANDITRY ON EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN NIGER STATE
No full textThis paper examines the effect of banditry on educational development of Niger State. Development of this education can be achieve only in an environment of peace and harmony. It is not a hidden fact that Niger State is under severe security threat occasioned by banditry and kidnapping and other form of security challenges which affected educational development in the state. This paper relied on documentary method to analyzed its data.However, the paper used telcott person\u27s model of structural functionalism which is traceable to the work of HerbertSpencer (1869), the theory was chosen on the basis of its arguments that society is made up of groups and institutions which constitutes the whole. It states further that each of these institutions that formed the society playsa part for the survival of the system. The paper found out that the incidence of banditry has greatly affected students\u27 performance, enrolment and attendance,and thereby concludesthat, the problems of banditry is traceable to the problem of unemployment among citizens, injustice by those in position of authority, porous nature of Nigerian borders, poor motivation of security agents among others. It recommends measures in arresting the menace of banditry in the state, Government boarding schools in the affected communities should be converted to day secondary schools to encourage students attendance as mostly bandits operate in these communities at night,government should embark on enlightenment campaign when schools are reopened assuring the students, staff and parents of the safety of the students and staff so that they can concentrate on the normal academic activities which will leads to improvement in student\u27s performance,government should strengthen security personnel\u27s by providing them with sophisticated weapon to enable them confront bandits in other restore peace in this affected communities so that schools that are shut down can be reopened which will give opportunity to those children that could not attend school as a result of closure of schools,government should as matter of fact provides standby security in every school located in most of these affected communities as these will reduce fear and anxiety among the students and also encourage them to attend school regularly without any fear