PUP Research Journals (Polytechnic University of the Philippines)
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Ka[likha]san: Sining at Kalikasan sa mga likha ni Junyee (Ka[likha]san: Art and Nature in Junyee\u27s creations)
Full text linkThis paper is a qualitative study focusing on some of Junyee’s featured installation art. Study put emphasis on the value of materials from nature and the environment in the creation of art (installation art) and nature as a space for environmental education. Including how nature as an organic material (such as bamboo, leaves, tree branches, etc.) in the creation of art, has a natural meaning in discussing nature as a social issue. It also presented perspective against the stand of using western materials, such as oleo, paint on canvas. Adding to this, the study highlighted the significance of how nature as a space and/or art gallery could strongly opposed to the view that so-called art is only in museums and galleries
Forecasting the Impact of COVID-19 on the Household Final Consumption Expenditure (HFCE) in the Philippines
Full text linkThe Household Final Consumption Expenditure (HFCE) is a significant component of the Philippine economy. The term "HFCE" refers to families\u27 spending on necessities such as food and drink, clothing, shelter, and health care. The gathered data from this study covers the country’s quarterly HFCE from 2001-2021. The study used various forecasting methods, including Triple Exponential Smoothing, Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (SARIMA), and TBATS in modeling time series data to depict the effects of COVID-19 on the country’s HFCE Growth Rate. The best model to predict the quarterly HFCE growth rate from 2022 to 2026 was identified using error metrics, particularly RMSE, MSE, and MAE. The SARIMA model had the lowest combined error of the train and test set, marking it as the best model for predicting the HFCE growth rate. Moreover, the HFCE growth rate was also predicted using various machine learning regression algorithms (SVR, XGBoost, and kNN), with a variety of economic indicators as the independent variables, including the inflation rate, unemployment rate, import of goods growth rate, import of services growth rate, export of goods growth rate, and export of services growth rates. The results of error metrics showed that SVR was the best regression algorithm for predicting the Philippines’ quarterly HFCE Growth Rate. The findings of this study indicate that as COVID-19 spread over the country, the HFCE growth rate dramatically decreased. Therefore, models used to predict the HFCE growth rate over the next five years are significantly impacted using historical data, including the years when COVID-19 occurred
Awareness Level and Training Needs of Teachers Toward Inclusive Education
Full text linkThis study aimed to determine the level of awareness and training needs of teachers toward inclusive education. Respondents of this study were 62 randomly selected teachers of JPES and JNCHS. Statistical tools employed were mean, standard deviation, t-test, analysis of variance, and Pearson’s r. The level of awareness of teachers toward inclusive education was high as an entire group and when grouped according to sex, educational affiliation, and years of teaching experience. Baccalaureate graduates showed only minimal awareness compared to respondents with units for a master’s or doctorate. No significant differences in the level of awareness were noted across other categories of variables. Generally, the training needs of teachers on concepts, identifying needs/difficulty of students and their causes, instructional strategies and approaches, and assessment strategies were average. A moderately high training need was found among elementary school teachers while an average among high school teachers. Low training needs were found for teachers taking up a doctorate. Elementary and secondary teachers differ significantly in their training needs in different aspects of inclusive education. There was no correlation between the level of awareness and training needs of teachers toward inclusive education on concepts, identifying needs/difficulty of students and its causes, instructional strategies and approaches, and assessment strategies
SA HARAP NG MGA ANINO NG KAMATAYAN AT PAGWAWAGI: In the Face of the Shadows of Death and Winning
Full text linkSetyembre ngayong taon, pumanaw si Fredric Jameson, Amerikanong iskolar at makapangyarihang tinig ng Marxistang pagsusuri sa panitikan, kultura, at kasaysayan. Bilang isa sa mga pangunahing intelektuwal-kritiko ng ating panahon, hindi lamang tiningnan ni Jameson ang panitikan bilang mabunyi at kapitapitagang anyo/lunan ng sining—para sa kaniya, isa itong masalimuot na produkto at entablado ng mga puwersang panlipunan at pampulitika.
Sa kanyang aklat na Postmodernism, or, the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism (1991), halimbawa, binatikos niya ang postmodernismo bilang isang yugto ng kulturang hinubog ng huling tungki ng kapitalismo. Kay Jameson, sa ilalim ng postmodernismo, sa udyok ng kapitalismo, binaklas at inalis ang kakayahan ng sining na mag-ukol ng kritikal at lantay na alternatibo—o ng utopyang maaaring pagsilip at pagtupad sa posibilidad ng hihigit/papalit sa kasakuluyan nating realidad.
Lagi itong panahon ng kawalang-katiyakan, kung kaya’t lagi rin itong paghamon na lingunin at usisain ang kasaysayan at maghanap ng mga bagong direksyon. Deklarasyon ni Jameson: "Always historicize!"—isang pagbabalik-tanaw at pagsusuri ng bawat anyo ng kultura sa konteksto ng panlipunang istruktura.
Sa kanyang paglisan, naiwang nakabitin ang mga tanong: Ano ang hinaharap ng sining sa panahong lumalalim ang kapitalistang panggigipit? Paano natin mababasa ang mundo, kung ang lahat, lagi, ay palatandaan ng isang sistemang tila hindi matatakasan
TRABAHO, TRABAHO LANG: ANG PAGPAPAIKLI SA HABA NG TRABAHO BILANG PANIMULANG HAKBANG TUNGO SA UTOPIA: Work, Just Work: Shortening Work Hours as a First Step Toward Utopia
Full text linkTinatalakay ng papel na ito ang pananaw sa paggawa ni Nietzsche at inihahambing ito sa iba’t ibang teksto mula sa Latina Amerika at Pilipinas. Gamit ang mga gawa nina Luna Sicat-Cleto, Jun Cruz Reyes, Rolando Tolentino, at Ramon Guillermo, sinisiyasat sa papel ang penomenon ng trabaho. Binabatikos dito ang pagtingin sa trabaho bilang batis ng kahulugan at kasiyahan sa buhay at tinatalakay ang utopian na ideya ng pagpapaikli ng oras ng trabaho sa isang kritikal na diyalogo sa akdang Overtime nina Stronge at Lewis. Ang trabaho mismo, ang pangangailangang magtrabaho para mabuhay, ang problema, kahit na ang trabaho ay magaan at masaya.
This paper discusses Nietzsche\u27s perspective on labor and compares it with various texts from Latin America and the Philippines. Utilizing the works of Luna Sicat-Cleto, Jun Cruz Reyes, Rolando Tolentino, and Ramon Guillermo, the paper examines the phenomenon of work. It critiques the view of work as a source of meaning and fulfillment in life and engages in a critical dialogue with Stronge and Lewis\u27s work Overtime to explore the utopian idea of reducing working hours. The paper argues that work itself—the necessity to labor in order to live—is the problem, even if the work is light and enjoyable
OF TEXT, STYLE, AND METHOD: EDEL GARCELLANO’S DIALECTICAL CRITICISM
Full text linkIn his essay entitled Philippine Hermeneutics and the Kingpins of the Hill poet, fictionist, and critic Edel Garcellano talks about the “depoliticization of literary discourse” which, he says, serves as “a strategic/tactical interpellation to allow certain modes of unity and, in effect, certain philosophies to function as though literature were outside social, economic and political imperatives in human discourses” (59). This line underscores not only the apparent failure of dominant modes of critical practice to address exigent literary issues but also the systematic marginalization of Marxist/ dialectical criticism in favor of the “non-ideological” methods of textual analysis such as American Formalism/New Criticism whose logic of operation is best exemplified in T.S. Eliot’s essay The Function of Criticism (1923), where he explains that the role of the critic is “the elucidation of works of art and the correction of taste” (24). French philosopher and literary theorist Pierre Macherey, in his book, A Theory of Literary Production, calls those who share Eliot’s dictum as “technicians of taste,” and exposes a fundamental flaw in the interventions of critics who perform their textual readings with the idea of correcting artistic taste in mind, primarily, by sticking to defining and explicating, they necessarily fail to engage in the production of knowledge: “in the attempt to define the average realities of taste they are always inevitably mistaken because their work evades rationality and does not produce a knowledge in the strict sense of the word” (14). Furthermore, Macherey argues that such a form of criticism “treats literature as a commodity” and hence, could only but establish “rules of consumption” (14).
While Edel Garcellano was not the first and certainly not the last critic to go against the New Critical tide and combat the critical formulations of the so called “technicians of taste,” his sustained engagements with the works of the leading proponents of belles lettres is significant because his critiques take the form of highly theoretical, politically reflexive, and most of the time defiant and belligerent critical essays that sadly elicited from his contemporaries not similarly theoretical ripostes but outright silence.
This paper is an attempt to engage with Garcellano’s critical oeuvre by examining the following: his notion of the text (the object of literary analysis) vis-a-vis the formalist notion of the text, the writing style prevalent in his works, and the possibility that as a committed critic who has produced four books of criticism in his more than three decades of practice, a programmatic method of literary criticism could be derived from his critical project which could help guide the new generation of literary critics and even casual readers in their foray into the locus of literary production and interpretation
Communicative Behavior in Sharing COVID-19 Safety Health Protocols: The Filipino Mothers’ Experience
Full text linkThis study explored the communicative behavior of Filipino mothers in sharing COVID-19 precautions with the members of their respective households. The objectives of this study are also presented in this paper highlighting the process of information sharing, through individuals’ behavior, to their family members. This study utilized qualitative research design through focus interviews anchoring on the concept of Grounded Theory. The informants of this study were selected through a convenience sampling approach – these are five mothers based in Quezon City, Philippines.
The study revealed themes highlighting the significance of Barangay Communication in acquiring information; the practice of Personal Hygiene Observation and Vitamin Consumption in preventing/ minimizing COVID-19 contraction; the communicative behavior of mothers, highlighting the importance of Staying indoors instructions, Watching News as a Companion, Conveying COVID Repercussions, and Reading Friends’ Admonition; and Responses and Actions stating the Adherence for Prevention done by their family members.
Tungo sa Intelektuwalisasyon ng Wikang Pambansa: Isang Panayam kay Dr. Fortunato B. Sevilla III ukol sa Potensiyal ng Filipino bilang Wika ng mga Siyentipikong Talakayan (Towards the Intellectualization of the National Language: An Interview with Dr. Fortunato B. Sevilla III on the Potential of Filipino as a Language of Scientific Discussions)
Full text linkOne crucial aspect of language development is intellectualization. This process is essential for facilitating effective communication and sharing knowledge with a wide audience. Therefore, when it comes to the intellectualization of a national language, it is vital for it to be utilized across all fields and disciplines. Dr. Fortunato B. Sevilla III, a distinguished Professor Emeritus at the University of Santo Tomas (UST), has been a strong advocate for the intellectualization of the Filipino language. His contributions range from teaching Chemistry using conversational Filipino to conducting scientific interviews. An in-depth analysis of Dr. Sevilla’s experiences with the use of Filipino in the field of Chemistry sheds light on the implications of intellectualizing the Filipino language for the advancement of scientific culture in the country
Reflections on Misogyny and Women Doing Philosophy in the Philippines
Full text linkIn this paper, I argue that despite the prominent and progressive structure of the discipline of philosophy, it is not exempt from the perpetuation of the gender-based form of oppression. The fortunate ratio of women doing philosophy today obscures the extent to which misogyny is seen and felt. Even in what seems to be a gender-egalitarian setting like academia, the subtle, indirect, and sometimes unintentional verbal and behavioral offenses against women function as a mechanism of systemic oppression. It is a manifestation of the restrained form of misogyny that enforces the hierarchical, patriarchal order in academia. In this light, I have three goals in mind. The first is to initiate a conversation about misogyny in academia further; the second is to better understand the lived experiences of misogyny and sexism of Filipina Philosophers through the work of Kate Manne—the logic of misogyny; and the third is to reflect upon the importance of the foundation of the Women Doing Philosophy group in the Philippines and their response against misogyny
Investigation on the effects of radiographic image quality attributes on the performance of convolutional neural networks (CNNS) in detecting COVID-19
Full text linkRadiographic image quality is one of the factors that impacts professionals’ decisions when diagnosing lung diseases using X-ray images. Hence, poor radiographic image quality could result in a misleading diagnosis affecting the person being investigated. This is true in human vision, as well as the computer vision. This study investigated the effects of different radiographic image quality attributes (i.e., contrast, Gaussian blur, Gaussian noise, and salt-and-pepper noise) on the performance of various Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) models. We use COVID-19 x-ray data as an initiative to the pandemic, apply different radiographic image quality attributes, and test the performance of CNN models in the effects of the attributes in the classification task. The results showed the following: (i) increasing levels of experimented noises (i.e., Gaussian and salt-and-pepper noise) rapidly decreases the performance of the models with no sign of resiliency; (ii) decreasing contrast appears to be beneficial at some particular level (e.g., contrast factor = 3); and (iii) increasing Gaussian blur decreases the performance of models but less rapidly than that of noises. As a conclusion, increasing noise like Gaussian and salt-and-pepper noise can be considered as a hindrance to the performance of CNNs while decreasing contrast and increasing Gaussian blur seemed to be beneficial especially if applied for data augmentation or enhancement techniques as the performance of the CNNs were observed to be more resilient against these two attributes than that of noises