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VJERSKI PRIJELAZI S PRAVOSLAVNE NA RIMOKATOLIČKU VJEROISPOVIJEST U NDH (1941. - 1945.) NA PODRUČJU ARHIĐAKONATA SVETAČJE (NOVSKA, NOVA GRADIŠKA, ORIOVAC)
Get PDFAutor u radu donosi podatke o vjerskim prijelazima s pravoslavne na rimokatoličku vjeroispovijest između 1941. i 1945. godine na području arhiđakonata Svetačje koji se prostire na području Novske, Nove Gradiške i Oriovca. Središnji dio teksta posvećen je statističkim podacima o vjerskim prijelazima s pravoslavne na rimokatoličku vjeroispovijest između 1941 i 1945. prikupljenim u Nadbiskupijskom arhivu u Zagrebu te primjerima takvih vjerskih prijelaza. Ne postoje točni podaci o tome koliko je bilo vjerskih prijelaza, ali broj od 11.163 podnesenih molbi u korelaciji s brojem stanovnika pravoslavne vjeroispovijesti govori o brojnosti te pojave. Po brojnosti njih na području Zagrebačke nadbiskupije dostižu samo vjerski prijelazi na području Banije (osobito okolica Dvora), pojedine župe u okolici Požege te župe u okolici Voćina
Material Well-Being - an Objective Dimension of the Rural Population Life Quality. The Municipality of Gornja Rijeka
Get PDFU radu se analizira drugi1 dio rezultata empirijskog istraživanja provedenog u
naseljima općine Gornja Rijeka, čiji je cilj bio proširiti spoznaje o uvjetima koji određuju
kvalitetu života stanovništva ruralnih područja Hrvatske. Prema definiciji Cumminsa
(1997.), materijalno blagostanje jedan je od temeljnih kompozitnih pokazatelja ukupne
kvalitete života. Za potrebe ovoga rada mjereno je pitanjima o kvaliteti stanovanja,
opremljenosti stanova elementarnom infrastrukturom i trajnim potrošnim dobrima,
materijalnim stanjem (prihodima) kućanstva i ulozi poljoprivrede kao temeljne gospodarske
grane u ukupnoj materijalnoj slici ruralnog kućanstva. Za potrebe istraživanja
2012. godine provedena je anketa na uzorku od 170 ispitanika u dobi od 18 do 60
godina, s podjednakim brojem muškaraca i žena.
U hrvatskom selu 1960-ih godina započinje modernizacija u području stanovanja
izgradnjom komunalne infrastrukture, značajnim poboljšanjem u kvaliteti izgradnje
kuća, povećanjem stambenog prostora, ali i usvajanjem modernih sredstava za rad u kućanstvu. Veličina stambenog prostora, opremljenost kućanstava elementarnom
infrastrukturom i trajnim potrošnim dobrima u naseljima općine Gornja Rijeka na zadovoljavajućoj
je razini i može se mjeriti s onom u gradskim sredinama.
Materijalno stanje kućanstava u općini Gornja Rijeka nije zadovoljavajuće jer više od
pola kućanstava ima ukupne prihode manje od prosječne hrvatske plaće te većina ispitanika
procjenjuje da svojim prihodima teško može zadovoljiti sve mjesečne potrebe
svog kućanstva.
Poljoprivreda, premda više nije glavni izvor prihoda seoskog stanovništva, još je uvijek
važan izvor materijalne sigurnosti, čimbenik u načinu cjelokupnog života seoske
zajednice, prije svega u organizaciji svakodnevnice i korištenju prostora.The paper analyses further results* of the empirical research conducted in the settlements of
the municipality of Gornja Rijeka. The aim of the research was to deepen knowledge about
the conditions which determine the quality of life of the Croatian rural area population. According
to the definition by R. Cummins (1991), material well-being is one of basic composite
indicators of the overall quality of life. For the purpose of this paper, prosperity is measured
by questions about the quality of housing, equipment of dwellings with elementary infrastructure
and consumer durables, the material status (income) of households and the role of agriculture
as a core economic sector in the total tangible image of rural households. A survey on
a sample of 170 respondents aged 18 to 60, including an equal number of men and women,
was conducted for the purpose of this study in 2012.
In the Croatian village of the 1960s, modernization of housing started with the building of municipal
infrastructure, significant quality improvement in the construction of houses, increased
living space and use of modern household appliances. In the settlements of Gornja Rijeka
municipality, the size of living space, equipment of households with basic infrastructure and
durable goods is satisfactory and can be compared with urban areas.
However, the material status of households in this municipality is not satisfactory because
the total income in more than half of them is lower than the average Croatian salary. Most respondents
estimate that their income can hardly meet the monthly needs of their households.
Although agriculture is no longer the main source of income for rural population, it is still a
relevant source of financial security, a determining factor in the entire life of rural communities,
especially in the organization of everyday activities and use of space
Multiculturalism in the European Context: Attainments and Disagreements
Get PDFU radu se bavi normativnim značenjem multikulturalizma i idejom promicanja kulturne različitosti putem politika identiteta, politika različitosti i politika priznavanja te multikulturalističkim politikama kao odgovorima na izazove povezane s kulturnim i religijskim različitostima. Iznošenjem triju multikulturnih teorija – liberalnog multikulturalizma, egalitarnog multikulturalizma i dijaloškog multikulturalizma i njihovom kritikom želi se upozoriti na ograničene dosege i nesuglasja u vezi s načinima uključivanja različitih kulturnih skupina u društvo. Da bi se upozorilo na propuste multikulturalističkih politika u integraciji migranata, raspravlja se o kritici multikulturalizma iz aspekta političkih lidera Njemačke, Velike Britanije i Francuske, povezanosti etničke različitosti, multikulturalizma i socijalne države te o integracijskim učincima multikulturalističkih politika u zemljama s izdašnom socijalnom državom. Na kraju se predlažu napuštanje jednodimenzionalnog shvaćanja multikulturalizma i uvođenje pristupa koji će u sebi objediniti politiku ekonomske redistribucije i politiku priznavanja različitosti.The paper deals with the normative meaning of multiculturalism and the idea of promoting cultural diversity through the politics of recognition, the politics of diversity and identity politics. The author wants to draw attention to the limited achievements and disagreements of multiculturalism with regard to the ways of including various cultural groups in society by exposing three multicultural theories – liberal multiculturalism, egalitarian multiculturalism and dialogically constituted multiculturalism. In the European context multicultural policies, as a state sponsored policies of integration, refer to the way in which countries respond to the cultural differences resulting from the increase of the number of immigrants. The countries’ responses to these differences depend on the organization and structure of state institutions, the distribution of states’ power and authority, and the manner of functioning of the welfare state (Geddes, 2003). Multicultural policies, as any other integration policies, should strive for immigrants to become equal citizens and to develop a sense of belonging to a host country. This paper examines how multiculturalist policies have been successful in achieving these goals.
Bearing in mind the fact that there is no integrative theory of multiculturalism that provides clear answers to questions related to the regulation of the cultural, religious and ethnic diversity, we have put forward three starting points of multicultural theory in order to indicate the variety of disputes that arise around these issues in modern liberal societies. Many liberal and even progressive thinkers believe that meaningful multiculturalism must be based on the equality policy, economic redistribution and social restructuring (Fraser, 1997), which is quite in line with the aim of the integration policy, that is equal treatment of immigrants in the host society and development of a sense of belonging among them. In the debate on multiculturalism there is a particularly pronounced gap when it comes to the idea of economic redistribution. On the one hand, the emphasis is on the idea of recognition of cultural differences without a call for economic redistribution, and on the other the issue of recognition is neglected in favour of economic redistribution. A more comprehensive conception of multiculturalism would require elimination of such contradiction (cf. Hartman and Gerteis, 2005), and the one-dimensional concept should be replaced with the integrative concept that includes both politics – politics of recognition and of economic redistribution.
The multiculturalist policies in Europe have been criticised from all sides. Criticism of multiculturalism has wide repercussions in various spheres of society and, among other things, it is a new impetus to extreme political parties that advocate a restrictive immigration policy as well as limited access to citizens’ rights. The politicians of the three most powerful European economies (Germany, Great Britain and France) have taken a strong stance against multiculturalism and allegedly poor integration effects of multiculturalist policies as well as for disintegration of society. This understanding implies a static concept of social order in which cultural diversity is perceived as a threat to social cohesion. In this opinion, social order and stability are always much more difficult to achieve and maintain in the context of diversity than in the context of homogeneity. Besides, in the European context, questioning of multiculturalist approach and a certain return of assimilation (theory and politics) could be also found in the work of the United States theorists who try to justify such policies considering them as a strong platform which reduces the structural inequalities (Glazer, 1993; Portes and Zhou, 1993; Alba and Nee, 2003).
It is doubtful how much the reintroduction of assimilation policies in the European context would achieve the desired integration results. It seems that the introduction of any radical solutions referring to the inclusion of newly arrived groups produces very poor integration effects. Forcing cultural assimilation by state institutions through the introduction of obligatory integration courses and through giving importance only to socio-economic dimension could be just as deflating as the granting of special cultural rights and recognition of cultural difference through multiculturalist policies and ignoring importance of socio-economic dimension of integration.
Since recently there have been discussions about the connections between the politics of recognition and the politics of redistribution, it could be assumed that the multiculturalism backlash stems from economic rather than ideological reason. However, research findings do not confirm that the introduction of multiculturalist policies affects the weakening of the welfare state. But, on the contrary, there are findings that show how multiculturalism policy combined with generous welfare state could cause poor integration outcomes.
Many theoretical research (Banting and Kymlicka, 2004; Banting et al., 2006; Entzinger, 2006; Evans, 2006; Kraus and Schönwälder, 2006; Miller, 2008) question the connections between ethnic diversity, multiculturalism and the welfare state. However, there are few studies that explain how multicultural policies linked with generous welfare state influence immigrant integration. The findings of many studies dealing with the influence of multicultural policies on the welfare state suggest that the very multicultural policies are not responsible for the weakening of the welfare state and for reducing the allocation of funds for social purposes (Banting and Kymlicka, 2004; Banting et al., 2006; Evans, 2006; Entzinger, 2006; Miller, 2008). In the study of twenty-three types of multiculturalist policies, Banting et al. (2006) tested whether countries with more developed multiculturalist policies faced impoverishment and erosion of the welfare state in comparison with the countries in which these policies were less developed. It has been found that multiculturalism policies did not affect either the impoverishment or weakening of the welfare state, and even the number of immigrants, national minorities and indigenous people did not affect the welfare state and its functioning although it seemed that a sharp rise in the immigrant population affected the distribution of social resources.
Entzinger (2006) presented interesting findings about the retreat from the proclaimed multiculturalism as official national policy in the Netherlands trying to explain whether the abandonment of the multiculturalist policies caused a weakening of the welfare state, which occurred due to the generous funding of minorities and migrant groups. He concluded that a certain shift from multiculturalism policies was not a consequence of the weakening of the welfare state but because these policies failed to integrate minorities into socio-economic sphere of Dutch society. The results of several cross-national analyses suggest (Murdie and Borgegard, 1998; Phillips, 1999; Koopmans, 2010) that multiculturalist policies have failed to integrate immigrants particularly with respect to socio-economic terms. A large number of migrants continue to be dependent on social assistance, they have a low employment rate and high unemployment, live in poor housing conditions, their children have a lower level of education and high school dropout rate, they are spatially segregated and their quality of life is worse than that of the natives. Ruud Koopmans (2010) also provides a similar argument about the retreat of “multicultural” policy approaches in the Netherlands. Analysing integration policies and the welfare-state regime in eight European countries Koopmans claims that multicultural policies, when joined with a generous welfare state, have resulted in low immigrant integration outcomes. These outcomes refer to low levels of labour market participation, high levels of segregation and a high crime rate among immigrants.
Koopmans (2010) argues that in the countries with a generous welfare state, multiculturalism may not be beneficial for all immigrants because it can lead to dependence on the welfare-state support and consequently to the increase of social and economic marginalization (Koopmans, 2010: 2).
Multiculturalist policies in the European context have failed as indicated by unsatisfactory integration results. The policies in the Netherlands, Sweden and Belgium, for example, have allowed migrants to survive on the welfare support without their inclusion in the labour market. It affected their economically disadvantageous position and further marginalisation.
At the end of the paper the normative reasons for preserving cultural and ethnic diversity are questioned. What if traditional values and preserving culture are not of crucial importance for a “good life” as multicultural theorists claim, but are also brought into question? As Barry (2006: 78) pointed out, birth or belonging to a particular ethnic group did not oblige anyone to be a guardian of their "ancestral culture." Finally, it should be noted that immigrants are not a homogenous group as Parekh (2008) pointed out. They differ among themselves with regard to the level of education, lifestyles, ethnic and/or religious affiliation, social capital, etc. In studying and making immigrant integration policies it should be kept in mind
Stavovi prema migrantskim radnicima i tražiteljima azila u istočnoj Slavoniji: dimenzije, odrednice i razlike
Get PDFCroatia’s accession to the EU has brought new challenges and issues in researching and analysing migration flows and trends as well as attitudes and perceptions of real and potential newcomers. The aim of this paper is to explore attitudes of the residents of the two most easterly Croatian counties towards two distinct categories of newcomers: immigrant workers and asylum seekers. The research was conducted shortly after Croatia’s entry into the EU, in September 2013, and the presented data are a part of a larger survey that included various migration and ethnicity issues. The survey was applied on a convenience sample of 1 110 adult respondents in two counties: Osijek-Baranja and Vukovar-Srijem. Data were analysed in a series of multivariate procedures. Results indicated significant perceptions of immigrant workers within the dimension of cultural threat, along with the expression of a considerable degree of social distance towards them. Asylum seekers were further perceived as a security and economic threat. Within two analysed regression models, the effects on attitudes towards immigrant workers and asylum seekers were similar. Among the spectrum of socio-demographic variables, a statistically significant effect on both dependent variables came from age and political orientation, indicating that older and politically right-oriented respondents expressed more negative attitudes towards both groups. Among other socio-demographic variables, education was significant in predicting attitudes towards immigrant workers, while ethnicity was significant in predicting the attitudes towards asylum seekers. The second model analysed the effect of selected political attitudes and value orientations resulting in significant prediction of negative attitudes towards both groups by pronounced conservativism, support of aggression and submission, social-dominance, dominant submissive authoritarianism and social alienation, rejecting socially oriented values and expressing greater interest in politics. Differences in prediction of dependent variables indicated that more liberal and better educated respondents had more positive attitudes towards immigrant workers, while Serbs (in comparison to Croats) and respondents rejecting anti-EU orientations had a more positive perception of asylum seekers. The results were compared to other relevant research, including the discussion of observed differences and similarities, and recommendations for further research.Ulazak Hrvatske u EU donio je nove istraživačke izazove i probleme u području istraživanja migracijskih tokova i trendova te u području istraživanja stavova i percepcija stvarnih i mogućih imigranata. Cilj je ovoga rada istražiti stavove stanovnika dviju hrvatskih najistočnijih županija prema dvjema kategorijama imigranata: migrantskim radnicima i tražiteljima azila. Istraživanje je provedeno ubrzo nakon priključivanja Hrvatske EU-u, u rujnu 2013., a prikazani podaci dio su većeg istraživanja različitih aspekata migracijske i etničke problematike. Primjenom metode ankete istraživanje je provedeno na prigodnom uzorku od 1100 odraslih ispitanika iz dvije županije: Osječko-baranjske i Vukovarsko-srijemske. Podaci su analizirani nizom multivarijatnih statističkih procedura. Dobiveni rezultati pokazuju izraženu percepciju migrantskih radnika u okviru dimenzije kulturne prijetnje uz izražen značajan stupanj društvene distance. Nadalje, tražitelji azila doživljavaju se kao sigurnosna i ekonomska prijetnja. Dva analizirana regresijska modela pokazuju prilično ujednačene učinke prediktorskih varijabli na percepciju migrantskih radnika i tražitelja azila. U okviru analize učinka sociodemografskih karakteristika ispitanika značajan učinak na obje zavisne varijable imale su dob i politička orijentacija, pri čemu su stariji i politički desno orijentirani ispitanici izražavali negativnije stavove prema objema skupinama. Od ostalih sociodemografskih varijabli obrazovanje ispitanika imalo je značajan učinak na percepciju migrantskih radnika, a etničnost ispitanika na percepciju tražitelja azila. U drugom se modelu analizirao učinak odabranih političkih stavova i vrijednosnih orijentacija, pri čemu rezultati pokazuju da ispitanici koji su skloniji konzervativizmu, koji podržavaju agresiju i submisiju, društvenu dominaciju, autoritarnost i društvenu alijenaciju, ispitanici koji odbacuju društveno orijentirane vrijednosti te izražavaju veći interes za politiku statistički značajno više izražavaju negativne stavove prema objema skupinama. Razlike u predikciji dviju zavisnih varijabli pokazuju da liberalniji i obrazovaniji ispitanici iskazuju pozitivnije stavove prema migrantskim radnicima, a Srbi (u odnosu na Hrvate) i ispitanici koji odbacuju anti-EU orijentaciju pozitivnije stavove prema tražiteljima azila. Dobiveni rezultati uspoređuju se s drugim relevantnim istraživanjima, pri čemu se raspravlja o opaženim razlikama i sličnostima te se daju preporuke za daljnja istraživanja
Religious Conversions from the Orthodox to the Roman-Catholic and the Greek-Catholic Religions during the Independent State of Croatia in the Area of the Bjelovar Archdeaconry
Get PDFAutor u radu donosi podatke o vjerskim prijelazima s pravoslavne na grkokatoličku i rimokatoličku vjeru na području Bjelovarskog dekanata. Nakon uvodnih napomena o odnosu Kraljevine Jugoslavije i Srpske pravoslavne crkve prema Rimokatoličkoj crkvi, autor donosi podatke o stradanju Srba i prisilnom iseljavanju Srba s bjelovarskog područja 1941. godine. Središnji dio teksta posvećen je statističkim podatcima o vjerskim prijelazima s pravoslavne na rimokatoličku vjeru između 1941. i 1945. godine prikupljenim u Nadbiskupijskom arhivu u Zagrebu te primjerima takvih vjerskih prijelaza. Posebno poglavlje posvećeno je vjerskim prijelazima s pravoslavne na grkokatoličku vjeru. Ne postoje točni podatci o tome koliko je bilo vjerskih prijelaza, ali broj od 2.235 podnesenih molbi u korelaciji s brojem stanovnika pravoslavne vjere govori o brojnosti te pojave.In the paper, the author gives data on religious conversions from the Orthodox to the Greek-Catholic and the Roman-Catholic religions in the area of the Bjelovar Archdeaconry. Following introductory remarks on the attitude of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and the Serbian Orthodox Church towards the Roman-Catholic Church, the author gives data on the sufferings of the Serbs and their coercive emigration from the Bjelovar area in 1941. The central part of the text analyses statistical data on religious conversions from the Orthodox to the Roman-Catholic religion between 1941 and 1945, collected from the Archdiocesan Archives in Zagreb, and includes examples of these religious conversions. A special chapter tackles religious conversions from the Orthodox to the Greek-Catholic religion. No accurate dana exist about the number of religious conversions. Nevertheless, 2,235 submitted applications in correlation with the number of Orthodox inhabitants witness to the frequency thereof
The Identity of Members of the Czech National Minority in the Grubišno Polje Area
Get PDFAutor u tekstu donosi informacije o identitetu češke nacionalne manjine na području Grubišnog Polja. Na temelju arhivske građe iz Hrvatskoga državnog arhiva, građe iz Državnog zavoda za statistiku i iz Instituta za etnologiju i folkloristiku u Zagrebu, intervjua s pripadnicima češke nacionalne manjine te dostupne literature, autor donosi informacije o etničkoj strukturi naselja naseljenih Česima u okolici Grubišnog Polja, stanju nacionalne svijesti Čeha nekada i danas, sjećanju na doseljavanje na grubišnopoljsko područje i međunacionalnim odnosima. U zaključku donosi spoznaje o današnjem stanju nacionalnog identiteta Čeha u okolici Grubišnog Polja. Posebno se bavi selima Ivanovo Selo, Rastovac, Gornja Rašenica, Donja Rašenica, Treglava i Munije.In the text, the author gives information on the identity of Czech national minority from the Grubišno Polje area. Based on the archive material from the Croatian State Archives, the State Bureau of Statistics, and the Institute of Ethnology and Folklore Research in Zagreb, interviews with members of Czech national minority and available literature, the author offers information on the ethnic structure of settlements inhabited by the Czechs in the wider area of Grubišno Polje; the state of the national conscience of the Czechs in the past and nowadays; the memories of settling in the area surrounding Grubišno Polje; and international relations. In conclusion, information about the current state of the national identity of the Czechs around Grubišno Polje is given. The villages of Ivanovo Selo, Rastovac, Gornja Rašenica, Donja Rašenica, Treglava, and Munije are analysed in detail
Faith Conversions from Orthodox to Roman Catholic and Greek Catholic Religion in Podravina in the Period 1941 to 1945
Get PDFNa području Podravine postoji određeni broj šljunčara ili antropogenih jezera gdje je prilikom eksploatacije građevnog materijala (šljunak, pijesak) pronađen velik broj indikativnih arheoloških nalaza. U radu će se pokušati prikazati razlozi njihova nalaza, odnosno na više će se primjera htjeti objasniti način njihove pojave na mjestu njihova pronalaska. Većinom je riječ o nalazima koji su tu dospjeli nenamjerno, ponekad su u sekundarnoj uporabi, a arheolozima su zanimljivi u interpretaciji kretanja određene povijesne zajednice, njihovih običaja, odnosa prema vodotocima i slično. Sukladno navedenom, treba napomenuti kako sve te šljunčare nisu pravi arheološki lokaliteti već tek posebna mjesta nalaza pojedinačnih i vrijednih muzejskih predmeta.The author examines the number of conversions from the Orthodox to Roman Catholic and Greek Catholic religion in the area districts Ludbreg, Koprivnica and Đurđevac. The author makes his conclusions based on research of Archdiocesan Archives in Zagreb and the Croatian State Archives. The paper examines a number of conversion appeals by the Orthodox believers submitted to Roman Catholic parishes, as well as the attitude of Ustasha regime authorities towards the Orthodox churches. Finally, the authors concludes that the Orthodox conversion in Podravina were not so massive in numbers. The lack of data relating to conversion of the Orthodox to the Greek Catholics makes it impossible to determine accurate numbers of this conversion
Slovaci u Hrvatskoj u popisima stanovništva između 1880. i 2011. i perspektiva u istraživanju
Get PDFThe authors of the text provide information about Slovaks in Croatia in the censuses between 1880 and 2011 with regard to the Slovak language as a native language of Slovaks in Croatia. Authors in the first part bring information about the arrival of Slovaks in Croatia, and then deal with their number, religious and gender structure as well as their literacy. The text is the result of research in the Croatian State Archives and published material in the Central Bureau of Statistics and literature. In conclusion the authors emphasize the need of a systematic approach to the study of Slovak communities in Croatia
The Zadar maritime zone in Pîrî Reis’ Book of Navigation of 1526: maritime and geographical images of part of the Croatian Adriatic
Get PDFU radu su analizirane karte i tekstualni geografski opisi (peljar) zadarskog akvatorija iz djela Kitâb-ı Bahriye (Knjiga pomorstva) osmanskog moreplovca, pirata i kasnije admirala Pîrî Reisa. Komparativnom analizom sravnjeno je više primjeraka toga plovidbenog priručnika iz dosad poznatih istanbulskih izvora, ali i manje poznati primjerak iz Umjetničkog muzeja Walters (Walters Art Museum) u Baltimoru. Cilj je bio usporediti saznanja koja su o širem zadarskom prostoru posredstvom skrovitog rada stranca iz neprijateljskih redova, Pîrî Reisa, dobili Osmanlije u odnosu na radove suvremenih mu mletačkih kartografa, kao “domaćina” na istočnoj jadranskoj obali. Preispitivanje njegova rada iz povijesno kartografske ali i imagološko-geografske perspektive pokazuje da je uspio izbalansirati potrebu za nastankom navigacijski i geografski iznimno kvalitetnog materijala s vlastitom pozicijom stranca na istočnom Jadranu. Kartografske i narativne slike Pîrî Reisa o zadarskom akvatoriju predstavljaju odraz dosega i mogućnosti osmanske kartografije što omogućuje njezino preispitivanje. Razlog leži u činjenici da kvaliteta kartografskog i narativnog dijela produkcije Pîrî Reisa nije dosegnuta u onodobnim plovidbenim priručnicima. Korištena toponimija upućuje na to da se Pîrî Reis služio tuđim dostupnim izvorima, primjerice uputama za plovidbu, ali ih je kombinirao s brojnim vlastitim opažanjima. Stoga njegov rad predstavlja posve izvoran opis zadarskog akvatorija, koji zbog obilja novih podataka donosi potpuno nove znanstvene spoznaje.This paper contains the analysis of maps and textual geographical descriptions (pilot) of the Zadar maritime zone from the work Kitâb-ı Bahriye (Book of Navigation) by Pîrî Reis, an Ottoman seafarer, pirate and later admiral. Comparative analysis was made of several examples of that navigational manual from Istanbul sources known to date and also from a lesser-known example from The Walters Art Museum in Baltimore. The objective was to compare the information obtained by the Ottomans regarding wide Zadar area based on the secretive work of a foreigner from ranks of the enemy, Pîrî Reis, with that shown in the works of his contemporary Venetian cartographers, his‘hosts’ on the eastern Adriatic coast. Providing either the historical-cartographical or imagologicalgeographical perspective, the research reveals that Pîrî Reis managed to balance the demand for production of high quality navigation and geographical materials with his position as a foreigner on the east Adriatic. Cartographic and narrative images of the Zadar maritime zone by Pîrî Reis represent a reflection of the scope and possibilities of Ottoman cartography, enabling its reappraisal. The reason lies in the fact that the quality of the cartographic and narrative output of Pîrî Reis was not achieved in the navigational manuals of that time. The toponyms employed indicate that Pîrî Reis used other accessible sources, for example, navigation instructions, but he combined them with numerous observations of his own. Therefore, his work represents a totally original description of the Zadar maritime zone which, due to a lot of new information it contains, provides completely new scholarly cognisance
Event and Ethnic Situation: Changes to the Identity of National Minority Communities in the Republic of Croatia (Translation)
Get PDFU radu se izlažu rezultati istraživanja (re)konstrukcije etničkih/nacionalnih identiteta pojedinih manjinskih zajednica u Republici Hrvatskoj uvjetovanih promjenama društveno-povijesnog konteksta (u razdoblju kad se Hrvatska nalazila u sastavu SFRJ, potom u razdoblju demokratskih promjena, Domovinskog rata, i samostalne RH). Koristi se kvalitativni pristup koji s jedne strane uključuje propitivanje službenog kategoriziranja i klasificiranja nacionalnih manjinskih zajednica unutar Ustava SFRJ i Ustava RH, teorijsko-pojmovnih objašnjenja i njihovoj implementaciji u definiranju identiteta, te empirijski dio koji obuhvaća dubinske intervjue maksimalne varijacije s pripadnicima različitih nacionalnih manjinskih zajednica koji žive na širem području RH. Naglašava se kako određene institucionalizirane klasifikacijske sheme ili povijesni trenutak mogu nametnuti ili dovesti do promjenjivosti strategija, položaja i uloge određenih manjinskih zajednica. Osim službenih definicija i institucionaliziranih klasifikacijskih shema kojima se neposredno pripisuju određena identitetska svojstva pojedinoj grupi, društveni identiteti mogu biti i rezultat slobodnog izbora, prinude, strategijske igre samih pojedinaca/članova određene grupe ili resurs podložan mobilizaciji u ostvarivanju političkih ili ekonomskih ciljeva. Kroz ova dva pristupa analizi identiteta nacionalnih manjinskih zajednica u RH pojašnjavamo ne samo procesualni i dinamični karakter identiteta nego i njegovu promjenjivu i situacijsku prirodu.This paper presents research results concerning the (re)-construction of the ethnic / national identities of particular minority communities in the Republic of Croatia, as shaped by fluctuations in the social and historical context (over the period when Croatia was part of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, thereafter in the periods of democratic transformation, the Homeland War, and the independent Republic of Croatia). We take a multi-method approach, on the one hand exploring the official categorization and classification of national minorities within the Constitution of the FRY and the Constitution of the RC, whilst also examining theoretical and conceptual explanations and their implementation in defining identity. The empirical part includes in-depth interviews with members of different ethnic minority communities living across the territory of present-day Croatia. The paper emphasizes how certain institutional classificatory schemes or historical moments may be imposed or lead to volatility as concerns the strategies, positions and roles of certain minority communities. In addition to the official definition and institutionalized classificatory schemes that are directly attributed to the specific identity characteristics of each group, social identities can be the result of free choice, coercion, strategy games played by individuals / members of certain groups themselves or resources mobilized in order to achieve political or economic goals. Through considering these two approaches to the analysis of national minority identities in present-day Croatia, we elaborate not only the procedural and dynamic character of identity but also its variable and situational nature