IBBU Journals (Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University)
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AN ANALYSIS OF THE COMPLIANCE OF COURTS MARTIAL IN THE NIGERIAN MILITARY WITH THE RIGHT TO AN AUTONOMOUS AND UNBIASED TRIBUNAL
No full textThis paper critically examined the compliance of the courts martial in Nigerian Military to the right to an autonomous and unbiased tribunal. Courts martial in Nigeria appear not to have the fundamental criteria necessary to ensure the right to an autonomous and objective tribunals. Courts martial in Nigeria significantly do not meet the fundamental criteria necessary for ensuring the right to an impartial and autonomous body. Firstly, they lack enough protections to ensure their institutional autonomy, particularly from the military hierarchy. Secondly, the judge advocates assigned to courts-martial lack sufficient security of tenure. The judge advocates, prosecutors, and all staff of the courts martial are selected by the very same convening authority and lack financial security. Fourthly, they are likewise governed by military discipline, assessment, and their career advancement. Furthermore, often the members of the courts martial, including the president, lack the necessary legal expertise to adjudicate difficult matters. To rectify these shortcomings, several recommendations are proposed, including the removal of the authority to appoint judge advocates and court members from a single individual, the appointment of civilian judges to preside over courts martial to be assisted by military assessors among others
ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION FOR YOUTH EMPOWERMENT IN NIGERIAN UNIVERSITIES: FROM THEORY TO PRACTICE
No full textThe concerted efforts by Nigerian government to create employment and empowerment through entrepreneurship education in higher educational institutions as well as various empowerment programmes have not yielded expected result as the rate of employment has continued to rise yearly. This may not be unconnected to the theoretical approach as against practical approach been used by the government to drive its entrepreneurship education policies and programmes. The objective of this study therefore, is to investigate why entrepreneurship programmes amongst Nigerian universities are still theoretically dominated instead of practical. A survey design was adopted to collect primary and secondary data from a population of 80141 and a sample of 400 which was determined using Taro Yamane (1976) formula. The population comprised 5 entrepreneurship teaching staff and 25041 students of Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University, Lapai, 8 entrepreneurship teaching staff and 29321 students of Federal University of Technology, Minna, and 5 entrepreneurship teaching staff of and 25751 students of Nasarawa State University, Keffi. Data were presented and analyzed using simple percentage, Statistical Packages for Social Sciences and chi-square. Findings from the study revealed that various entrepreneurship programmes and centers exist in the selected universities with 40% score being allocated to practical and 60% for examinations indicating more emphasis on theory rather than practical. The study concluded that more practical there is significant impact of more practical than theory in entrepreneurship education if employment generation and empowerment. More entrepreneurship centers and workshops should be established in Nigerian universities andmore emphases should be placed on practical than theory
Historical Overview of Customs Administration in Nigeria Since 1861
No full textIn recent times, customs administration has undergone tremendous transformation, moving from trade transactions for revenue purposes to trade facilitation, protection of society and security of the international supply chain due largely to globalization. These changes are also reflected in the regulatory responsibilities of the Nigeria Customs Service (NCS). Despite this development, this theme ranks among the neglected aspects of the economic and administrative history of Nigeria. Using qualitative data and content analysis, this study traces the evolutionary trajectory of customs administration and represents an attempt to assess the extent to which the NCS has contributed to development in Nigeria. The article argues that customs administration has been influenced by changes in policies and methods through time, which is a reflection of the adaptation of customs department to existing realities at national and global levels. However, Nigeria has failed to attain optimal benefits from the operations of the agency due largely to the granting of undue waivers, inadequate infrastructure and corruption, among others
Aesthetics of Oral Performance in Akeem Lasisi and Niyi Osundare’s Poetry: An Appraisal of “Ọnarebu (Price)” and “Not in my Season of Songs”
No full textPoetry occupies a predominant position in Yoruba oral performance tradition and continually manifests in distinctively changing forms. One such distinct form is performance poetry, which, due to its highly adaptive nature, yields to diverse oral performative presentations. Earlier works done on this characteristically oral manifestation of poetry have concentrated on themes and aesthetics, with little attention paid to processes of the oral delivery itself, particularly as deployed by individual poets. This study is, therefore, designed to examine oral performance processes by two Yoruba poets, Niyi Osundare and Akeem Lasisi, with a view to determining how their approaches have changed the Yoruba oral performance’s poetic tradition and constituted important means of its continuity. The interpretive design is utilised. One poem each of Niyi Osundare and Akeem Lasisi is purposively selected based on their richness in Yoruba oral performance characteristics. Data are subjected to literary analysis. Niyi Osundare and Akeem Lasisi’s poetic compositions are basically characterised by a strong musical ambience which often manifests in songs, dance with the accompaniment of various musical instruments, notably, Yoruba drums. Other performance-oriented characteristics common to both poets are performer-audience interaction, call-and-response strategies, chanting, code-switching, witticisms, as well as uniquely inventive Yoruba-inspired English neologisms
Insecurity in the Borderland of Jibia Local Government Area, Katsina State
No full textInsecurity has become a global phenomenon affecting both developed and developing countries, though it is much more prevalent in developing countries, especially those on the continent of Africa. One of the areas where insecurity prevails is the borderland due mainly to the activities of armed groups and border security forces in their attempts to carry out their operations. This paper examines insecurity in the borderland of Jibia Local Government Area of Katsina State. The methodology employed to collect data for the research is through field visits to the borderland to observe the physical and human settings in relation to security. There is also the use of Focus Group Discussion to discuss the insecurity in the borderland by ten persons in six groups from both the Daddara and Jibia districts. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the data. The results show that the borderland faces the insecurity arising from banditry and the operation of the border security forces. The results further show that the impacts of the forms of insecurity include loss of lives and injuries, destruction of properties, constraint to farming activities, and rustling of cattle and ruminants, among others. These are occurring in spite of the localized efforts to tackle the insecurity. Therefore, the study recommends that the local communities, the local government, the state government, and indeed the federal government work hard to reduce the insecurity in the borderland
Assessing Social Media’s Influence on Peter Obi’s Campaign during the 2023 Presidential Election in the Federal Capital Territory of Nigeria
No full textThis study examines the strategic use of social media platforms by Peter Obi, the Labour Party candidate, during Nigeria\u27s 2023 presidential election in Abuja, the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) of Nigeria. Employing a quantitative survey design, data were collected from 370 respondents across the FCT\u27s six area councils to evaluate platform effectiveness, voter engagement and challenges. Results revealed Twitter, now X (39%) and Facebook (32%) as the dominant channels for disseminating campaign messages, with 76% of respondents rating the campaigns as practical or very effective. Social media significantly influenced youth mobilisation, with 85% agreeing it bolstered Obi\u27s candidacy through relatable content on unemployment, education and corruption. However, challenges such as misinformation (25%), hate speech (28%) and cybersecurity threats (10%) undermined credibility. The study underscores social media\u27s transformative role in Nigerian politics, enabling direct voter interaction and agenda-setting while exposing vulnerabilities to digital risks. Recommendations include diversifying platform usage, enhancing fact-checking mechanisms and implementing ethical regulations to balance free expression and accountability. These findings highlight the dual-edged impact of social media in democratising political participation and amplifying electoral risks, offering insights for future campaign strategies in digitally evolving democracies
Assessment of Public Relations Strategies Employed by All Progressive Congress During the 2023 Presidential Campaign in FCT, Abuja
No full textWidespread distrust in Nigerian politics, combined with cultural diversity and misinformation, poses serious challenges for political communication. This study examines how the All Progressives Congress (APC) used public relations (PR) strategies during the 2023 presidential campaign in Abuja to address these issues. Using a quantitative survey methods, data were gathered from 400 respondents—including APC staff, volunteers, and residents across Abuja’s six area councils. The findings show that the APC relied heavily on digital media, grassroots mobilisation, and public rallies to shape public perception and engage voters. Crisis communication was also used to manage controversies and protect the party’s image. However, problems such as internal party conflict, cultural and religious divides, poor digital infrastructure, and misinformation weakened the impact of these strategies. While the campaign\u27s PR efforts were largely effective, especially in line with the Elaboration Likelihood Model and Social Identity Theory, gaps in transparency and responsiveness remain. The study recommends stronger digital infrastructure, better internal coordination, and culturally inclusive messaging to improve future campaign strategies in Nigeria’s fragmented political environment
FROM RURAL GRAZING AREA (RUGA) TO NATIONAL LIVESTOCK TRANSFORMATION PLAN (NLTP): A MERE CHANGE OF NAME OR REINCARNATION
No full textPolitical and social instability in numerous African countries has exacerbated conflicts, particularly between farmers and herders, driven by resource competition and environmental degradation. In Nigeria, the escalation of farmer-herder conflict has led to widespread displacement, increased food prices and security challenges. Government interventions such as the Rural Grazing Area (RUGA) and National Livestock Transformation Plan (NLTP) policieshave faced scrutiny, prompting a comparative analysis to evaluate their effectiveness and public reception. This study examines the RUGA policy and its alternative, the NLTP, in Nigeria using historical methodology and secondary data, including interviews and national newspapers. RUGA policy was introduced in 2018 to mitigate farmer-herder conflicts; the policy encountered significant opposition due to perceived socio-political implications and a lack of stakeholder consultation. It is argued that it favoured the Fulani ethnic group and could exacerbate ethnic tensions, eliciting mixed public reactions. In contrast, the NLTP aimed to modernise livestock management and enhance productivity through a phased transition from open grazing to ranching. Despite its comprehensive approach focusing on stakeholder engagement, conflict resolution, humanitarian relief and economic development, the NLTP also faced scepticism, with some perceiving it as a rebranded RUGA policy. Findings from the study underscored thesignificant public debate and resistance both policies generated and emphasised the complexities of addressing farmer-herder conflicts in Nigeria. The study concludes that inclusiveness of stakeholder engagement, transparent communication, and addressing underlying socio-political concerns are necessary. It advocates for a balanced approach to promote sustainable livestock management practices across ethnic groups
HISTORY OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION, FITNESS AND SPORTS ACROSS EUROPE CONTINENT (AMERICA)
No full textPhysical education can be defined as a process that involves the development of an individual’s physical, mental, emotional abilities through various physical activities, exercise, and sports. The aim of physical education is for overall fitness, health and well-being of the individual. Physical Education is an education which brings improvement in human performance with the help of physical activities. Physical activities range from simple walking to jogging, running, sprinting, hopping, jumping, climbing, throwing, pushing, pulling, kicking, etc. Education without physical activities is like body without soul. There is no controversy in giving due place to physical education and different forms of exercises in the total set-up of education. All teachings in human education begin with physical education. Physical education is also considered as movement education as the life begins from movement only. In general life is characterized by movement. The movement starts from the birth of a child, till the end of life. Therefore, this paper reviewed a brief history of physical education in some nations across the Europe continents This paper lays the foundation for the involvement of physical education of all levels of development and specialization
AN ASSESSMENT OF THE 2011 POST-PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION VIOLENCE IN NORTHWESTERN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF KADUNA METROPOLIS
No full textThis paper is a critical and objective assessment of the 2011 Post-Presidential Election Violence in Northwestern Nigeria with particular reference to Kaduna Metropolis. The place and significance of election in ensuring smooth transition from one government to another in any given society cannot in any way be underestimated. However, despite the improvements in the electoral process by INEC, there were still incidents of violence, hijacking and stealing of ballot boxes by party thugs, inflation of results and reports of police misconduct, particularly in southeastern Nigeria where official results in the presidential election in some rural areas recorded close to a 100 percent voter turnout. Oral interviews played vital role in carrying out this study because it is within the contemporary period and hence, the actors and factors that have shaped the events in question are so much around. In addition, secondary sources like books, journals and online resources were also perused. Thus, this paper argues that though this met with the rather tensed situation in Kaduna metropolis (an area that has experienced series of ethnoreligious violence – the last one being in 2002), it is discovered that these violent politicallyrelated conflicts and crises have brought about wanton destruction of human and material resources, population dislocation as well as the continuous search for common identity by the diverse people of the metropolis and the state at large leading to the final segregation of the town between a Christian dominated south and Muslim dominated north. However, continuous interfaith dialogue, provision of government facilities and infrastructures including housing where people irrespective of their faith could reside, an overhaul of the Nigerian justice system, implementations of reports of committees of inquiry among other things would go a long way in fostering unity and harmonious co-existence